scholarly journals Eimeria piriformis live-attenuated vaccine is successfully lower clinical coccidiosis of rabbits raised in tropic

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
P H Hamid ◽  
S Prastowo ◽  
W S Nugroho ◽  
R Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Abstract Livestock can sustain expected levels of productivity if the disease is controlled successfully. Rabbit coccidiosis is the major disease-causing high mortality and morbidity. Since no vaccine is available, the eradication is primarily based on careful management combined with medication in feed or water. Chemical coccidiostat is not only raising antibiotic resistance. It also adds environmental contamination since antibiotic is secreted onto land and water. In this report, we attenuate Eimeria piriformis and used it as the vaccine candidate for New Zealand rabbits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 90% of rabbits immunized with live attenuated E. piriformis showed no severe signs when challenged with wild type containing 5 x 105 oocyst. The use of live-attenuated E. piriformis is promising as coccidiosis prevention and control program. The strategy would reduce the continuous usage of chemoprophylactic substances in rabbit husbandry and therefore contribute in reducing environmental contamination of antibiotics

scholarly journals Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo Regency

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Husni Husni ◽  
Th. B Rahayujati ◽  
S Supargiyono
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
District Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
Malaria Risk Factors

Evaluation of malaria risk factors prevention and control program in Kulon Progo RegencyPurposeThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the program of prevention and control of malaria risk factors in Kulon Progo District in 2016 based on system approach.MethodThis research was evaluation program used mixed methods (sequential explanatory design). Data collected from 7 public health center of active focus malaria and district health office. Respondents were program managers and head of public health center, district program managers, head of control and eradication of communicable diseases, and head of district health offices. The instruments used structured questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Quantitative data analysis was descriptive and qualitative data used Miles and Huberman model.Results Most of the availability of human resources, funds, facilities, materials, and methods already meet implementation needs except entomologists, allocation of funds activities other than IRS, time of the implementation of larval fish deployment. Most of the processes that started from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation have gone well except for planning other than IRS, preparation vector control without entomology database, implementation of environmental management, larviciding, and larval fish deployment. Coverage of LLINs, coverage of IRS, control of LLINs efficacy, and test of vector resistance have met the target, except coverage of larviciding and larval fish deployment was not available.ConclusionPrevention and control program of malaria risk factors has implemented but wasn’t based on entomological data. District health offices should recruit entomologist to support vector control activities.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a Comprehensive Device Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevention and Control Program: results of a 3-year program in the Republic of Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Iordanou ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Elizabeth Papathanassoglou ◽  
Lakis Palazis ◽  
VASILIOS RAFTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bundle of infection control measures to reduce DA-HAIs in the ICU of a General Hospital in the Republic of Cyprus, over a three-year period. Methods: We studied 599 ICU patients with length of stay (LOS) for at least 48 hours. Our prospective cohort study was divided into three surveillance phases. VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI incidence rates, LOS and mortality were calculated before, during and after the infection prevention and control program. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of DA-HAI events during the surveillance periods, associated with DA-HAIs prevention efforts. In 2015 (prior to program implementation), the baseline DA-HAIs instances were 43: 16 VAP (10.1/1000 Device Days), 21 (15.9/1000DD) CLABSIs and 6 (2.66/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=198). During the second phase (2016), CLABSIs prevention measures were implemented and the number of infections were 24: 14 VAP (12.21/1000DD), 4 (4.2/1000DD) CLABSIs & 6 (3.22/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=184). During the third phase (2017), VAP and CAUTI prevention measure were again implemented and the rates were 6: (3 VAP: 12.21/1000DD), 2 (1.95/1000DD) CLABSIs & 1 (0.41/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=217). There was an overall reduction of 87% in the total number of DA-HAIs instances for the period 01/01/15 to 31/12/17. Conclusions: The significant overall reduction in DA-HAI rates, indicates that a comprehensive infection control program can affect DA-HAI rates.

scholarly journals A Review the Development of Infection Prevention and Control Program in Nursing Care During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Candra Dewi Rahayu ◽  
Diah Fitri Purwaningsih ◽  
Ika Silvitasari
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Inclusive Leadership ◽  
And Control

The hospital is the health service structure that plays the most prominent role with the Covid-19 pandemic.The nursing profession is still required to provide quality nursing care to Covid-19 patients, as well as to other patients so that the provision of nursing care must be in accordance with the procedures and management of patients with infectious diseases accurately and correctly and use Personal Protection Equipment in accordance with standard. Infection prevention and control during the pandemic is very important for patients and health workers to minimize the occurrence of nosocomial infections during hospital care. This review aims to determine the development of infection prevention and control program in the provision of nursing care during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method with a review was carried out by searching for articles related to patient safety in providing Covid-19 nursing care. Literatures search were carried out in December 2020 - January 2021 through PubMed, Sciencedirec, google scholar, government policy then entered the online database list by entering keywords, namely patient safety, nursing care, Covid-19. Selected journals were based on inclusion and exclusion criteria through a critical assessment process with CASP to assess the quality of articles. The results of the critical appraisal obtained six articles that match the inclusion criteria with a minimum appraisal score of 85 in good categories which are then carried out by analysts. The results of the research by reviewing 6 articles show that prevention and control of patients safety in providing nursing care during a pandemic can be developed through nursing care management by using summarized checklists, patient safety-based nursing care service system, infection prevention and control during the pandemic and inclusive leadership. Nursing care management, patient safety, infection prevention and control and an inclusive leadership style are the development methods that can be used for the prevention and control of Covid-19.

scholarly journals A literature-based review was made to assess the applications of GIS in veterinary epidemiology and its relevance in the prevention and control of animal diseases.

2020 ◽  
pp. 047-051
Author(s):  
Fayisa Wakgari Oljira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Epidemiology ◽  
And Control

A literature-based review was made to assess the applications of GIS in veterinary epidemiology and its relevance in the prevention and control of animal diseases. GIS is “a powerful set of tools for collecting, retrieving, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world”. Overall, a GIS is a platform consisting of hardware, software, data, and people and encompasses a fundamental and universally applicable set of value-added tools for capturing, transforming, managing, analyzing, and presenting information that is geographically referenced. These data can be combined with population data and previous disease records for the prediction of diseases. Applications of GIS are very wide in all human activities. It is used for marketing studies, telecommunications, and the location of restaurants, museums, and hospitals; in tracking truck traffic; in establishing maps of animal population density by species or maps of changes in vegetation; in locating forests, rivers, and mountains and in determining soil compositions. The application of GIS to the veterinary field has been developed over the last decade. Specialized software is becoming more affordable and user friendly. GIS can be applied in veterinary epidemiology for investigation of complex disease problems, GIS is used for early warning systems, for recording and reporting disease information and for planning animal disease prevention and control program. One of the most useful functions of GIS in epidemiology is its utility in basic mapping. It is believed that GIS will play an important role in the control and eradication of epidemic Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). Thus training of veterinary staff on GIS, its tools, and applications are highly recommended.

Demystifying Essential Containers and Places for Aedes Mosquito Control in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiyana Sahavechaphan ◽  
Asamaporn Chatrattikorn ◽  
Pongsakorn Sadakorn ◽  
Darin Areechokechai ◽  
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The strategy for prevention and control of Aedes-borne diseases relies on timely elimination of key breeding containers. There is thus a crucial need to identify key breeding containers to enhance vector control activities. The visual larval survey of wet containers has then been conducted as a routine mission of the Department of Disease Control (DDC). To facilitate this, DDC has deployed a mobile application, namely TanRabad SURVEY, since May 2016. As per an inspected place, TanRabad SURVEY supports the real-time collection of its larval survey data and processing of its larval indices and key breeding containers. Methods: Larval survey data from 2017 to 2019 were spatially and temporally collected by public health officials via TanRabad SURVEY. Several measurements were computed to identify the overall and regional key breeding containers and places; and the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. The measurements for identifying essential containers were breeding potentiality, productivity, contribution and preference ratio. As for places, the larval productivity of places based on larval indices was employed. Such place productivity was also implemented for discovering the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. Results: The overall essential breeding containers were water tank, unused containers, other used containers, old tyres, anti-ant bowls, drip tray of water dispensers, pet bowls and plant leaves. As for regional aspects, different regions had different essential breeding containers wherein their most common containers were unused containers, other used containers, old tyres and drip tray of water dispensers. All regions had similar experiences that villages and temples were the top two riskiest places, followed by schools, factories, hotels and hospitals. Additionally, all regions had high transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne disease as above 30 of all their places were moderate and high risk places. Conclusions: This study identified the overall and regional key breeding containers and places along with the regional transmission potentiality of Aedes-borne diseases. Beside this, the empirical evidence had shown that the breeding productivity of most containers and places in each type was gradually decreased from time to time. This was mainly because TanRabad SURVEY supported real-time risk communication to community participants and effective prevention and control program development.

scholarly journals Barriers to the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in the Community of Southwestern China: A Qualitative Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Shu Su ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Runze Deng ◽  
Mingyue Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Poor Cognition

Objective viral hepatitis is a big challenge in China. However, few studies have focused on mapping the difficulties from a broader view. This study aimed to identify the barriers to the prevention and control of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in communities from the perspectives of hepatitis patients, residents, and healthcare providers. A total of 26 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth face-to-face interviews from September 2015 to May 2016 in two communities from Chongqing and Chengdu, China. A thematic framework was applied to analyze the qualitative data from the interviews. The critical factors of barriers to hepatitis prevention and control in the districts included poor cognition of residents regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C, severe stigma in society, inadequate health education, and the provision of unsatisfactory medical services. Strengthening health education and improving services for treating patients with hepatitis are suggested to make further progress. A substantial gap remains between the need and currently available services for hepatitis patients and residents. Delivering quality prevention and control health services, improving health education, and reducing stigma in society are recommended to improve the prevention and control program for hepatitis B and C in communities.

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