scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on Some Properties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
B A AI-Qasi ◽  
M M Sharqi ◽  
S E Faiath
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Part Yield ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Abstract The study was conducted in the Department of biology - College of Education for Girls - University of Anbar in order to study the effect of cadmium and lead pollution and nitrogen fertilizer sources on the accumulation of heavy metals in the root, the vegetative part, yield and its components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during growing season 2020-2021, Where the experiment was carried out in pots containing 20 kg of soil. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design and in the order of factorial experiments with three replications. The experiment included two factors, the first factor is three concentrations of the elements lead and cadmium (0, 40, 80 mg liter -1), and the second factor is three types of nitrogen fertilizer sources are (ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 and urea CO(NH2)2). The experiment was planted and irrigated with the three nitrogen fertilizer sources on 1/11/2020. After 14 days of planting, heavy metals were added to the soil in the above-mentioned concentrations in the form of two batches. The weight of 1000 grains/g and the concentration of heavy elements (Pb, Cd) in the root, vegetative and grains after harvest were calculated. The results of the study showed: The barley plant had the ability to accumulate heavy elements in the different parts of the plant, and their concentration in the root system was the highest, then the vegetative system, then the grain. However, the accumulated amounts of lead were less than cadmium in the roots, as the highest concentrations of lead and cadmium in the roots were (24.78 and 37.22 mg kg-1) and (61.13 and 92.3 mg kg-1). for the concentrations (40 and 80 mg L-1) respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Diatomite on the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Body of White Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
Vasily I. Dorozhkin ◽  
Natalia A. Brichko ◽  
Natalia S. Pavlova ◽  
Galina I. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Every year, pollution by eco-toxicants of natural and anthropogenic origin is becoming more and more acute. Some of the most toxic among them are heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. These elements do not decompose. Once released into the environment, these elements continue to circulate in water, soil, and air for a very long time, accumulating in plants and livestock products. Therefore, there is a problem of obtaining safe agricultural products in areas contaminated with heavy metals. In animal husbandry, synthetic and natural enterosorbents are used for obtaining safe products. For example, such enterosorbents are shungites, bentonites, diatomites, clays. We tested diatomite from the Kamyshlovskoye deposit at a dose of 5.0 g/kg of feed to reduce cadmium accumulation and lead during their combined intake. We investigated the feed intake of a combination of cadmium and lead at doses of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg feed. The result of this experiment is the accumulation of metals in the liver, kidneys, and bones, and, in addition, in the testes. The use of diatomite to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals has not been successful. There is an increase in lead accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and testes. The content of cadmium in diatomite is 3.86 ± 0.20 mg/kg, lead – 105.0 ± 7.2 mg/kg. The results obtained indicate that diatomite as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication did not show protective properties.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Mopelola Omotoso ◽  
Ibrahim Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Samples of rock deposit dug out from wells at Alimosho local government in Lagos state, Nigeria were characterized for chemical composition and ultimate utilization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were used to identify the rock as a mixed clay rock containing 35.04% Illite, 25.64% Illite plus Quartz, 22.20% Kaolinite and 17.09% Feldspar. This was corroborated by cation determination that showed the rock to be predominantly clayey rock. The mean concentrations of lead and copper in water of the wells in the rock location are 0.004mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively while cadmium is less than detectable limit. The well water in the area studied is therefore not contaminated by these heavy metals. Heavy metals removal by the mixed clay from polluted underground water was studied using AAS. A general increase of sorption was observed with increase in the adsorbent dosage. 20g of the rock adsorbed a higher percentage of copper (80.23%) than lead and cadmium that were 70.25% and 65.83% respectively. The percentage of heavy metals adsorbed confirms the use of mixed clay minerals as a contaminants removal from the underground polluted water. The rock adsorbed copper readily than cadmium and lead. The maximum amount of lead removed from the contaminated underground water of the defunct battery site across the adsorbent dosage (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) were 1.20mg/L, 3.19mg/L, 3.69mg/L and 4.09mg/L respectively indicating the effect of increase in adsorbent dosage in remediating the lead contaminated water. This data showed that the rock can be used to remove these heavy metals from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Efficiency Use of Nitrogen In Several Palm Oil Varieties With Treatment of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels In Main Nursery

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afrillah ◽  
Chairani Hanum ◽  
Abdul Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Two Factors

Efficiency use of nitrogen in several palm oil varieties with treatment in nitrogen fertilizer level in main nursery. This study aims to determine the growth characteristics of several varieties of palm oil efficient use of nitrogen with the provision of various nitrogen levels in the main nursery. The research was conducted in the nursery area of Yos Sudarso Binjai road and the Soil Laboratory of the Palm Oil Research Center, Medan from May to November 2017, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is varieties consisting of 7 types namely Avros, Simalungun, PPKS 540, Yangambi, PPKS 718, PPKS 239, Langkat. The second factor is the N fertilization dose consisting of 5 levels ie 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% from fertilizer recommendation. The results showed that the addition of N level increased the dry weight of the canopy, and the uptake of plant N nutrients. The efficient use of optimal Nitrogen in Yangambi varieties was obtained on N 25% fertilization, while Avros and PPKS 239 were at 50% recommendation level. 75% recommendation produce optimal value efficient use of N on Simalungun variety, PPKS 718, and Langkat. PPKS 540 varieties efficient use of N optimal at 100% recommendation level.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS IN ORGANS AND TISSUES OF HERRING SPECIES (CLUPEIDAE) IN CASPIAN SEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ershova ◽  
Vyacheslav Fedorovich Zaitsev ◽  
Vladimir Chaplygin ◽  
Asylbek Shakhmuratovich Kanbetov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Electrothermal Atomization ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Standard Techniques

Research objective was to identify the specific features of distribution of microelements (zink, manganese, lead, cadmium) in organs and tissues of black-backed shad Alosa kessleri kessleri (Grimm, 1887) and Dolginsky herring Alosa braschnikowii braschnikowii (Borodin, 1904) caught in the Caspian Sea. Accumulated in the tissues and organs of fish in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible limits, heavy metals pose a danger to human health. Sampling was carried out by the standard techniques, definition of minerals was made by method of atomic and absorbing spectroscopy using an atomic and absorbing spectrometer with electrothermal atomization of MGA-915 MD. The analysis of the obtained data showed that distribution of minerals in the organs and tissues of the studied herring species had a similar pattern: the highest concentrations of minerals were registered in the gills and liver, the smallest - in muscle tissue. In comparison with black-backed shad the organs and tissues of Dolginsky herring had higher concentrations of chemical elements. Zinc has been found to accumulate mainly in the liver; manganese, lead and cadmium - in the gills. Accumulation of zinc, cadmium and lead in the studied bodies and tissues of fishes exceeded acceptable level.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Safflower

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Zainab N. M. A. Al-Zubaidy ◽  
Maher H. S. Al-Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Significant Superiority

Abstract A field experiment was carried out during winter agricultural season 2020/2021 in Babylon Governorate in at Tajieh region, southeast of Hilla city, to study the effect of planting dates and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of safflower. The experiment included two factors: planting dates (1 and 15 November and 1 December), and nitrogen fertilizer at levels (0, 90, 120 and 150 kgN.ha-1), the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed significant superiority of planting date at December 1 on most growth and yield components parameters, it recorded the highest averages on seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1576.2, 6126.0 kg.ha-1 and 25.6% respectively. However, nitrogen fertilizer at concentration 150 kg N.ha-1 affected all growth and yield and its components, it gave the highest averages for seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1762.2, 6626.8 kg.ha-1 and 26.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables Samples from Kericho West Sub-county, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Bett ◽  
Ongera Gilbert ◽  
Wangila Phanice ◽  
Shadrack Mule
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The present study was carried out to investigated the presence of heavy metals (essential and non- essential); Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn and Cd in soils and vegetables such as Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea Acephala and Amaranthus palmeri. These soils and vegetables were collected randomly from local farms in Kericho West Sub-County. The samples were analysed for heavy metal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPE 9000) to determine the levels of the heavy metals. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals ranged in vegetables:- Manganese (86.33-113.00 mg/kg), Copper (15.67-36.00 mg/kg), Iron (319.33-977.67 mg/kg), Cadmium (10.33-29.00 mg/kg) and Lead (31.67-53.67 mg/kg) as well as in the soils; Mn (172.33-201.00 mg/kg), Cu (1.33-3.33 mg/kg), Fe (63.67-98.00 mg/kg), Cd (3.67-5.33 mg/kg) and Pb (5.00-5.67 mg/kg). The data obtained was analysed by using SPSS version 20.0 for descriptive statistics and one- way ANOVA. From the analysis of heavy metals in vegetables, from Sosiot the concentration of Manganese and copper were significantly different at p-value < 0.05, while Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Manganese were not significantly different at p-value > 0.05; from Kabianga Division, Manganese and Iron were significantly different at p-value < 0.05. Copper, Lead and Cadmium were not significantly different at p-value > 0.05; from Kiptere Division, Manganese, Iron and Copper had no significant difference at p-value < 0.05. Cadmium and lead were significantly different at p-value > 0.05. Manganese had the lowest transfer factor between 0.42 and 1.15. The highest ratios were observed from copper ranging from 15.67 to 36.00 in all vegetables.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of heavy metal from sewage sludge by plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Bartlová ◽  
Barbora Badalíková ◽  
Jan Hrubý ◽  
Vasil Gjurov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
North East ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

In 2008 and 2009, studies made contents of cadmium and lead in the soil and their uptake by non-traditional plants were studied in a small-plot trial. At the same time also the effect of bio-algeen preparations on phytoextraction of heavy metals by these plants was investigated. Experimental plots were established on the reclaimed land after closing down mining operations in the town of Žacléř (North-East Bohemia) where a layer of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant 0.6–0.8 m thick was subsequently applied. The locality is situated in the altitude of 612 m, its average annual temperature is about 6.8 °C and the mean annual precipitations are 857 mm. Analyses revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in the applied sewage sludge. The average concentrations of lead and cadmium were 180 mg . kg−1 and 6.89 mg . kg−1, respectively. The experiment had two variants: Variant 1 – sewage sludge without any other substances, and Variant 2 – sewage sludge + bio-algeen preparations (B. A. S-90 or B. A. Root Concentrate). To find the most suitable plant species for the phytoextraction of cadmium and lead, the following non-traditional plants were cultivated in both variants: fodder mallow (Malva verticillata L.), rye (Secale cereale L. var. multicaule METZG. ex ALEF.) and white sweet clover (Melilotus alba MEDIC.). The highest accumulation of cadmium and lead in the aboveground biomass was found out in rye, viz 14.89 mg . kg−1 DM and 14.89 mg . kg−1 DM of Cd and Pb, respectively., As compared with other plants under study, white sweet clover exhibited the significantly lowest capability to extract both heavy metals from soil (viz 0.22 and 3.20 mg . kg−1 DM of Cd and Pb, respectively). A positive effect of bio-algeen on phytoextraction of cadmium and lead was evident in all plants. The highest yield of aboveground biomass was recorded on the plot with white sweet clover with added alginate (496 g . m−2). Of plants under study, the fodder mallow seems to be the most suitable crop for the phytoextraction of both metals (0.35 and 5.87 mg . m−2 of Cd and Pb, respectively).

Concentration of some Heavy Elements in Water , Sediment and Plants in Al-Gharraf River in Thi-Qar Province –South of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The present study was included to estimate the Concentration and distribution of selected Heavy elements Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and Zinc from water, sediment and two species of plant ( Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllim demersum). Also same physical characteristic of this river in water , samples were collected of three stations in Al-Gharraf River in order to investigates the possibility of pollution in this area with these elements .three station (Al-Fajr districts , Qal'at Sukkar districts and Al-Rifa'I districts) were chosen to execute this study during the period from May 2018 until February 2019. And the high temperature was recorded (13 ٥C in winter to 30 ٥C in summer), pH (7.44 to 7.8) and Turbidity (2.41 to 10.2)NTU. and salinity (0.01 to 0.069) ppt. Also all the heavy metals recorded a significant increase in water and Ceratophyllin demersum plant samples in the winter higher than summer and in the sediments and Phragmites australis plant the rise in the winter was only in the elements nickel and zinc, but in cadmium and lead were concentration low or do not make a big difference in the winter compared to the summer , Where the highest percentage of nickel and zinc in the sediments in the second and third stations respectively reached 86.2 mg / kg dry weight . The lowest concentration of cadmium concentration in water samples at the first station for the summer was 0.0021 mg / L . Where there is a positive relationship between the increase in concentrations of heavy metals in the samples studied and increase in the amount of rain , speed of runoff and the rise in water level in the river in winter due to the volume of rising smoke as a result of pollution which descends during the rainfall and erosion of the edges of the river and lack of control over the domestic sewage that has been brought into the river . As well as probable cause to exist Al-Gharraf oil field that newly established and located north of Fajr city, was considered a control station and opposite to the Qal'at Sukkar city and south of Al-Rifai city we can be observed through the results which show a gradual rise in the second and third stations and third station was higher than stations 1 and 2.

scholarly journals TEORES DE CHUMBO E CÁDMIO EM SUPLEMENTOS MINERAIS PARA BOVINOS COMERCIALIZADOS NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.O. BUTURE ◽  
W.S. MARÇAL
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Mineral Mixtures

Foi realizada uma investigação em misturas minerais, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantificando os elementos chumbo e cádmio em diferentes formulações, comercializadas no estado do Paraná. Os metais pesados foram determinados pela técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica por plasma de indução acoplada. Considerando como parâmetro de comparação às referências do National Research Council (1996) e Association of American Feed Control Official Incorporated (2001), em 30 diferentes marcas analisadas, 21 marcas apresentaram níveis de chumbo inorgânico superiores ao limite máximo aceitável que é de 30 ppm. Em todas as amostras o nível de cádmio encontrado superou o limite de 0,5 ppm que é o valor máximo aceitável. Os resultados demonstraram a urgente necessidade de monitoramento junto aos fabricantes e/ou revendedores, pois algumas misturas minerais podem ser eminentemente perigosas, possibilitando efeitos cumulativos tóxicos de chumbo e cádmio inorgânico em bovinos. Values of lead and cadmium in mineral supplements for cattle commercialized in Paraná State Abstract An investigation of mineral mixtures was carried out by quantifying cadmium and lead levels found in different formulas commercialized in the Paraná State. These heavy metals were assayed by the espectrofotometric technique of atomic absorption by plasma of coupled induction. Taking into consideration international parameters of reference, 21 out of 30 analyzed brands displayed levels of inorganic lead higher than the maximum acceptable limit, which is 30ppm. However, in all tested samples the cadmium levels were higher than the maximum acceptable limit of 0.05 ppm. The results indicated an urgent necessity for manufacturer and the seller monitoring, since some of the mineral mixtures might be extremely dangerous and may cause cumulative toxic effects of lead and inorganic cadmium in cattle.

scholarly journals Determination of cadmium and lead in milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Zhitar ◽  
◽  
Natalia N. Yasсhenko ◽  
Anatoly N. Lyschikov ◽  
Elena G. Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

This paper presents the results of quantitative determination of cadmium and lead in milk, the quality of which is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products" No. 88-FL of 12.06.2008, which indicates permissible levels of toxic substances in milk and basic dairy products. Cadmium and lead, as well as their compounds, are highly toxic substances of cumulative action and pose a serious danger to human and animal health, which makes regular monitoring of the content of these heavy metals in food, in particular milk, relevant. Eight samples of milk sold in the territory of the Chuvash Republic were selected as subjects of the study. Among them are six samples from popular shops of Cheboksara (trademarks “Just”, “Fresh tomorrow”, “From Krasuli”) and two samples of raw cow milk of private farms of Yadrin district (village of Grand Sundyr and village of Persirlana). The analysis of the crude, pasteurized and ultra heat-treated milk of various producers on the content of lead and cadmium at their joint presence was carried out by methods of an inversion voltamperometriya (GOST P 51301-99) and atomic and absorbing spectrometry (MU 01-19/47-11-92 “Methodical instructions by atomic and absorbing methods of definition of toxic elements in foodstuff”) and also in accordance with GOST 26932-96 “By raw materials and foodstuff. Lead Determination Methods” and GOST 26933-86 “Raw Materials and Food Products. Cadmium definition methods”. The minimum lead and cadmium content is found in “Just” brand milk samples of 0.0052±0.0016 and 0.0011±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum lead content is found in samples of raw milk of Yadrin district (0.0262±0.0017 mg/kg), and cadmium – in milk of the manufacturer of the trademark “Just” from factory “Semisovsky” (0.0049±0.0007 mg/kg). It has been found that all the samples studied contain a very small amount of heavy metals, which does not exceed the MPC value, which makes it possible to highly assess the quality of milk and dairy products sold in Chuvashia.

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