scholarly journals Flood Hazard Calculation by Using a Digital Terrain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
Juraj Muzik ◽  
Anna Seidlova ◽  
Maria Kudelcikova ◽  
Cheynesh Kongar-Syuryun ◽  
Jan Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

Abstract Due to the global warming and the high environmental burden to the country, the risk of flood hazards increases hand in hand with the climate changes. It is not the only hazard, but parts of this hazard may be eliminated by using flood barriers, flood defences, etc. There are anthropogenic possibilities of the flood barriers’ application, such as dams, bags, regulated riverbeds. There are also protections with natural elements that can used, namely water gardens, water stages, balanced vegetation planting. The strength, dimension and position may be calculated from the proper terrain data.

scholarly journals Coupling scenarios of urban growth and flood hazards along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2331-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sekovski ◽  
C. Armaroli ◽  
L. Calabrese ◽  
F. Mancini ◽  
F. Stecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Sleuth Model ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. The extent of coastline urbanization reduces their resilience to flooding, especially in low-lying areas. The study site is the coastline of the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), historically affected by marine storms and floods. The main aim of this study is to investigate the vulnerability of this coastal area to marine flooding by considering the dynamics of the forcing component (total water level) and the dynamics of the receptor (urban areas). This was done by comparing the output of the three flooding scenarios (10, 100 and > 100 year return periods) to the output of different scenarios of future urban growth up to 2050. Scenario-based marine flooding extents were derived by applying the Cost–Distance tool of ArcGIS® to a high-resolution digital terrain model. Three scenarios of urban growth (similar-to-historic, compact and sprawled) up to 2050 were estimated by applying the cellular automata-based SLEUTH model. The results show that if the urban growth progresses compactly, flood-prone areas will largely increase with respect to similar-to-historic and sprawled growth scenarios. Combining the two methodologies can be useful for identification of flood-prone areas that have a high potential for future urbanization, and is therefore crucial for coastal managers and planners.

scholarly journals Analysis of extreme flooding events through a calibrated 1D/2D coupled model: the case of Barcelona (Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
David Sunyer ◽  
Marc Velasco ◽  
Slobodan Djordjević
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Extreme Flooding ◽  
Flooding Events

This paper presents the results of a calibrated 1D/2D coupled model simulating surface and sewer flows in Barcelona. The model covers 44 km2 of the city land involving 241 km of sewers. It was developed in order to assess the flood hazard in the Raval district, historically affected by flooding during heavy rainfalls. Special attention was paid to the hydraulic characterization of the inlet systems (representing the interface between surface and underground flows), through experimental expressions used to estimate the effective runoff flows into the sewers in case of storms. A 2D unstructured mesh with more than 400,000 cells was created on the basis of a detailed digital terrain model. The model was calibrated and validated using four sets of well-recorded flooding events that occurred in 2011. The aim of this paper is to show how a detailed 1D/2D coupled model can be adequately calibrated and validated using a wide set of sewer sensors and post-event collected data (videos, photos, emergency reports, etc.). Moreover, the created model presents significant computational time savings via parallel processing and hardware configuration. Considering the computational performances achieved, the model can be used for real-time strategies and as the core of early warning systems.

scholarly journals Coupling scenarios of urban growth and flood hazard along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2149-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sekovski ◽  
C. Armaroli ◽  
L. Calabrese ◽  
F. Mancini ◽  
F. Stecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Sleuth Model ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. The extent of coastline urbanization reduces their resilience to flooding, especially in low lying areas. The study site is the Emilia-Romagna Region coastline (Italy), historically affected by marine storms and floods. The main aim of this study is to investigate the vulnerability of this coastal area to marine flooding by considering the dynamics of the forcing component (Total Water Level) and the dynamics of the receptor (urban areas). This was done by comparing the output of the three flooding scenarios (10, 100 and >100 year return periods) to the output of different scenarios of future urban growth up to 2050. Scenario-based marine flooding extents were derived by applying the Cost-Distance tool of ArcGIS® to a high resolution Digital Terrain Model. Three scenarios of urban growth (similar-as-historic, compact and sprawled) up to 2050 were estimated by applying the cellular automata based SLEUTH model. The results show that, if the urban growth is compact-like, flood-prone areas will largely increase with respect to similar-as-historic and sprawled growth scenarios. Combining the two methodologies can be useful for identify flood-prone areas that have a high potential for future urbanization, and is therefore crucial for coastal managers and planners.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Hydrological-Hydraulic Modeling of Urban Floods Using InfoWorks ICM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10259
Author(s):  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Aminah Shakirah Jaafar ◽  
Wan Hazdy Azad Wan Abdul Majid ◽  
Hidayah Basri ◽  
Mohammad Marufuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Infoworks Icm

Malaysia, being a tropical country located near the equatorial doldrums, experiences the annual occurrence of flood hazards due to monsoon rainfalls and urban development. In recent years, environmental policies in the country have shifted towards sustainable flood risk management. As part of the development of flood forecasting and warning systems, this study presented the urban flood simulation using InfoWorks ICM hydrological−hydraulic modeling of the Damansara catchment as a case study. The response of catchments to the rainfall was modeled using the probability distributed moisture (PDM) model due to its capability for large catchments with long-term runoff prediction. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) technique was used to obtain high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) data. The calibrated and validated model was first applied to investigate the effectiveness of the existing regional ponds on flood mitigation. For a 100-year flood, the extent of flooded areas decreased from 12.41 km2 to 3.61 km2 as a result of 64-ha ponds in the catchment, which is equivalent to a 71% reduction. The flood hazard maps were then generated based on several average recurrence intervals (ARIs) and uniform rainfall depths, and the results showed that both parameters had significant influences on the magnitude of flooding in terms of flood depth and extent. These findings are important for understanding urban flood vulnerability and resilience, which could help in sustainable management planning to deal with urban flooding issues.

scholarly journals The Effect of LiDAR Sampling Density on DTM Accuracy for Areas with Heavy Forest Cover

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Mihnea Cățeanu ◽  
Arcadie Ciubotaru
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Point Density ◽  
The Impact

Laser scanning via LiDAR is a powerful technique for collecting data necessary for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation, even in densely forested areas. LiDAR observations located at the ground level can be separated from the initial point cloud and used as input for the generation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) via interpolation. This paper proposes a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of DTMs (and derived slope maps) obtained from LiDAR data and is focused on conditions common to most forestry activities (rough, steep terrain with forest cover). Three interpolation algorithms were tested: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Natural Neighbour (NN) and Thin-Plate Spline (TPS). Research was mainly focused on the issue of point data density. To analyze its impact on the quality of ground surface modelling, the density of the filtered data set was artificially lowered (from 0.89 to 0.09 points/m2) by randomly removing point observations in 10% increments. This provides a comprehensive method of evaluating the impact of LiDAR ground point density on DTM accuracy. While the reduction of point density leads to a less accurate DTM in all cases (as expected), the exact pattern varies by algorithm. The accuracy of the LiDAR-derived DTMs is relatively good even when LiDAR sampling density is reduced to 0.40–0.50 points/m2 (50–60 % of the initial point density), as long as a suitable interpolation algorithm is used (as IDW proved to be less resilient to density reductions below approximately 0.60 points/m2). In the case of slope estimation, the pattern is relatively similar, except the difference in accuracy between IDW and the other two algorithms is even more pronounced than in the case of DTM accuracy. Based on this research, we conclude that LiDAR is an adequate method for collecting morphological data necessary for modelling the ground surface, even when the sampling density is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals DTM-based analysis of the spatial distribution of topolineaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1199
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Kriging ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Airborne Laser

AbstractThe research area is located on the boundary between two Paleozoic structural units: the Radom–Kraśnik Block and the Mazovian–Lublin Basin in the southeastern Poland. The tectonic structures are separated by the Ursynów–Kazimierz Dolny fault zone. The digital terrain model obtained by the ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) method was used. Classification and filtration of an elevation point cloud were performed. Then, from the elevation points representing only surfaces, a digital terrain model was generated. The model was used to visually interpret the course of topolineaments and their automatic extraction from DTM. Two topolineament systems, trending NE–SW and NW–SE, were interpreted. Using the kernel density algorithm, topolineament density models were generated. Using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging, a thickness model of quaternary deposits was generated. A relationship was observed between the course of topolineaments and the distribution and thickness of Quaternary formations. The topolineaments were compared with fault directions marked on tectonic maps of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Data validation showed consistency between topolineaments and tectonic faults. The obtained results are encouraging for further research.

scholarly journals Production, Validation and Morphometric Analysis of a Digital Terrain Model for Lake Trichonis Using Geospatial Technologies and Hydroacoustics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Triantafyllia-Maria Perivolioti ◽  
Antonios Mouratidis ◽  
Dimitrios Terzopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kalaitzis ◽  
Dimitrios Ampatzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

Covering an area of approximately 97 km2 and with a maximum depth of 58 m, Lake Trichonis is the largest and one of the deepest natural lakes in Greece. As such, it constitutes an important ecosystem and freshwater reserve at the regional scale, whose qualitative and quantitative properties ought to be monitored. Depth is a crucial parameter, as it is involved in both qualitative and quantitative monitoring aspects. Thus, the availability of a bathymetric model and a reliable DTM (Digital Terrain Model) of such an inland water body is imperative for almost any systematic observation scenario or ad hoc measurement endeavor. In this context, the purpose of this study is to produce a DTM from the only official cartographic source of relevant information available (dating back approximately 70 years) and evaluate its performance against new, independent, high-accuracy hydroacoustic recordings. The validation procedure involves the use of echosoundings coupled with GPS, and is followed by the production of a bathymetric model for the assessment of the discrepancies between the DTM and the measurements, along with the relevant morphometric analysis. Both the production and validation of the DTM are conducted in a GIS environment. The results indicate substantial discrepancies between the old DTM and contemporary acoustic data. A significant overall deviation of 3.39 ± 5.26 m in absolute bottom elevation differences and 0.00 ± 7.26 m in relative difference residuals (0.00 ± 2.11 m after 2nd polynomial model corrector surface fit) of the 2019 bathymetric dataset with respect to the ~1950 lake DTM and overall morphometry appear to be associated with a combination of tectonics, subsidence and karstic phenomena in the area. These observations could prove useful for the tectonics, geodynamics and seismicity with respect to the broader Corinth Rift region, as well as for environmental management and technical interventions in and around the lake. This dictates the necessity for new, extensive bathymetric measurements in order to produce an updated DTM of Lake Trichonis, reflecting current conditions and tailored to contemporary accuracy standards and state-of-the-art research in various disciplines in and around the lake.

scholarly journals Modeling Streamflow and Sediment Loads with a Photogrammetrically Derived UAS Digital Terrain Model: Empirical Evaluation from a Fluvial Aggregate Excavation Operation

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Hupy ◽  
Cyril O. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Sediment Loading ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Geospatial Datasets

Soil erosion monitoring is a pivotal exercise at macro through micro landscape levels, which directly informs environmental management at diverse spatial and temporal scales. The monitoring of soil erosion can be an arduous task when completed through ground-based surveys and there are uncertainties associated with the use of large-scale medium resolution image-based digital elevation models for estimating erosion rates. LiDAR derived elevation models have proven effective in modeling erosion, but such data proves costly to obtain, process, and analyze. The proliferation of images and other geospatial datasets generated by unmanned aerial systems (UAS) is increasingly able to reveal additional nuances that traditional geospatial datasets were not able to obtain due to the former’s higher spatial resolution. This study evaluated the efficacy of a UAS derived digital terrain model (DTM) to estimate surface flow and sediment loading in a fluvial aggregate excavation operation in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. A nested scale distributed hydrologic flow and sediment loading model was constructed for the UAS point cloud derived DTM. To evaluate the effectiveness of flow and sediment loading generated by the UAS point cloud derived DTM, a LiDAR derived DTM was used for comparison in consonance with several statistical measures of model efficiency. Results demonstrate that the UAS derived DTM can be used in modeling flow and sediment erosion estimation across space in the absence of a LiDAR-based derived DTM.

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