scholarly journals Production, Validation and Morphometric Analysis of a Digital Terrain Model for Lake Trichonis Using Geospatial Technologies and Hydroacoustics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Triantafyllia-Maria Perivolioti ◽  
Antonios Mouratidis ◽  
Dimitrios Terzopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kalaitzis ◽  
Dimitrios Ampatzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

Covering an area of approximately 97 km2 and with a maximum depth of 58 m, Lake Trichonis is the largest and one of the deepest natural lakes in Greece. As such, it constitutes an important ecosystem and freshwater reserve at the regional scale, whose qualitative and quantitative properties ought to be monitored. Depth is a crucial parameter, as it is involved in both qualitative and quantitative monitoring aspects. Thus, the availability of a bathymetric model and a reliable DTM (Digital Terrain Model) of such an inland water body is imperative for almost any systematic observation scenario or ad hoc measurement endeavor. In this context, the purpose of this study is to produce a DTM from the only official cartographic source of relevant information available (dating back approximately 70 years) and evaluate its performance against new, independent, high-accuracy hydroacoustic recordings. The validation procedure involves the use of echosoundings coupled with GPS, and is followed by the production of a bathymetric model for the assessment of the discrepancies between the DTM and the measurements, along with the relevant morphometric analysis. Both the production and validation of the DTM are conducted in a GIS environment. The results indicate substantial discrepancies between the old DTM and contemporary acoustic data. A significant overall deviation of 3.39 ± 5.26 m in absolute bottom elevation differences and 0.00 ± 7.26 m in relative difference residuals (0.00 ± 2.11 m after 2nd polynomial model corrector surface fit) of the 2019 bathymetric dataset with respect to the ~1950 lake DTM and overall morphometry appear to be associated with a combination of tectonics, subsidence and karstic phenomena in the area. These observations could prove useful for the tectonics, geodynamics and seismicity with respect to the broader Corinth Rift region, as well as for environmental management and technical interventions in and around the lake. This dictates the necessity for new, extensive bathymetric measurements in order to produce an updated DTM of Lake Trichonis, reflecting current conditions and tailored to contemporary accuracy standards and state-of-the-art research in various disciplines in and around the lake.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Terrain Analysis Based on Digital Terrain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Dana Sitanyiova ◽  
Dasa Bacova ◽  
Robert Sasik ◽  
Frantisek Malik
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models

Abstract Within the Digital Terrain Models (DTM) processing and consequently qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is possible to gain a credible imagination of real terrain shape. In order to obtain an appropriate DTM, it is necessary to decrease the influence of the gross errors that have negative effects on the final DTM. These gross errors may degrade and in the worst case also ruin the calculations and the final outputs. The gross errors have a greater impact and are harder to define in complicated terrain and pointing out these types of errors depends on the editor’s experiences and terrain knowledge.

Morphometry of volcanic cones on Mars in perspective of Astrobiological Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gilichinsky ◽  
Nikita Demidov ◽  
Elizaveta Rivkina
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
North Polar

AbstractThe permanently frozen volcanic sediment is one of the most promising geological objects for searching life on Mars. On Earth, volcanic intrusions into permafrost result in formation of the unique microbial communities. We propose several terrestrial analogues of Martian polar volcanoes, such as the permanently frozen volcanic sediments on the Kamchatka peninsula and in Antarctica. The present study shows applicability of the morphometric analysis for demonstration of the morphological similarity between the terrestrial and Martian cinder cones. In the present work, the morphometric analysis of young Martian landforms is based on the assumption that the conical structures identified on digital terrain model (DTM) are volcanic cinder cones. Morphometric analysis of the studied cones showed a range of degradation. The extent of degradation may be an indicator of age based on comparison with volcanic cinder cones on Earth. A morphometric analysis of potentially young volcanic cones in the North Polar Region of Mars was performed to estimate their relative age. The 14 potential cinder cones were identified using the DTM provided by Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), allowing for the basic morphometric calculations. The majority of the cinder cones are localized in the Chasma Boreale region within the area 79°–81°N and 261°–295°E. The calculated morphometric parameters showed that the cone average steepness varied from 3.4° to 11.8°, cone height-to-width ratio varied from 0.025 to 0.12, and the ratio between surface and basal area of the cone varied from 1.005 to 1.131. The studied cinder cones were classified with respect to the morphometric ratios assuming that larger values correspond to the younger structures. Employing the terrestrial analogy of morphometric ratios as a proxy for relative geological age, we suggest that existing microorganisms may be found in permafrost of young Martian cinder cones.

scholarly journals The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model (v1.0) – a GIS-based simulation framework for gravitational processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3309-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Gravitational Processes

Abstract. The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model can be used to simulate the process path and run-out area of gravitational processes based on a digital terrain model (DTM). The conceptual model combines several components (process path, run-out length, sink filling and material deposition) to simulate the movement of a mass point from an initiation site to the deposition area. For each component several modeling approaches are provided, which makes the tool configurable for different processes such as rockfall, debris flows or snow avalanches. The tool can be applied to regional-scale studies such as natural hazard susceptibility mapping but also contains components for scenario-based modeling of single events. Both the modeling approaches and precursor implementations of the tool have proven their applicability in numerous studies, also including geomorphological research questions such as the delineation of sediment cascades or the study of process connectivity. This is the first open-source implementation, completely re-written, extended and improved in many ways. The tool has been committed to the main repository of the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) and thus will be available with every SAGA release.

The Establishment of the Digital Elevation Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 1567-1570
Author(s):  
Chun Di Ni ◽  
Shen Kui Liu ◽  
Xiao Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Contour line map and digital terrain model are widely used in practical work. With the rapid development of computer technology, computer graphics and geographic information system, they become more and more practical and their roles have become more prominent. Contour line has incomparable advantage of expressing both qualitative and quantitative information especially in the terrain analysis. Many algorithms of contour line map are automatically generated based on the digital terrain model.

scholarly journals The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model (v1.0) – a GIS-based simulation framework for gravitational processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Gravitational Processes

Abstract. The Gravitational Process Path (GPP) model can be used to simulate the process path and run-out area of gravitational processes based on a digital terrain model (DTM). The tool combines several sub-models (process path, run-out length and material deposition) to simulate the movement of a mass point from an initiation site to the deposition area. For each sub-model several modeling approaches are provided, which makes the tool configurable for different processes like rockfall, debris flows or snow avalanches. The tool can be applied to large-coverage studies like natural hazard susceptibility mapping on a regional scale but also contains components for scenario based modeling of single events. Both the modeling approaches and precursor implementations of the tool have proven their practicability in numerous studies, including also geomorphological research questions like the delineation of sediment cascades or the study of process connectivity. This is the first completely re-written open source implementation, extended and improved in many ways. The tool has been committed to the main repository of the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) and thus will be available with every SAGA release.

scholarly journals Performance of automated methods for flash flood inundation mapping: a comparison of a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two hydrodynamic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2979-2995
Author(s):  
Nabil Hocini ◽  
Olivier Payrastre ◽  
François Bourgin ◽  
Eric Gaume ◽  
Philippe Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Inundation Mapping ◽  
Flood Inundation Mapping ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract. Flash floods observed in headwater catchments often cause catastrophic material and human damage worldwide. Considering the large number of small watercourses possibly affected, the use of automated methods for flood inundation mapping at a regional scale can be of great help for the identification of threatened areas and the prediction of potential impacts of these floods. An application of three mapping methods of increasing level of complexity is presented herein, including a digital terrain model (DTM) filling approach (height above nearest drainage/Manning–Strickler or HAND/MS) and two hydrodynamic methods (caRtino 1D and Floodos 2D). These methods are used to estimate the flooded areas of three major flash floods observed during the last 10 years in southeastern France, i.e., the 15 June 2010 flooding of the Argens river and its tributaries (585 km of river reaches), the 3 October 2015 flooding of small coastal rivers of the French Riviera (131 km of river reaches) and the 15 October 2018 flooding of the Aude river and its tributaries (561 km of river reaches). The common features of the three mapping approaches are their high level of automation, their application based on a high-resolution (5 m) DTM, and their reasonable computation times. Hydraulic simulations are run in steady-state regime, based on peak discharges estimated using a rainfall–runoff model preliminarily adjusted for each event. The simulation results are compared with the reported flood extent maps and the high water level marks. A clear grading of the tested methods is revealed, illustrating some limits of the HAND/MS approach and an overall better performance of hydraulic models which solve the shallow water equations. With these methods, a good retrieval of the inundated areas is illustrated by critical success index (CSI) median values close to 80 %, and the errors on water levels remain mostly below 80 cm for the 2D Floodos approach. The most important remaining errors are related to limits of the DTM, such as the lack of bathymetric information, uncertainties on embankment elevation, and possible bridge blockages not accounted for in the models.

scholarly journals Structural-morphometric analysis of Kremenets Mountains (part 1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Andrii Bermes
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Local Erosion ◽  
Different Order

The geomorphological structure and the morphometric features are characterized, the structural-morphometric constructions of the territory of the Kremenets Mountains are conducted and analyzed. The multi-order maps of the baseline and vertex surfaces, the residual relief, and the local erosion are created with the help of the software called AcrGis. The features of the geomorphological structure and the stage of the relief development are determined. Some regularities in the distribution of the morphometric indicators of the different parts of the Kremenets Mountains are revealed. Twelve morphometric different-genetic and different-order maps are constructed, and the surface of the top, baseline, residual and erosion relief are made and analyzed in accordance with the hypsometric and morphometric characteristics for this analysis. The method of the constructing of the map models for the structural and the morphometric analysis are presented. The comparison of vertices and bases of different order, as well as vertex – basal surfaces are analyzed, which allowed revealing the latest and modern movements of the earth's crust, the quantitative estimation of the amplitude of the vertical movements. The altitude differences in the characteristics of model comparisons are presented. The analysis and the comparison of the models allowed establishing the nature of the latest movements, the ratio of the denudation and the accumulation, the intensity of the erosion processes of the formation of the different stages of the investigated territory. The maps of the apex, basal, residual, erosion relief, which are created, serve as a basis for the comparison of the different top and base surfaces and the single-row top-base surfaces with the linear and the annular tectonic structures (the analysis of the latest tectonogenesis) in the future publications. Key words: basic surface, vertex surface, watershed, erosion network, residual relief, local erosion, morphometric analysis, digital terrain model, watercourses order, neotectonic movements, North-Podillia ledge.

scholarly journals Geological and Geomorphologic Conditions and Traces of Prehistoric and Historic Human Settlements in the Vicinity of Ulów (Roztocze Region, Southeastern Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska ◽  
Jerzy Nitychoruk ◽  
Janusz Budziszewski ◽  
Michał Jakubczak
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract The paper presents determinants of location of the multicultural complex of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Ulów, in the Central Roztocze upland region in south-eastern Poland. Archaeological research revealed that in the area assumed to be devoid of settlements, the settlements of prehistoric and historical communities functioned from the Palaeolithic to modern times. The region was also subjected to environmental examination. Location of sites was analysed, taking into account a convenience of communication in a regional scale and local environmental conditions. Analysis of hydrogeological, geomorphological and soil conditions was carried out, taking into account water supply, communication and the farming development. In-depth analysis included micromorphological DTM (Digital Terrain Model) and geological and soil probing. The area was found to be located on the crossing of prehistoric communication routes the course of which depended on the variability of the physiographic parameters of regions. The functioning of new cultures in the same place resulted from specific local conditions such as: easily arable soils, favourable microclimate, and particularly access to water. The presence of a source of water in a plateau area is determined tectonically (strike-slip fault), lithologically (impermeable marl horizon), and geomorphologically (dissection of the aquifer by an erosion-denudation valley).

scholarly journals The Effect of LiDAR Sampling Density on DTM Accuracy for Areas with Heavy Forest Cover

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Mihnea Cățeanu ◽  
Arcadie Ciubotaru
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Point Density ◽  
The Impact

Laser scanning via LiDAR is a powerful technique for collecting data necessary for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation, even in densely forested areas. LiDAR observations located at the ground level can be separated from the initial point cloud and used as input for the generation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) via interpolation. This paper proposes a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of DTMs (and derived slope maps) obtained from LiDAR data and is focused on conditions common to most forestry activities (rough, steep terrain with forest cover). Three interpolation algorithms were tested: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Natural Neighbour (NN) and Thin-Plate Spline (TPS). Research was mainly focused on the issue of point data density. To analyze its impact on the quality of ground surface modelling, the density of the filtered data set was artificially lowered (from 0.89 to 0.09 points/m2) by randomly removing point observations in 10% increments. This provides a comprehensive method of evaluating the impact of LiDAR ground point density on DTM accuracy. While the reduction of point density leads to a less accurate DTM in all cases (as expected), the exact pattern varies by algorithm. The accuracy of the LiDAR-derived DTMs is relatively good even when LiDAR sampling density is reduced to 0.40–0.50 points/m2 (50–60 % of the initial point density), as long as a suitable interpolation algorithm is used (as IDW proved to be less resilient to density reductions below approximately 0.60 points/m2). In the case of slope estimation, the pattern is relatively similar, except the difference in accuracy between IDW and the other two algorithms is even more pronounced than in the case of DTM accuracy. Based on this research, we conclude that LiDAR is an adequate method for collecting morphological data necessary for modelling the ground surface, even when the sampling density is significantly reduced.

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