scholarly journals Determination of Coal Ash Content by Neutron-Neutron Logging

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
Nikolay Grib ◽  
Pavel Kuznetsov ◽  
Igor Kolodeznikov ◽  
Galina Grib ◽  
Andrey Kachaev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Loose Deposits

Abstract The research is aimed at assessing the possibility of studying the ash content of coal seams using neutron-neutron logging in coal exploration wells drilled at the outcrops of coal seams under loose deposits using the materials of experimental work in the South Yakutsk coal basin. The prospects of using neutron-neutron logging to study coal well sections, on the one hand, is determined by the fact that hydrogen content in coal seams normally exceeds its content in the host rocks, and, on the other, by the small cross-sections of neutron capture by carbon. Within the same coal grade, an increase in its ash content both means a decrease in its hydrogen content and an increase in the content of elements with a higher capture cross section. Experimental studies were carried out at the Syllakh coal deposit. An IBN-8-1 type plutonium-beryllium source with an output of 5*104 neutrons/s was used as a fast neutron source, and a highly efficient SNM-17 type helium gas-discharge counter was used as a slow neutron detector. The logging depth provided by the equipment was 10 - 30 cm. During the processing of the obtained field data, a correlation was established between the count rate of neutron-neutron logging and coal ash content. It should be noted that the functional dependence of the count rate of neutron-neutron logging on ash content is not continuous – in the range of ash content of 45 - 55% a certain discontinuity point is observed, after which the functional dependence changes. To simplify the assessment of the dependence, the range of rock ash content above 45% is neglected since bituminous coals with an ash content of more than 45% are classified as carbonaceous rock and are not of industrial interest. A close correlation is established between the count rate of neutron-neutron logging and coal ash content. According to the results of statistical processing, the correlation coefficient is 0.97, which makes it possible to quantitatively determine the ash content according to neutron-neutron logging data. The absolute errors in ash content determination by neutron-neutron logging over the entire dataset are up to 3.625 %. The degree of analytical moisture influence on the data of neutron-neutron logging in determining coal ash content is estimated. No regular changes in the count rate of neutron-neutron logging due to a change in the analytical moisture index have been established. It is noteworthy that, with a sufficiently large dispersion value of the analytical moisture index, the trend line of this parameter regularly changes synchronously with the trend lines of ash content and count rate.

Study on Coal Separability for Wangcun Inclined Shaft in Chenghe

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1082-1085
Author(s):  
Xi Yuan Yang ◽  
Mei Li Du ◽  
Jin Ren Zhang ◽  
Jian Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
The Given

On the basis of the coal quality characteristics, the screening and drifting tests have been carried out to investigate the separability of the coals in the inclined shaft coal samples of Chenghe Wangcun coal mine. The results showed that the mine raw coal seams are medium ash, high sulfur and medium volatile coals. The screening test results showed that the water content and sulfur content of coals samples in each grade after sieving essentially remained the row coal characteristic. Heating value increased with the decrease of particle size, but ash content decreased with the particle size. The float-and-sink tests showed that when the given clean coal ash content was 10%13% and 15% respectively, the coal samples were in the extremely difficult degree, medium separability degree and medium separability degree respectively.

scholarly journals The solid ingredient properties influence on the energy characteristic of the coal-water slurry fuel flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Nataliia Chernetska–Biletska ◽  
Hanna Shvornikova ◽  
Kostiantyn Podoliak ◽  
Serhii Kyrychko ◽  
Mariia Miroshnykova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Specific Pressure ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Coal Water Slurry

The article analyses the process of making the coal-water slurry fuel. The main factors influencing the slurry rheological characteristics and, therefore, energy costs during its transportation are determined. The main attention is paid to the original coal ash content efficiency influence on the energy characteristics of the coal-water slurry fuel. In the work, the transformations of classical rheological equations were carried out taking into account the experimental dependence of the coal-water fuel effective viscosity on the feedstock ash content. As a result of the conducted transformations the dependence to determine the specific pressure loss due to the feedstock ash content was obtained. This has enabled to supplement the eligibility determination techniques for the grade of the coal used as the feedstock for the preparation of the coal-water fuel with rational energy and rheological characteristics. To substantiate the theoretical calculations, the article presents the results of the experimental studies on the effect of coal ash content on the specific pressure losses.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

A CNN-based regression framework for estimating coal ash content on microscopic images

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110589
Author(s):  
Weidong Kanghui Zhang ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
ziqi Lv ◽  
Lizhang Jin ◽  
Dinghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Ash ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Regression Framework

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON THE TRACTION AND SPEED PROPERTIES AND THE FUEL ECONOMY OF CARGO-CARRYING VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhasur Kulmukhamedov ◽  
Ravshan Khikmatov ◽  
Alisher Saidumarov ◽  
Yulduz Kulmukhamedova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The manuscript proposes analytical methods for calculating fuel economy and traction-speed properties when modeling the movement of cargo-carrying vehicles on real routes, based on theoretical and experimental studies in a hot and dry climate, which allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles objectively in terms of traction and speed, fuel and economic indicators. Using the statistical processing of experimental, theoretical research data, the authors calculate the coefficient X2, which allows for evaluating the adequacy of the mathematical model and experimental data. As an example, the manuscript provides for an assessment of fuel economy and traction and speed properties. The authors presented the results in graphs for the ease of evaluating the effect of external temperature on fuel consumption and the average speed of a road train. The authors’ methodology allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles in a hot and dry climate.

scholarly journals Iron reduction from concentrates of hydrometallurgical dressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 728-735
Author(s):  
I. A. Rybenko ◽  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
M. A. Golodova ◽  
I. E. Khodosov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Software Complex

The article presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of iron solid-phase reduction from an iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical dressing of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores with coals of grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown). The method of thermodynamic modeling using TERRA software complex was used to study the reducing properties of hydrocarbons by calculating equilibrium compositions in the temperature range of 373 - 1873 K. The authors obtained the dependences of compositions and volume of the gas phase formed as a result of the release of volatile components during heating on the temperature for the coals of the grades under consideration. As a result of thermodynamic modeling, the optimal temperatures and consumption are determined, which ensure the complete iron reduction from an iron-containing concentrate. The results of experimental studies were obtained by modern research methods using laboratory and analytical equipment, as well as methods of statistical processing. Results of the coals analysis carried out using the Setaram LabSys Evo thermal analyzer showed that the process of thermal decomposition of coals of the studied grades proceeds according to general laws. The process of thermal decomposition of long-flame coal proceeds less intensively than of brown coal. The results of an experimental study of the processes of thermal decomposition of reducing agents have shown that volumes of the gas phases, formed when coals are heated to a temperature of 1173 K in an argon atmosphere, practically coincide with the calculated values. As a result of thermodynamic modeling and experimental study, the optimal consumption of D and 2B grades of coal is determined at a temperature of 1473 K. The best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal of D grade. When determining the optimal amount of reducing agent in charge mixtures during the study of metallization processes, it was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction (98 - 99 %) of iron from the concentrate.

scholarly journals Metabolic and molecular-genetic changes in the liver during carbon tetrachloride intoxication

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 996-1000
Author(s):  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Tatyana G. Kutlina ◽  
Guzel’ F. Mukhammadiyeva ◽  
Yana V. Valova ◽  
Samat S. Baygildin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Genetic Changes

Introduction. Toxic hepatitis (TH) is a complex and multifaceted disease, the development of which is mediated by a complex of biochemical and molecular genetic interactions. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of TH and, as a consequence, its treatment is based on standardization of the phenotype of the disease, often without taking into account metabolic disorders within the cells. Material and methods. experimental studies were performed on white outbred male rats weighing 200-220 g. A 50% solution of TCM was used as a toxicant. Biochemical studies were performed on a laboratory medical photometer “Stat Fax 3300” using clinical test kits and control materials manufactured by Vector-Best LLC. Liver tissue for histological examination was subjected to the standard histological procedure and paraffin embedding. Sections 5-7 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR amplification on a RotorGene instrument (QIAGEN). Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results were considered reliable at p <0.05. Results. As a result of the analysis of the correlation of the expression of the studied genes and the level of biochemical parameters, it was found that the correlation of the expression of the Nfe2l2 and Gstm1 genes was r = 0.812 (p = 0.0001). The dynamics of gene expression of Chek, Gstm1, Gstp1, Nfe2l2, had a negative correlation with the level of AST activity in blood serum. And the expression of the genes Chek, Gclc, Gstm1, Nfe2l2, Ripk, Sod1 with an index of ALT activity in the blood serum. After 72 hours, the expression of almost all of the studied genes became multidirectional. And the correlation between indices is often not determined. An analysis of the relationship between the level of cytolysis enzymes and the correlation level of the studied genes showed that after 72 hours the correlation was observed in the Gstm1, Hmox, and Sod1 genes with the levels of AST and ALT.

scholarly journals Lime Treatment of Coal Bottom Ash for Use in Road Pavements: Application to El Jadida Zone in Morocco

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad El Moudni El Alami ◽  
Raja Moussaoui ◽  
Mohamed Monkade ◽  
Khaled Lahlou ◽  
Navid Hasheminejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Lime Treatment

Industrial waste causes environmental, economic, and social problems. In Morocco, the Jorf Lasfar Thermal Power Station produces two types of coal ash with enormous quantities: fly ash (FA) and Bottom ash (BA). FA is recovered in cement while BA is stored in landfills. To reduce the effects of BA disposal in landfills, several experimental studies have tested the possibility of their recovery in the road construction, especially as a subbase. In the first phase of this study, the BA underwent a physicochemical and geotechnical characterization. The results obtained show that the BA should be treated to improve its mechanical properties. The most commonly used materials are lime and cement. In the selected low-cost treatment, which is the subject of the second phase of the study, lime is used to improve the low pozzolanicity of BA while calcarenite sand is used to increase the compactness. Several mixtures containing BA, lime, and calcarenite sand were prepared. Each of these mixtures was compacted in modified Proctor molds and then subjected to a series of tests to study the following characteristics: compressive strength, dry and wet California Bearing Ratio (CBR), dry density and swelling. The composition of each mixture was based on an experimental design approach. The results show that the values of the compressive strength, the dry density, and the CBR index have increased after treatment, potentially leading to a valorization of the treated BA for use in a subbase.

Fine Description and Development Strategy of Fort Cooper Coal Measures in North Bowen Basin of Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1309-1313
Author(s):  
Ze Hong Cui ◽  
Bin Ren ◽  
Zhao Hui Xia ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Block Effect ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Favorable Area

Based on the analysis of coring, logging and experimental data, fine evaluation on Fort Copper Coal Measures (FCCM) of Early Permian Blackwater Group in north Bowen Basin of Australia has been done. FCCM is a potential coal measure. Eight coal seams exist in FCCM. Laterally, they develop steadily. Seams of FCCM characterize interbedding with partings, high ash content, high gas content and mediate-low permeability. The content of partings, which are groups of siltstone, mudstone and tuff, ranges from 15% to 55%. The cumulative thickness of pure coal ranges from 40 to 60 m. The ash content ranges from 20% to 70%, averaging 45%. Coal seams gas content is as high as 7% to 15%, benefitting from the dense rock block effect on the top and bottom, as well as the interplayers. The permeability ranges from 0.1 to 10 mD laterally. Parameters above show FCCM has good developing potential. Western slope of Nebo syncline is suggested as the favorable area, considering its good developing factors such as shallow buried depth of coal seams, relatively high permeability and effective gas preserve environment. Meanwhile, gas in partings can be considered in collaborative development strategy. Developing gas along with ash will be the focus of future development evaluation.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF MULTIVARIATE EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE DEPENDENCE OF THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE OF TRACTOR WHEELS ON THE SOIL FROM TRACTOR’S PARAMETERS AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Хафизов ◽  
Kamil Khafizov ◽  
Хафизов ◽  
Ramil Khafizov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Similarity Criterion ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Regression Equations

A similarity criteria were reveled to determine the dependence of maximum pressure of the tractor wheel on the soil on the basis of the use of similarity theory. Each similarity criterion includes several parameters, characterizing the tractor, its propeller and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The similarity criteria is taken as factors in the multivariate experiment. Multifactorial experimental studies were planned and carried out. We used Statistics Toolbox subsystem of Matlab computer mathematics system for processing the results of experiments. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data by the equation we obtained a dependence of maximum pressure of the tractor wheel on the soil from tractor parameters, and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Statistical data on the equations, such as - multiple correlation coefficient, Fisher’s criterion, Student’s criterion, indicate the significance of equations of the experiments variants, as well as the significance of the coefficients of the regression equations.

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