scholarly journals Effect The Addition Different Concentrations of Sodium Triphosphate and Sodium Lactate on The Microbial Count of Cold Ground Beef Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
K.Y. Al-Mamoori Ahmad ◽  
M. S. Al-Rubeii Amera
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Abstract This study was conducted in the laboratories of Al-Musaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University with the aim of studying the effect of adding sodium triphosphate salts at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% and sodium lactate at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% on the microbial count of ground beef and cooled for 24 hours at a temperature at 4 C. The results of the study indicated an increase in the rate of the total count of bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts and molds in all ground meat samples, not treated with salt, than the permissible limits. As samples of ground meat not treated with trisodium and sodium lactate salts recorded the highest rate in the total Count of bacteria after 24 hours of cold storage at 4 ° C, when they reached 6.544 CFU The Count of these bacteria decreased by increasing the concentration of salts, so the minimal count of bacteria was at a concentration of 2% when adding both salts of sodium triphosphate and sodium lactate together as 3.426 CFU. also found a clear reduction in the count of Psychrophilic bacteria at a concentration of 2% for both salts as recorded the last treatment rate 2.127 CFU It is the minimal count compared to the other treatments, while the control treatments recorded the highest count 6.400 CFU. Also, the addition of different concentrations of sodium triphosphate and sodium lactate led to a gradual decrease in the counts of coliform bacteria, with an increase in the salt concentration, as it reached 1.204 CFU At aconcentration of 2%, while the control treatment was recorded 6.431 CFU It is a the highest value. Also there is a significant difference was found (P <0.05). In the count of yeasts and molds, which were significantly decreased by increasing the concentration of both salts, as they were 1.079 CFU In the last treatment, while the highest count recorded since reached 4.361 CFU When salts are not added. This is a clear indication of the existence of a synergistic action of these salts to reduce the increasing counts of bacteria, yeasts and molds by inhibiting these microbial species with increased concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of Dahi available in Sylhet Metropolitan City

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dey ◽  
A Iqbal ◽  
A Ara ◽  
MH Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Solids Content

The study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of Dahi available in Sylhet Metropolitan City. Dahi samples from five different Sweetmeat Shops namely Fulkoli, Banaful, Mohanlal, Modhuban and Shad were collected and analyzed. Significant difference in chemical (protein, fat, total solids, ash, acidity and pH) and microbiological status was found among different Dahi samples. Of the five Dahi Brands examined, Fulkoli Brand Dhai had the highest protein content (4.58 ± 0.24) and Shad Brand Dahi had the lowest protein content (4.01 ± 0.17). Fat content was highest in Fulkoli Brand (4.02 ± 0.13) and lowest in Shad Brand (2.10 ± 0.21). The highest total solids content was found in Dahi of Shad Brand (38.00 ± 2.23) and lowest total solids content was found in Banaful Brand Dahi (32.02 ±1.50). Highest Total Viable Count (log cfu/ml.) was recorded in the Dahi of Shad Brand (5.92±0.09) and lowest Total Viable Count was recorded in Mohanlal Brand Dahi (5.84±0.06). Coliform bacteria, Yeast and Mould were present in all the samples. From this experiment, it was found that Fulkoli Brand Dahi was the best in quality . Dahi of Banaful and Mohanlal were in 2nd and 3rd position in quality. Keywords: Fermented milk; Evaluation; Chemical analysis; Microbial count; Total viable count DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8748 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 79-83

scholarly journals Effect of Cinnamon and Turmeric Nanoparticles Extract on microorganisms of Fresh Ground Beef During Cold Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
Labeeb ahmed Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Amera Mohammed Al-Rubeii ◽  
Ahmed Sami Al-Salmany
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon and turmeric nanoscale extracts on reducing the microbial load of ground beef stored under refrigerated temperature at 2 ° C for 12 days. The study included six different treatments T1 positive control treatment (adding water), T2 negative control treatment (without addition) and T3. (Curcuma 248.3 ppm), T4 (Curcuma 496.9 ppm), T5 (Cinnamon 83.08 ppm) and T6 (Cinnamon 166.16 ppm). The treatments were kept with storage periods of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, respectively. Some tests were performed to detect microorganisms. The results of the treatments recorded lower values for the total number of bacteria when compared with the two control treatments, and the treatment T6 recorded the lowest values. The results observed that there was a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the numbers of cold-loving bacteria for the treatments to which the cinnamon and turmeric nanoparticles extract was added. Treatment T6 (cinnamon 166.16 ppm) recorded lowest number of cold-loving bacteria, reaching 4.47, 4.57 and 4.77, 5.22 bacterial units/gm. meat. The results of the added treatments showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the logarithm of the number of coliform bacteria compared to the positive control treatments (T1 and T2). In addition, T6 (cinnamon 166.16 ppm) reached lowest number of coliform bacteria and reached 3.69, 3.78, 3.87, 3.99 bacterial units/gm meat. This study concluded that the addition of cinnamon and turmeric nanoparticles extracts to fresh beef and stored by refrigerating for different storage periods. This antibacterial activity assured by a decrease in the logarithm of the total number of normal bacteria, cold-loving bacteria and coliform bacteria, compared with the control treatments for ground beef and cryogenic stock.

scholarly journals Microbial indices of industrial and traditional medicinal herbs in Ahvaz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Abdolghani Ameri ◽  
Maryam Ekhtelat ◽  
Sara Shamsaei
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Indices

Introduction. Medicinal herbs are susceptible to microbial contamination which can have profound effects on the consumer’s health. Our study aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of common medicinal herbs in Ahvaz. Study objects and methods. We collected 80 samples of traditional and industrial medicinal plants from the supply market, namely valeriana, fennel, licorice, and shirazi thyme. The reference method was used to determine microbial indices such as the total count of microorganisms, yeast and mold, Bacillus cereus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Results and discussion. We found that the total microbial count, yeast and mold, B. cereus, and coliform contamination accounted for 45, 77, 55, and 55% of the total samples, respectively, exceeding the allowed limits. There was a significant difference between the industrial and traditional samples in fungal and coliform contamination, with the traditional samples being more highly contaminated. However, no significant difference was observed between them in total count and B. cereus contamination. E. coli contamination was detected in 31.2% of the samples, mostly in traditional. Total microbial count and yeast and mold contamination were highest among valeriana plants. Fennel showed the highest B. cereus and coliform contamination. The lowest contamination was observed in licorice. Conclusion. The results showed that a considerable percentage of the medicinal herbs under study were contaminated at levels exceeding the standard limits. Plants could be contaminated during harvesting, processing or storage. Finally, different species of plants have different antimicrobial activities that affect their microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Bacterial pollution indicators associated in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Ashtamudi lake, a Ramsar site of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothy Lakshmi ◽  
S. Nandakumar ◽  
M.G. Sanal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fecal Streptococci

Fishes are continuously exposed to the microorganisms present in water and in the sediment. The present study was attempted to screen the pollution indicator bacteria in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Kureepuzha Backwater, a part of Ashtamudi Lake. Total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci were enumerated from the fish tissues using standard microbiological procedures. Comparison of bacterial count in the skin, gill and gut of Mugil cephalus revealed that highest count of indicator microbes were found in the skin followed by the gill and gut of fish from all sites except site 4. Fishes from site 4, they show bacteria predominantly in the gut. Two way Anova showed a significant difference in microbial count between sites and between tissues except Total heterotrophic bacteria and fecal streptococci between sites. Results of physico chemical parameters also supports that the anthropogenic activities accumulated in the study area, causing the disruption of hydrological quality of Lake and thus increases the load of detrimental microorganisms. Hence it is recommended that good processing of fish such as washing, scraping scales, removal of gills and gut contents and proper cooking help to reduce microbial pathogen in fish body and make it safe for consumption.

Keeping Quality and Flavor, and Microorganisms, Proteases and Lipases in Raw Cow and Goat Milk at Collection and After Storage

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESTER HANKIN ◽  
DONALD SHIELDS
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Keeping Quality

Raw cow and goat milks for retail sale in Connecticut were examined at collection and after storage at 4.4 and 7.2°C for 7 d for keeping quality, flavor, microorganisms, protein degradation on storage, and protease and lipase activity. Some milks were bottled at the farm, others were placed in containers supplied by the customer. Goat milk retained a satisfactory flavor significantly longer than cow milk. There was no correlation of keeping quality with any microbial count made at collection except for number of coliform bacteria. Significant differences were found in enzyme activity and protein degradation between cow and goat milk. No significant difference was found between milk bottled at the farm and that collected in sterile containers. Over 82% of raw milk samples met the 30,000 per ml state standard for total aerobic count (SPC) and 72% met the coliform standard of 50 per ml.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF YOGHURT SAMPLES FROM GOATS AND COWS MILK AND COMMERCIAL RETAIL OUTLET

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Obatolu ◽  
E. A. Adebowale ◽  
F. Omidokun ◽  
E. O. Farinde
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Count Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineral Acidity

This paper compared the chemical (Proximate and mineral), acidity, microbial count and organoleptic properties of yoghurt samples produced from Nigeria locally bred goat and cow milk with commercially retail yoghurt during 14days of refrigerated storage. Yoghurt production was conducted by inoculation of the milk samples at 43oC for 6hrs with 2% of streptococcus thermophillus and lactobacillus bulgarus active culture. The total ash content of yoghurt ranges from 0.23g/100g in the commercial yoghurt sample to 0.84g/100g in yoghurt from goat  milk which is considered significantly higher than that observed for yoghurt from cow milk. The commercially retail yoghurt had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total solid matter than yoghurt from goat and cow milk. Calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in the commercial yoghurt (0.28%) to a significant higher value of 0.28% in goat milk. A statisitically significant drop in pH values was observed in the commercial yoghurt sample after one and two week storage compared to yoghurt from goat and cow milk. High lactic acid bacteria were observed in yoghurt from cow milk with lactococci group being higher than the lactobacilli group throughout the storage period. The yeast count range from a significant low (P < 05) value of 2.22 cfu/ml-1 in commercial yoghurt sample to 3.22 and 3.24 in goat and cow milk respectively on day zero of storage. By the 7days of storage, the commercially retail yoghurt was significant (P < 0.05) least desirable with respect to colour, taste and overall acceptability while there was no significant difference in the consistency of all the yoghurt samples.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

scholarly journals Effects of Insecticides for Controlling Hogplum Beetle Podontia 14-punctata under Laboratory and Field Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
MJ Uddin ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hog Plum

Experiments on hogplum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata were carried out to find out the suitable insecticide(s) with appropriate dose(s) for suppressing both larvae and adults. Results revealed that the highest mortality (100%) was found in 1st instar larvae after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505EC and the lowest mortality was in T4 treated leaves. The highest mortality was also found in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and adult stages of hog-plum beetle by T5 and T6 treatments. No mortality was observed in control treatment in laboratory trial. The mean number of larvae ranged from 1.5 to 7.6 per square meter of quadrate at one week after last spray. No significant difference was observed among treatments regarding percent leaf infestation at one day before 1st spray. The percent leaf infestation ranged from 5.01 to 9.82 at one week after last spray. The lowest percent (5.87%) leaf infestation was found in T6 treated plants while the highest percent (15.76%) leaf infestation was found in untreated control plants. The highest mortality was observed in T5 and T6 treated plants at all larval instars and no significant difference was found between two doses of each insecticide under field condition. The results of field trial also revealed that the minimum dose (0.75 ml L-1 of water) of Superior 505 EC is sufficient to suppress the field population of larvae and adults of Podontia 14-punctata effectively. Finally, it may be concluded that the highest mortality was found in all larval instars and adult stage of hog-plum beetle after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505 EC (T5 and T6 treatments) both in laboratory and field trials.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 79-83 2015

scholarly journals Study of indole butyric acid (IBA) effects on cutting rooting improving some of wild genotypes of damask roses (Rosa damascena Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardin Nasri ◽  
Arsalan Fadakar ◽  
Mahmood Saba ◽  
Bayzid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Rose

Rosa damascena is very important for essential oil production, medicinal properties and it is also widely cultivated as a garden rose. The Rose species is mainly propagated by stem cutting. In the present study, the effect of different levels of 0, 500 and 1,000 mg l-1 (quick dip method for 20 s) of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 12 wild genotypes (including: Kurdistan 1 to Kurdistan 12) of R. damascena was investigated. The results show that the rooting ability of R. damascena differs significantly between the twelve genotypes. The highest rooting (79.56%) and callus production (69.08%), number of roots (8.33), root fresh and dry weights (361.80 and 244.74 mg, respectively) were recorded in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA. The maximum root length (5.84 cm) was observed in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 500 mg l-1 IBA that showed a significant difference compared to the control treatment (0.96 cm). The highest number of leaves per bud (7.33 at 500 mg l-1 IBA) and number of buds (5.00 at 1,000 mg l-1 IBA) were recorded in Kurdistan 1 genotype. The current study demonstrated that the different genotypes of R. damascena were in a difficult-toroot state, which suggests that cutting treatment with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA overcame the problem of the difficult-to-root state, and it can also enhance the rooting percentage in the studied genotypes.

Effects of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on induced resistance of canola to Brevicoryne brassicae L

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sattari Nasab ◽  
M. Pahlavan Yali ◽  
M. Bozorg-Amirkalaee
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit profitable crop production either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of biostimulants. In this study, the effects of humic acid, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and integrated application of both compounds were investigated on life table parameters of B. brassicae, and the tolerance of canola to this pest. B. brassicae reared on plants treated with these compounds had the lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with control treatment. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were lowest on PGPR treatment (0.181 ± 0.004 day−1 and 1.198 ± 0.004 day−1, respectively) and highest on control (0.202 ± 0.005 day−1 and 1.224 ± 0.006 day−1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0) under treatments of humic acid, PGPR and humic acid + PGPR was lower than control. There was no significant difference in generation time (T) of B. brassicae among the tested treatments. In the tolerance test, plants treated with PGPR alone or in integrated with humic acid had the highest tolerance against B. brassicae. The highest values of total phenol, flavonoids, and glucosinolates were observed in treatments of PGPR and humic acid + PGPR. Basing on the antibiosis and tolerance analyses in this study, we concluded that canola plants treated with PGPR are more resistant to B. brassicae. These findings could be useful for integrated pest management of B. brassicae in canola fields.

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