scholarly journals A review: The utilization and its benefits of liquid smoke from lignocellulosic waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
I Winarni ◽  
Gusmailina ◽  
S Komarayati
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbamic Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract In the integrated charcoal technology, the smoke arising from the process is flowed into a pipe which is cooled, so that the smoke turns into a liquid, so it is called liquid smoke. Therefore, the technology to produce liquid smoke is environmentally friendly. The raw material used in the process of making wood vinegar is generally in the form of lignocellulose waste which contains lignin and cellulose such as wood waste, bamboo waste, oil palm shell waste, coconut shell waste and others. With simple technology input, liquid smoke can be produced from this waste, which has many benefits. The method to produce the liquid smoke was through a process of charcoal or pyrolysis which produces three forms of solid products, namely charcoal, products in the form of gases, namely smoke, and products in the form of liquids, so called tar and liquid smoke; and the main component as a characteristic of liquid smoke were acetic acid, phenolic and carbamic acid. Phenol is the compound that plays the most role in liquid smoke, because it is antibacterial and antifungal and inhibits fat oxidation. Therefore, liquid smoke with its various benefits can be a solution for the problems of pets and bacteria in agriculture or environmental pollution.

PKM Pelatihan Dan Workshop Pembuatan Briket Arang Dan Asap Cair Pada Perkebunan Kakao Di Desa Budi Mukti Kecamatan Damsol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Sitti Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cocoa Shell ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Partnership Program ◽  
And Training

This Community Partnership Program involved partners of farmer group in Budimukti Village, Damsol District,Donggala Regency, namely Panca Jaya and Subur Jaya farmer groups. Problems faced by both partners were: a) Cocoa shellsaround the cocoa plantations were increasingly piling up and left without handling because there was no technology toprocess the waste to have economic value to improve community’s standard of living. b) The surrounding community did notknow that cocoa shells can be processed to be charcoal briquettes as an alternative fuel to replace kerosene and to be liquidsmoke as a natural insecticide and preservative. c) They did not have skills in making charcoal briquettes and liquid smokefrom cocoa waste as raw material. The program aimed at improving farmers' knowledge and skills in designing technology tomake charcoal briquettes from cocoa shell waste and techniques in making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste and theirrespective uses. The methods used were counseling and training as well as the practice of designing technology to makecharcoal briquettes and assembling technology for making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste. Assistance to members ofpartnership groups was carried out with Participatory Methods. Extension activities were carried out in an effort to improvetheir knowledge, while training and demonstration plots were carried out in an effort to accelerate the process of technologytransfer to the community. The end results of this program were the increase in farmers’ knowledge and the availability oftechnology packages for making charcoal briquettes and making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste, so that the targetgroups can be independent in carrying out business activities using cocoa shell waste using the technology that had beenpracticed, on an ongoing basis

scholarly journals Cellulose Compound of Cacao Waste and Chemical Composition of Cacao Vinegar with GC-MS Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wijaya. M ◽  
Muhammad Wiharto ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cocoa Shell

<p>Potential of cacao resources at Indonesian is very dependent on the production of cacao produced by farmers and plantation availability. However, the cacao processing results are still not optimal to increase the cacao production. This is due to the disruption of pests and the number of cacao farmers over land functions for fast growing plants. Processing cacao produced cacao waste and with the use of pyrolysis technology is able to cope with the accumulation of plantation waste. This combustion results in liquid smoke of cacao (cacao vinegar) into distillate, charcoal. This study used pyrolysis temperature between 100-500 °C. The aim of this research is to analyze the cocoa waste and the results are cellulose content 17,27%, lignin 52,02% and hemicellulose 19,56%. The results of GC-MS analysis for cacao vinegar of Distric Wajo are acetic acid, n butane, methyl ester, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, cyclopenanone, 2 methyl pyridine, acetyloxy 2 propanone, butyrolactone, tetrahydro 2 furan methanol, 2,3 dimethyl 2 cyclopentene 1 on and Mequinol. The water content of the charcoal of cacao shell from Wajo district is 3.42%. The analysis results of the bound carbon content of activated charcoal of cacao shell is 54.45%. The EDS analysis for cacao shell from Wajo district resulted in C: 61.12%, O: 36.65%, Si: 0.59%, P: 1.48% and Al: 0.17%. Utilization of cocoa shell waste using pyrolysis technology can reduce carbon emissions to the environment. So that the development of everything can continue and the sustainability of forest remain sustainable.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Qualitative terpene profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes

Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Diaz Rocha ◽  
Vitória EA Silva ◽  
Fernanda CS Pereira ◽  
Valery M Jean ◽  
Fabio L Costa Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract With the upcoming medical Cannabis regulation, quality control methods on raw material will be required. Besides testing for contaminants and potency, there are also pharmaceutical and forensic interests in the determination of the terpene profile in different strains of Cannabis as complementary identification methods. A simple non-destructive HS-SPME GC-MS method was used to identify the terpene content in twelve Cannabis samples, four of them were of the hemp type (Harle-tsu), seven from various marihuana types and one of the intermediate type. They all were previously analyzed by HPLC to determine the potency (THC and CBD content). Spectral library matching was used to identify the terpenes compounds. Thirty terpenes compounds were detected, nine of them were present in all Cannabis samples and used to find their terpene profile: α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, terpinolene, linalool, caryophyllene, α-bergamotene and humulene. Three of them, caryophyllene, α-pinene and β-myrcene were found as larger components in most of samples. A principal components analyses (PCA) was performed. The four hemp type samples showed two different profiles, two samples showed caryophyllene as main component and the others two with β-myrcene as such. The marihuana type samples showed wider profiles with no clear patterns at all, which is not surprising because of the low number of samples. The simple methodology shows viable to set the terpenes profile for analyses of raw Cannabis material. Suitability for differentiation between different sorts of types needs more studies, with increasing numbers of samples.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri dari Simplisia Basah Ranting dan Daun sebagai Alternatif Subtitusi Kulit Batang Cinnamomum burmannii Blume

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Mery Budiarti ◽  
Wahyu Jokopriambodo ◽  
Ani Isnawati
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Marker Compound ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Material Scarcity

The bark of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume is the main raw material of Cinnamomum oil because its cinnamaldehyde content is higher than in the other parts. This condition lead to the exploitation of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume bark without any cultivation effort, thus it can cause the raw material scarcity. Twigs and leaves of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume are also known to contain cinnamaldehyde therefore it provide a potential alternative source of cinnamaldehyde. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristic of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume essential oil which includes refractive index, profiling of chemical constituent and percentage of cinnamaldehyde as a marker compound. This research used three fresh Cinnamomum burmannii Blume simplicia of bark, twigs and leaves from two selected growing locations: Tawangmangu and Purwokerto. Simple water distillation method was conducted, together with characterization and refractive index using refractometer, followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed Cinnamomum burmannii Blume oil derived from bark, twig and leaf have different profiles, but all have cinnamaldehyde as the main component. The leaf produces higher essential oil yield percentage compared to the twig with a cinnamaldehyde content that is comparable to the bark by 50% of cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamomum bark oil.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterizations of clay from Keur Saër (Senegal)

Clay Minerals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mbaye ◽  
C. A. K. Diop ◽  
B. Rhouta ◽  
J. M. Brendle ◽  
F. Senocq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThere is interest in exploiting and developing natural resources, particularly deposits of natural clays. Senegal has several clay mineral deposits for which chemical and mineralogical compositions have been little studied. Some of these natural materials are nowadays used in pottery and ceramics. To extend applications, a better basic knowledge is required and, for this objective, the raw clay and separated <2 μm clay fraction from Keur Saër (Senegal) were subjected to chemical and mineralogical studies. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurements and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to characterize the material. It was found that the raw clay and the separated clay fraction consist of a mineral mixture in which kaolinite is the main component. 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectra show the presence of silicon atoms linked to three other silicon atoms via an oxygen atom and six coordinated Al atoms. Significant increases in the specific surface area and cation exchange capacity were observed on purification, reaching a maximum of about 73.2 m2g–1 and 9.5 meq/100 g for the separated fine clay fraction while the values for the raw material were around 28.9 m2g–1 and 7.3 meq/100 g.

Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device that Makes Straw Cuts Suitable for Efficient Biogas Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Ancza ◽  
Monika Bakosné Dioszegi ◽  
Miklos Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past

Due to its natural features and agrarian practices of the past centuries, Hungary is rich in biomass. This organic material is worth considering when selecting a method to produce biogas, which so far has not been used significantly in the country. It is known that some pretreatments of biomass can make the digestion of organic compounds easier, and thus accelerating the process of biogas production. This study describes a hydrodynamic device that makes straw cuts suitable for energetic use as lignocellulosic “waste”. Two types of raw material were available for the biogas fermentation after the treatment: the separated concentrate and the filtered liquid. The methane content of the biogas produced from the concentrate, was 58% and was considered to be an average value for the production of biogas from waste. However the methane concentration in the biogas generated from the filtrate was 87% and is considered outstanding for the production of biogas using the process.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana from Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Palá-Paúl ◽  
Jaime Usano-Alemany ◽  
Elena Granda ◽  
Ana-Cristina Soria
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The essential oils extracted from the young stems and leaves of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana(A.Murray) Parl. have been analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. A total of 66 compounds were identified representing around the 99% of the total oil. The oil was richer in monoterpenes than in sesquiterpenes. The only main component was limonene with a percentage composition of 77.7%. The rest of compounds that contribute to the fragrance had percentage composition lower that the 3.0%: p-cymen-7-ol (3.0%), myrcene (2.4%), camphor (2.1%), δ-elemene (1.6%), oplopanonyl acetate (1.6%), methyl perillate (1.3%), terpinen-4-ol (1.0%) and β-oplopenone 1.0%. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of this oil was also tested against different microorganisms. The only fungus tested, Candida albicans,was very sensitive to the treatment with an inhibition halos of 20mm. The oil was more effective with the Gram (+) than with Gram (-) bacteria. The inhibition halos were 12mm, 12-13mm and 12-13mm for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus respectively. We report new data of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of this species. The essential oil of C. lawsoniana could be considered as a good natural antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Preparation of Porous Ti Plate with Nanograde Pore Size by Dip-Coating Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Min Jing Zhan ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Hua Lei Cui ◽  
Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Withdrawal Velocity ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Simple Technology

The porous Ti plates with nanograde pore size were successfully prepared by dip-coating technique, using stainless steel plates as support and 400mesh Ti powders as raw material. The stainless steel plates were firstly dipped into Ti slurry and then pulled out with desired withdrawal velocity. After sintered in a vacuum furnace, stainless steel supports were removed by aqua regia. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, sanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results had shown that the thickness and pore characters of porous Ti plates could be controlled by adjusting the withdrawal velocity. When the withdrawal velocity was controlled between 0.2mm/s and 1mm/s, the porous Ti plates had smooth surface without cracks and the most pores were interconnected. The maximum pore diameters could be less than 300nm and the porosities of porous Ti plates are more than 4.9%. The kind of preparation method has advantages of simple technology, easy operation and high purity. These indicated that the porous sintering Ti plates were promising to be used as ultrafilter membranes.

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