Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device that Makes Straw Cuts Suitable for Efficient Biogas Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Ancza ◽  
Monika Bakosné Dioszegi ◽  
Miklos Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past

Due to its natural features and agrarian practices of the past centuries, Hungary is rich in biomass. This organic material is worth considering when selecting a method to produce biogas, which so far has not been used significantly in the country. It is known that some pretreatments of biomass can make the digestion of organic compounds easier, and thus accelerating the process of biogas production. This study describes a hydrodynamic device that makes straw cuts suitable for energetic use as lignocellulosic “waste”. Two types of raw material were available for the biogas fermentation after the treatment: the separated concentrate and the filtered liquid. The methane content of the biogas produced from the concentrate, was 58% and was considered to be an average value for the production of biogas from waste. However the methane concentration in the biogas generated from the filtrate was 87% and is considered outstanding for the production of biogas using the process.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON METHANE OUTPUT FROM BOG SLUDGE AND CRUSHED REED RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Sergejs Osipovs ◽  
Aleksandrs Pučkins ◽  
Mihails Pupiņš ◽  
Jeļena Kirilova ◽  
Juris Soms
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The research summarizes information on biochemical processes of biogas production and the parameters that affect the results of its production. The research examines the result of obtaining biogas from bog sludge and a mixture of crushed reed. Particular attention is given to temperature, as a parameter that affects the results of methane and biogas production.The yield of biogas and methane during the bioprocess depends on the effect of temperature. During the experiment, 2.78 L of biogas with an average methane content of 38.7% was obtained from a mixture of bog sludge and crushed reeds. If the content of organic compounds in the sludge was higher, the biogas yield would increase during the process. It is more advantageous to use the raw material mixture for biogas production. 

scholarly journals Variation of Mixed Banana peel Substrate and Cow Dung in Biogas Pressure as a Learning Source for Renewable Energy Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Puspitawati Puspitawati ◽  
Riswanto Riswanto ◽  
Nyoto Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Average Value ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Gas Ratio

The supply of world energy resources is increasingly depleted. The abundance of cow manure and banana peel can cause environmental pollution. It can be used as raw material for biogas because both materials have a high methane gas ratio. This research is an experiment with six variations in the amount of mixture in each experiment. Results of the research on gas pressure and the best biogas production results using 1-litre banana peel substrate and 4-litre cow dung. Data shows that the gas pressure is faster and is greater when the pH of the mixture is acidic 6.2, the mixture is thick green and has a strong odour. Gas pressure on day 20 is obtained by 106421 Pascal. The average value of the results of the validation of the learning resources of the three aspects of an assessment is 82.3%; it shows that the poster can be used as a learning resource.

scholarly journals Metal oxides and ultraviolet light-based photocatalytic pretreatment of biomass for biogas production and lignin oxidation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1747-1762
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rasheed ◽  
Farrukh Jamil ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metal Oxide Catalysts ◽  
The Past

Lignocellulosics are abundant and readily available as the raw material for the production of biogas. However, the structure of this raw material needs to be modified to increase its digestibility during anaerobic fermentation. Various pretreatment methods that have been proposed in the past have been examined; however, the focus of the present study was to pretreat a wheat straw (WS) substrate using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with a metal oxide photocatalyst combined with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Four different metal oxides were examined at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% dosages (w/w) coupled with UV irradiation for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. Experimental results revealed that among all metal oxide catalysts examined, only the 4% CuO combined with 180 min UV irradiation caused the most lignin to be released from the WS. This resulted in the highest vanillic acid (VA) being produced (4.32 ± 0.15 mg VA/g VS). This WS pretreatment also resulted in a biomethane potential (BMP) assay of 384 ± 16 NmL CH4/g VS. The BMP assay results revealed a maximum 28% increase in biodegradability and a 57% increase in methane production. The use of either metal oxide catalysts or UV irradiation alone resulted in ineffective WS pretreatment.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Structural and Bioactive Studies of Halogenated Constituents from Sponges

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2335-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Dayong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tyrosine Derivatives ◽  
Polyunsaturated Lipids

: Marine organisms are abundant sources of bioactive natural products. Among metabolites produced by sponges and their associated microbial communities, halogenated natural compounds accounted for an important part due to their potent biological activities. The present review updates and compiles a total of 258 halogenated organic compounds isolated in the past three decades, especially brominated derivatives derived from 31 genera of marine sponges. These compounds can be classified as the following classes: brominated polyunsaturated lipids, nitrogen compounds, brominated tyrosine derivatives and other halogenated compounds. These substances were listed together with their source organisms, structures and bioactivities. For this purpose, 84 references were consulted.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Innovations in anaerobic digestion: a model-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Postawa ◽  
Jerzy Szczygieł ◽  
Marek Kułażyński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increasing the efficiency of the biogas production process is possible by modifying the technological installations of the biogas plant. In this study, specific solutions based on a mathematical model that lead to favorable results were proposed. Three configurations were considered: classical anaerobic digestion (AD) and its two modifications, two-phase AD (TPAD) and autogenerative high-pressure digestion (AHPD). The model has been validated based on measurements from a biogas plant located in Poland. Afterward, the TPAD and AHPD concepts were numerically tested for the same volume and feeding conditions. Results The TPAD system increased the overall biogas production from 9.06 to 9.59%, depending on the feedstock composition, while the content of methane was slightly lower in the whole production chain. On the other hand, the AHPD provided the best purity of the produced fuel, in which a methane content value of 82.13% was reached. At the same time, the overpressure leads to a decrease of around 7.5% in the volumetric production efficiency. The study indicated that the dilution of maize silage with pig manure, instead of water, can have significant benefits in the selected configurations. The content of pig slurry strengthens the impact of the selected process modifications—in the first case, by increasing the production efficiency, and in the second, by improving the methane content in the biogas. Conclusions The proposed mathematical model of the AD process proved to be a valuable tool for the description and design of biogas plant. The analysis shows that the overall impact of the presented process modifications is mutually opposite. The feedstock composition has a moderate and unsteady impact on the production profile, in the tested modifications. The dilution with pig manure, instead of water, leads to a slightly better efficiency in the classical configuration. For the TPAD process, the trend is very similar, but the AHPD biogas plant indicates a reverse tendency. Overall, the recommendation from this article is to use the AHPD concept if the composition of the biogas is the most important. In the case in which the performance is the most important factor, it is favorable to use the TPAD configuration.

scholarly journals Bodies Out of Time: Sculpting Queer Poetics and Queering Classical Sculpture in the Poetry of C. P. Cavafy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Poetry ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek World

AbstractTwo major themes dominate the poetry of the Alexandrian poet, C. P. Cavafy: homosexual desire and Greekness, broadly defined. This paper explores the interconnectivity of these motifs, showing how Cavafy’s poetic queerness is expressed through his relationship with the ancient Greek world, especially Hellenistic Alexandria. I focus on Cavafy’s incorporation of ancient sculpture into his poetry and the ways that sculpture, for Cavafy, is a vehicle for expressing forbidden desires in an acceptable way. In this, I draw on the works of Liana Giannakopoulou on statuary in modern Greek poetry and Dimitris Papanikolaou on Cavafy’s homosexuality and its presentation in the poetry. Sculpture features in around a third of Cavafy’s poems and pervades it in various ways: the inclusion of physical statues as focuses of ecphrastic description, the use of sculptural language and metaphor, and the likening of Cavafy’s beloveds to Greek marbles of the past, to name but three. This article argues that Cavafy utilizes the statuary of the ancient Greek world as raw material, from which he sculpts his modern Greek queerness, variously desiring the statuesque bodies of contemporary Alexandrian youths and constructing eroticized depictions of ancient Greek marbles. The very ontology of queerness is, for Cavafy, ‘created’ using explicitly sculptural metaphors (e.g. the repeated uses of the verb κάνω [‘to make’] in descriptions of ‘those made like me’) and he employs Hellenistic statues as a productive link between his desires and so-called ‘Greek desire’, placing himself within a continuum of queer, Greek men.

scholarly journals Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Jan Martin Zepter ◽  
Jan Engelhardt ◽  
Tatiana Gabderakhmanova ◽  
Mattia Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Integrated Energy Systems ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Plant Simulation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biogas plants may support the transformation towards renewable-based and integrated energy systems by providing dispatchable co-generation as well as opportunities for biogas upgrading or power-to-X conversion. In this paper, a simulation model that comprises the main dynamics of the internal processes of a biogas plant is developed. Based on first-order kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, the biogas production of an input feeding schedule of raw material can be estimated. The output of the plant in terms of electrical and thermal energy is validated against empirical data from a 3-MW biogas plant on the Danish island of Bornholm. The results show that the model provides an accurate representation of the processes within a biogas plant. The paper further provides insights on the functioning of the biogas plant on Bornholm as well as discusses upgrading potentials of biogas to biomethane at the plant from an energy perspective.

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