scholarly journals Cellulose Compound of Cacao Waste and Chemical Composition of Cacao Vinegar with GC-MS Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wijaya. M ◽  
Muhammad Wiharto ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cocoa Shell

<p>Potential of cacao resources at Indonesian is very dependent on the production of cacao produced by farmers and plantation availability. However, the cacao processing results are still not optimal to increase the cacao production. This is due to the disruption of pests and the number of cacao farmers over land functions for fast growing plants. Processing cacao produced cacao waste and with the use of pyrolysis technology is able to cope with the accumulation of plantation waste. This combustion results in liquid smoke of cacao (cacao vinegar) into distillate, charcoal. This study used pyrolysis temperature between 100-500 °C. The aim of this research is to analyze the cocoa waste and the results are cellulose content 17,27%, lignin 52,02% and hemicellulose 19,56%. The results of GC-MS analysis for cacao vinegar of Distric Wajo are acetic acid, n butane, methyl ester, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, cyclopenanone, 2 methyl pyridine, acetyloxy 2 propanone, butyrolactone, tetrahydro 2 furan methanol, 2,3 dimethyl 2 cyclopentene 1 on and Mequinol. The water content of the charcoal of cacao shell from Wajo district is 3.42%. The analysis results of the bound carbon content of activated charcoal of cacao shell is 54.45%. The EDS analysis for cacao shell from Wajo district resulted in C: 61.12%, O: 36.65%, Si: 0.59%, P: 1.48% and Al: 0.17%. Utilization of cocoa shell waste using pyrolysis technology can reduce carbon emissions to the environment. So that the development of everything can continue and the sustainability of forest remain sustainable.</p><p> </p>

PKM Pelatihan Dan Workshop Pembuatan Briket Arang Dan Asap Cair Pada Perkebunan Kakao Di Desa Budi Mukti Kecamatan Damsol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Sitti Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cocoa Shell ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Partnership Program ◽  
And Training

This Community Partnership Program involved partners of farmer group in Budimukti Village, Damsol District,Donggala Regency, namely Panca Jaya and Subur Jaya farmer groups. Problems faced by both partners were: a) Cocoa shellsaround the cocoa plantations were increasingly piling up and left without handling because there was no technology toprocess the waste to have economic value to improve community’s standard of living. b) The surrounding community did notknow that cocoa shells can be processed to be charcoal briquettes as an alternative fuel to replace kerosene and to be liquidsmoke as a natural insecticide and preservative. c) They did not have skills in making charcoal briquettes and liquid smokefrom cocoa waste as raw material. The program aimed at improving farmers' knowledge and skills in designing technology tomake charcoal briquettes from cocoa shell waste and techniques in making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste and theirrespective uses. The methods used were counseling and training as well as the practice of designing technology to makecharcoal briquettes and assembling technology for making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste. Assistance to members ofpartnership groups was carried out with Participatory Methods. Extension activities were carried out in an effort to improvetheir knowledge, while training and demonstration plots were carried out in an effort to accelerate the process of technologytransfer to the community. The end results of this program were the increase in farmers’ knowledge and the availability oftechnology packages for making charcoal briquettes and making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste, so that the targetgroups can be independent in carrying out business activities using cocoa shell waste using the technology that had beenpracticed, on an ongoing basis

scholarly journals Effect of pyrolisis temperature and time on liquid smoke characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Rizki Amalia ◽  
Ekanzha R Kamny
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Frond

Oil palm frond is a lignocellulose material, by pyrolysis, it will produce liquid smoke which have many advantages because of the compounds, such as acetic acid, carbonyls and phenolics contained in it. The pyrolysis of oil palm fronds in this study carried out at temperatures 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C for 40 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. There were 3 parameters observed in this study, they were acetic acid, phenolics and carbonyl contents which were analyzed by GC-MS instrument. The results of the study showed that the different temperatures and times of pyrolysis affected the content of chemical components in liquid smoke and acetic acid was the most dominant component obtained in the liquid smoke. The highest acetic acid content in the liquid smoke obtained was 92,30% at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C for 120 minutes. Meanwhile, the highest total phenolic content obtained was 7,32% at pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C for 120 minutes and the highest carbonyl content obtained was 32,56% at the pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C for 60 minutes

scholarly journals Chemical composition of liquid smoke from coconut shell waste produced by SME in Rongkop Gunungkidul

2020 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
W A Rizal ◽  
K Nisa’ ◽  
R Maryana ◽  
D J Prasetyo ◽  
D Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Shell Waste

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] for Liquid Smoke Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00038
Author(s):  
Rita Dwi Ratnani ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽  
Widiyanto Widiyanto ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Smoke Production

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed into the pyrolysis. The product was observed for its content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C. The results showed that water hyacinth contains hemicellulose 36 % d.b, cellulose 21 % d.b and lignin 7 % d.b which it potential to be a raw material for liquid smoke production. The effect of temperature was significant on liquid smoke products. It was proven that the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke was obtained for 0.2 mL per 100 g, 12.3 mL per 100 g and 16.3 mL per 100 g dried biomass water hyacinth at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF THE MOLLUSC SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA BY USING GC-MC

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Substances

It has been discovered that mollusca produce a secondary metabolite and in the same time bear its important role in its ecosystems so became a strategic target for the development of noble bioactive substances for marine pharmacology. The current study of mollucs symbiotic bacteria showed that from species of Conus miles, Stramonita armigera, Cymbiola vespertilo and from based on screening of symbiotic bacteria in the Mollusc toward some bacteria , 3 isolates had been had good performance in inhibiting the grow of bacteria and to be the best candidates for a new antibiotic based on result of screening consistency. Size and character inhibiting zone resulted toward test bacteria were TCM, TCAand TOV. The research aims to current study of characteritic of symbiotic bacteria from mollucs that produce a new anti-pathogenic bacteria by using GC-MS method. GC-MS result showed that fraction TCM-6.1 consist of some compounds, that are Nitrogen oxide (N2O) (CAS) Nitrous oxide; Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid; Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS) Isobutyric acid and fraction TOV12.16 consist of compound such as Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS)Isobutyric acid; Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-(CAS) 2-Methylbutanoid acid then fraction TSA8.7 consist of 1,2-Propadiene (CAS) Allene. The research pointed towards the three active symbiotic bacteria seems to be promising since this three candidates potential result for the development of a new antibiotic.Keywords: Bacteria simbiont, mollusc, anti-bacteria, bioaktif compound

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF THE MOLLUSC SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA BY USING GC-MC

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Substances

<p>It has been discovered that mollusca produce a secondary metabolite and in the same time bear its important role in its ecosystems so became a strategic target for the development of noble bioactive substances for marine pharmacology. The current study of mollucs symbiotic bacteria showed that from species of Conus miles, Stramonita armigera, Cymbiola vespertilo and from based on screening of symbiotic bacteria in the Mollusc toward some bacteria , 3 isolates had been had good performance in inhibiting the grow of bacteria and to be the best candidates for a new antibiotic based on result of screening consistency. Size and character inhibiting zone resulted toward test bacteria were TCM, TCAand TOV. The research aims to current study of characteritic of symbiotic bacteria from mollucs that produce a new anti-pathogenic bacteria by using GC-MS method. GC-MS result showed that fraction TCM-6.1 consist of some compounds, that are Nitrogen oxide (N2O) (CAS) Nitrous oxide; Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid; Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS) Isobutyric acid and fraction TOV12.16 consist of compound such as Propanoic acid,2-methyl-(CAS)Isobutyric acid; Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-(CAS) 2-Methylbutanoid acid then fraction TSA8.7 consist of 1,2-Propadiene (CAS) Allene. The research pointed towards the three active symbiotic bacteria seems to be promising since this three candidates potential result for the development of a new antibiotic.</p><p>Keywords: Bacteria simbiont, mollusc, anti-bacteria, bioaktif compound</p>

scholarly journals Pemurnian Asap Cair Hasil Torefaksi Cangkang Sawit dengan Cara Destilasi dan Filtrasi dengan Arang Aktif

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Lilis Rosmainar ◽  
Angeline Novia Toemon ◽  
Made Dirgantara
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Acetic Acid Content ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Main Components

The liquid smoke produced from the torrefaction process of oil palm shells has the potential to be used as an antiseptic base for hand sanitizer and disinfectant products. It is due to its high phenol and acetic acid content. Apart from phenol and acetic acid, there are many other compounds that must be separated in the hope of obtaining liquid smoke with the main components of acetic acid and phenol, which function as antibacterial agents. This research begins with the production of liquid smoke through a torrefaction process. The liquid smoke obtained is distilled at 150 oC and followed by adsorption with activated charcoal for the purification process. The pH value and acetic acid content in the purified liquid smoke were determined and analyzed using GC-MS to determine the chemical compounds. The pH value has decreased after the refining process by distillation, and activated charcoal is inversely proportional to the increase in acetic acid levels after purification. Based on GC-MS analysis results, it can be seen that the levels of acetic acid, phenol, propanoic acid, and 2-propanone increased after distillation. The loss of 1,2-Benzenediol and 2-Furancarboxaldechde compounds shows that distillation of liquid smoke at 150oC is effective for separating the heavy fraction of liquid smoke. Furthermore, the distilled liquid smoke is filtered using activated charcoal. The GC-MS analysis results showed that the filtration results with activated charcoal could increase acetic acid and propanoic acid levels in liquid smoke.

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

The influence of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. J. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Sister Chromatids

It is well known that there is a strong influence of fixation, i.e., acetic methanol versus formaldehyde, on the chromosome morphology at stages of the first meiotic division. In this study the influence of both these types of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes was examined in human lymphocytes. After methanol – acetic acid (3:1) fixation, the chromosomes show the "classical" condensed shape in which it is not always possible to recognize the two sister chromatids. These chromosomes are accessible to the conventional G-, R-, and C-banding techniques. After formaldehyde fixation at a relatively high pH, the chromosomes are thinner and longer (two to six times) when compared with chromosomes following methanol – acetic acid fixation. They show a scaffold-like morphology, sometimes with a halo of thin material around it. In all cases the two sister chromatids could be recognized. This chromosome structure could be easily stained with silver, Giemsa, 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), and fluorescein isocyanate isomere 1 (FITC). The results obtained following these stainings gave no indication to any specific chemical composition of a probable central scaffold. The scaffold-like structures were not accessible to G-, R-, or C-banding techniques. The only effect observed following these banding techniques was the disappearance of the halo of thin material around the central scaffold-like structure.Key words: chromosome structure, fixation influence, human lymphocytes.

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