Physical and chemically changes in limestone intruded by trachytic dyke: implications for cement raw material

Abstract Limestone samples intruded by trachyte dike from the Tonasa Formation in Bantimurung, Indonesia have been investigated for their suitability for cement manufacturing. The objective of this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the limestone surround an intrusion with the petrographic and XRF methods. Field observation shows a gradation of color (reddish to grey) away from intrusion contacts. Petrographic analysis shows metasomatic indication by the presence of garnet and wollastonite within the limestone at 0 - 20 meters from the intrusion contact. The geochemical analysis shows a decreasing degree trend of CaO2, and Fe2O3, however SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO increase towards the intrusion contact. According to the petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicate the limestone fulfills requirements as raw material for cement, even though the ideal composition for the cement industry is the limestone which is located between 20 - 70 meters from the intrusion contact.

Download Full-text

OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF FLY ASH AS AN ADDITIVE PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT (PCC)

SPEKTRA Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.21009/spektra.042.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 61-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leni Rumiyanti ◽

Listiani Listiani ◽

Tika Damayanti

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Setting Time ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Insoluble Residue ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Free Lime ◽

Composite Cement ◽

Ideal Composition ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Ideal

Research has been carried out on the optimization of the use of Lahat Fly Ash as an Additive Portland Composite Cement (PCC) which aims to determine the optimum conditions for adding Lahat fly ash to produce cement with physical and chemical requirements in accordance with SNI 7064:2014 and discover the ideal composition of cement with fly additions Lahat ash from various cement compositions. The quality analysis in making PCC cement is chemically in the form of Insoluble Residue (IR), Loss of Ignition (LOI), and free lime (FCaO) as well as the quality of physics in the form of Blaine, setting time, and cement mortar compressive strength. The results obtained after the process of making PCC cement with the addition of 14% Lahat fly ash, namely PCC cement in optimum conditions with physical and chemical requirements in accordance with SNI 7064: 2014 where the ideal composition of PCC cement manufacture is 14% Lahat fly ash, clinker 62%, 3% gypsum, 18% limestone, and 3% pozzolans in making PCC cement. Therefore, Lahat fly ash can be used as an alternative mixture in making PCC cement.

Download Full-text

Nori Level of Preference with Mixed Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum Seaweed as Raw Material

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2019/v11i230059 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdurrahman Faris ◽

Evi Liviawaty ◽

Yuli Andriani ◽

Eddy Affrianto

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Biological Resources ◽

Research Level ◽

Physical Testing ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Crude Fibre Content

This research aimed to obtain the best nori from a mixture of Sargassum sp and Eucheuma spinosum seaweed and the most preferred by panellists. The research's method used in this study is an experimental method with 3 treatments comparing the seaweed between Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum that is 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 then tests that used are hedonic test with 20 semi-trained panellists who have experience in organoleptic assessment as replications, physical and chemical tests were also tested for the best treatment according to hedonic test. This research was conducted at the Fisheries Product Processing Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, while the chemical and physical testing of the final results of the research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Resources and Biotechnology at LPPM Institut Pertanian Bogor. This research was conducted on February 28, 2019, until March 8, 2019. Based on the results of the research level of preference of nori, it was found that all treatments carried out were still acceptable to the panellists, but the treatment with a ratio of 1: 1 was more preferred by panellists. Chemical characteristics of the Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum, namely water content contained in the amount of 15.67%, crude fibre content of 11.7% and physical characteristics of the hardness of 300.78 gf, also thickness with nori 0.347 mm.

Download Full-text

Impacts of Thermal Heating Phosphogypsum on the Physiochemical Properties of Blast Furnace Slag Cement

10.21203/rs.3.rs-764364/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bassam Ahmed ◽

Mahmoud Ahmed Taher ◽

Adel Mohamed Amine

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Thermal Heating ◽

Slag Cement ◽

Physiochemical Properties ◽

Cement Manufacturing ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Furnace Slag

Abstract Within approximately 50 years, 1.0 × 108 tons of Phosphogypsum have already been produced and collected. Nearly 85 percent PG byproduct has been stored, only15 percent has been reprocessed. Lowering disposal of waste materials offers both environmental and economic advantages. Physical and chemical characteristics of Blast furnace slag cement after partial and full replacing of raw gypsum with samples prepared from BFSC-PG at various temperatures (200–1000°C) are formed by blending different proportions with PG have been studied. The results validated the application of calcined Phosphogypsum at 800 and 1000 degrees Celsius rather than raw gypsum in cement manufacturing.

Download Full-text

Empowerment of Mushroom Business Groups through Identifying the Composition of "Japigo" Mushroom Chips in Gondangmanis Village

Khazanah ◽

10.20885/khazanah.vol12.iss2.art26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nugroho Hasan ◽

◽

Agustianingrum Agustianingrum ◽

Intan Yuli Nur Khasanah ◽

Muhammad Rizal Khadafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Business Group ◽

Raw Material ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Selling Price ◽

The People ◽

Before And After ◽

Ideal Composition ◽

Oyster Mushrooms ◽

Rural Appraisal ◽

The Ideal

Oyster mushroom is one of the mushrooms that is often cultivated by the people of Indonesia because it is edible and has high nutrition, is easy to process, and is affordable. One way to use oyster mushrooms is by processing it into food products. Oyster mushroom processing carried out by the Gondangmanis Mushroom Processing Business Group is in the form of mushroom chips. Identification of the composition of mushroom chips is carried out to (1) determine the ideal composition of mushroom chips (2) determine the selling price of mushroom chips. The method used is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which focuses on the participation of members of the Gondangmanis Mushroom Processing Business Group in its implementation with a series of activities to identify raw material prices, processing mushroom chips, packaging mushroom chips, and determining the price of mushroom chips. Measuring the success of the program was done by comparing the composition of the mushroom chips before and after the program. The results obtained are the composition of the typical “Japigo” oyster mushroom, and the price of mushroom chips is IDR 14,000 per 100 grams.

Download Full-text

Manifestations and causes of meromixis in lakes resulting from mineral extraction in Czechia

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie2010115010096 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 96-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomáš Hrdinka ◽

Miroslav Šobr

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Specific Character ◽

Mineral Extraction ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Morphometric Feature ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

Anthropogenic lakes (lakes that have developed in mined-out pits as a consequence of mineral raw material mining) exhibit many interesting phenomena. Specific water features are the most remarkable, including physical, chemical and the biological characteristics. Other very specific morphometric feature of anthropogenic lake basins include the unusual location of the lake’s water surface: often several dozen meters below the adjacent terrain and the specific character of the mined-out raw materials. All of these factors affect the qualitative characteristics of lake’s water, even decades after flooding. The interaction of the factors mentioned above has resulted in the creation of a permanent meromixis in some anthropogenic lakes. The author’s primary objectives are to present some physical and chemical symptoms of meromixis at selected localities, to discuss the mutual interaction between the physical and chemical characteristics of lake water and to explore some probable causes of the origin of meromixis at the selected localities.

Download Full-text

CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAGEM E QUALIDADE DA MATÉRIA PRIMA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA DERIVADORA DE ALIMENTOS A BASE DE MILHO

Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento ◽

10.32358/rpd.2017.v3.246 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 18-33

Author(s):

Samara Pereira Dias ◽

Jamir Rauta ◽

César Augustus Winck

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Storage System ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Direct Influence ◽

Storage Process ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical

The storage process, in some way, has a direct influence on the production and status of the derived final product. It was possible to verify in this case study that the storage system of the company is deficient, needing improvements, especially when entering the raw material for production. Such problems, such as impurities, broken and burned grains, are generated in the warehouse itself, due to lack of prudence and coordination. Findings that contradict the objective of storage that is the conservation of the particularities of the grains and that may detract from the attributes of the end product in terms of taste, physical and chemical characteristics and visual conditions. Among the possible causes of the disturbances are the lack of maintenance of the machines, inefficient aeration and thermometry gauging. As a suggestion, besides the improvements on the mentioned problems, the implantation of management and strategy of inventories, of programs and quality control, development of the producing agents, planning and methods of solution of problems. The decline in the quality of the raw material, corn, can result in chain effect, damaging the final product, thus damaging the financial results of the organization.

Download Full-text

KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA MIKROENKAPSULAN ANTOSIANIN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PENGOLAHAN PATI UBI JALAR UNGU (Physicochemical Characteristics of Anthocyanin Microencapsulant from Wastewater of Purple Sweet Potato Starch Processing)

Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.23960/jtihp.v25i2.98-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Dessy Wiriani ◽

Elisa Julianti ◽

Hotnida Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Raw Material ◽

Natural Food ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Purple Sweet Potato ◽

Physical And Chemical

Wastewater from starch processing of purple sweet potato (PSP) was rich in anthocyanin, so it can be used as raw material for natural pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are unstable under processing conditions so microencapsulation is carried out to maintain their stability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin concentration as an encapsulant agent on the physical and chemical characteristics of microencapsulant of anthocyanin derived from wastewater of PSP starch processing. Wastewater from PSP starch processing was concentrated using a water bath at 10 oC for 10 hours. The crude extract of anthocyanin obtained then was microencapsulated by spray drying technique using maltodextrin as an encapsulant agent. Maltodextrin was added at concentration 15%, 25%, and 35% (w/w). The anthocyanin microencapsulants produced then were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics. The results showed the increasing of maltodextrin concentration will increase the L* value (lightness), b* value (greenness), ohue, solubility, hygroscopicity, but decrease the anthocyanin content, a* value (redness) and and antioxidant activity (IC50). The microstructure of anthocyanin microencapsulant has a spherical shape with a curve on its surface. The addition of 15% maltodextrin produces the best characteristics of anthocyanin microencapsulant with anthocyanin content 40.80 ppm, IC50 36.27 ppm, solubility 52.80% and color value (oHue) 11.17 (red purple). These characteristics indicate that anthocyanin microencapsulant from wastewater of PSP starch processing can be applicated as natural food colorant.Keywords: anthocyanin microencapsulant, purple sweet potato, wastewater, maltodextrin

Download Full-text

Characterization of defects in tabular silver halide grains

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178367 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1046-1047

Author(s):

C. Goessens ◽

D. Schryvers ◽

J. Van Landuyt ◽

A. Verbeeck ◽

R. De Keyzer

Keyword(s):

Radiation Damage ◽

Silver Halide ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

X Ray ◽

Free Region ◽

Central Defect ◽

Crystallographic Defects ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Two Sides

Silver halide grains (AgX, X=Cl,Br,I) are commonly recognized as important entities in photographic applications. Depending on the preparation specifications one can grow cubic, octahedral, tabular a.o. morphologies, each with its own physical and chemical characteristics. In the present study crystallographic defects introduced by the mixing of 5-20% iodide in a growing AgBr tabular grain are investigated. X-ray diffractometry reveals the existence of a homogeneous Ag(Br1-xIx) region, expected to be formed around the AgBr kernel. In fig. 1 a two-beam BF image, taken at T≈100 K to diminish radiation damage, of a triangular tabular grain is presented, clearly showing defect contrast fringes along four of the six directions; the remaining two sides show similar contrast under relevant diffraction conditions. The width of the central defect free region corresponds with the pure AgBr kernel grown before the mixing with I. The thickness of a given grain lies between 0.15 and 0.3 μm: as indicated in fig. 2 triangular (resp. hexagonal) grains exhibit an uneven (resp. even) number of twin interfaces (i.e., between + and - twin variants) parallel with the (111) surfaces. The thickness of the grains and the existence of the twin variants was confirmed from CTEM images of perpendicular cuts.

Download Full-text