scholarly journals Assessment of winter soft and durum wheat varieties for resistance to yellow and dark brown spots

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022123
Author(s):  
N Shishkin ◽  
T Derova ◽  
N Kovalenko ◽  
M Ivanisov ◽  
O Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Scientific Institution ◽  
Dark Brown Spot

Abstract Winter wheat varieties sown in the Rostov region are characterized by varying degrees of resistance to pests. The size and quality of the wheat harvest are threatened not only by weather conditions, but are reduced by various pathogens, among which yellow and dark brown spots have recently played a large role. Therefore, the aim of the research is to search for sources of resistance among varieties and samples of winter wheat to the causative agents of pyrenophora (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and dark brown spot (Cochliobolus sativus). Resistant varieties serve as an ideal factor inhibiting epiphytotics and improving the ecological environment in general. Disease monitoring was carried out in research and production teams of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy”. Laboratory research - in the laboratory of mycology and phytopathology of the All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection. The object of research is 226 varieties and samples of winter soft and durum wheat obtained from the department of selection of winter wheat of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the ANC “Donskoy”. It was established: in laboratory conditions (VIZR), 15 varieties and samples showed high resistance to yellow spot in soft winter wheat of intensive type. In studies on resistance to dark brown spot out of 155 samples of winter soft wheat, no highly resistant ones were found.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

Protein and wet gluten contents in winter wheat grain samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hegedűs ◽  
Z. Szentpétery ◽  
K. Kassai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Protein Versus

The milling and baking quality of wheat is mainly determined by the genetic basis, but may also be influenced by management techniques. Series of winter wheat varieties were examined under identical agronomic conditions in the experimental years of 1996-2001. Weed control, the rate and application time of nitrogen top dressing, the use of insecticide and fungicide and the climate of the production year were evaluated as main factors. In the present study two major characteristics: the protein and gluten content of grain samples, were examined. The effect of nitrogen fertilization proved to have the strongest impact on both quality indexes. no significant quality differences were induced by the various means of weed control. Plant protection treatments had a rather diverse effect on the contents of the protein and gluten in certain years. The protein and gluten values were correlated in all the experimental treatments, but the level of the correlation showed considerable variation. The effect of crop year proved to be the strongest, followed by fertilization, from among the quality-determining factors. The protein versus gluten correlation was also found to be the closest in the case of nitrogen top dressing applications.

scholarly journals Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
O. Markovska ◽  
T. Hrechyshkina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Agrarian science has faced the problem of is the humanity provision with food, the major part of which is provided by grain crops. Winter wheat the most fully uses the existing bioclimatic potential of the Ukrainian regions. The highest productivity of this crop can be obtained with the use of modern adapted varieties with high genetic potential of productivity taking into account the soil-climatic conditions of the zone, improvement and development of highly effi cient, scientifi cally grounded systems of nutrition and plants protection against harmful organisms. The article presents the results of the research conducted in 2017–2019 on dark brown medium-loam low-saline soils under the conditions of the experimental fi eld of State Enterprise Experimental Farm “Kopani” of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS of Bilozersky district of Kherson region. The infl uence of varietal characteristics, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer system, biological and chemical methods of disease protection on the productivity of winter wheat plants was investigated. The fi eld, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the experiment according to the generally accepted methods and guidelines in Ukraine. It was found out that the highest level of productivity was formed by wheat plants of Maria winter variety on the background of application of pre-sowing cultivation of mineral fertilizers at a N30P30 dose with the use of foliar fertilization with organic-mineral fertilizer ROST, solution (2.0 l/ha) at the beginning of the restoration of spring vegetation and in a stage of the fl ag leaf and chemical protection of plants using fungicide – Colossal, emulsion concentrate (1.0 l/ha). Thus, on average during the years of research, the grain yield in this variant was 4.96 t/ha, the number of productive stems – 411 pieces/m2, the number of grains in the ear – 27.6 pieces, the mass of 1000 grains – 51.5g. When using the chemical method of protection to control dark brown spotting (Drechslera sorociniana Subram) of winter wheat, the rate of development of the disease ranged 2.0–3.1 %, and the eff ectiveness ranged 83.1 – 89.4 %. Key words: fertilizers, biologicals, fungicide, yield, foliar feeding, plant protection.

scholarly journals Screening of wheat varieties of the Russian breeding for resistance to brown rust

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V. D. Agapova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
G. V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The results of immunological assessment of varieties of durum and soft winter wheat bred by the Agrarian Scientific Center Donskoy for resistance to leaf rust are presented. The experiment was carried out in Krasnodar Territory in 2016–2019. Screening of 86 selection samples (63 varieties of durum winter wheat and 23 samples of soft winter wheat) was carried out in an artificial infectious environment. To infect plants, a population collected during route surveys of production and selection crops of winter wheat was used. The varieties were assessed according to two criteria: the type of reaction (in points) and the degree of damage (in percent) during the period of maximum disease development. Screening of the samples was carried out during three growing seasons; for the second and third years of the study, resistant varieties were selected with the reaction type of 1.2 points and the degree of damage of no more than 10%. The degree of damage on the susceptibility control reached from 50 to 80%. As a result of the study, the samples of durum winter wheat were ranked as follows: 16 resistant samples, 26 medium-resistant, 20 medium-susceptible, 1 susceptible. Among the samples of soft winter wheat, 6 resistant samples were identified, 11 medium-resistant, 5 medium-susceptible, 1 susceptible. Over 3 years of research, 16 resistant samples of durum winter wheat were identified (465/15, 502/15, 515/15, 537/15, 597/15, 663/15, 681/15, 694/15, 730/15, 742 / 15, 753/15, 979/15, 996/15, 993/12, 1035/15, 417/13) as well as 6 resistant samples of soft winter wheat (134/11, 1415/11, 1765/14, 1074/14, 1813/14, Tanais). As a result of the screening, a high percentage of varieties resistant to leaf rust was found. The sources of resistance that were identified have been recommended to be included in wheat breeding programs for pathogen resistance in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals New sources of powdery mildew resistance among winter bread wheat for adjusting the breeding immunological programs in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Т. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Systematic work on the development of winter wheat varieties possessing resistance to a complex of the most harmful diseases has been carried out in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” since the early 1970s. During this period, there has been created a large number of varieties that possess resistance to 3–4 diseases in conditions of infectious backgrounds of pathogens. Due to the analysis of varieties, there was identified a small number of varieties resistant to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, annually occurs on wheat, affecting all aboveground plant organs. Earlier the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” developed and widely cultivated the medium-resistant varieties ‘Tanais’ (2006), ‘Nakhodka’ (2015), ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Lilit’ (2016), ‘Volnitsa’ (2017), ‘Polina’, Yubiley Dona’ , ‘Podarok Krymu’ (2018), ‘Niva Dona’ (2019). In recent years, breeders have developed such varieties with high resistance to the pathogen as ‘Donskaya Step’ (2016), ‘Premiera’, ‘Univer’ (2018), ‘Priazovye’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (2020). But the breeding process of varieties for resistance to powdery mildew is difficult, since it is explained by the small number of effective resistance genes and their sources. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify new sources of resistance to the pathogen. Under the conditions of artificial infection, during last 10 years there was conducted a testing of 302 varieties and samples of winter wheat of domestic and foreign breeding. There have not been identified immune varieties. There was identified a small percentage (15.2) of varieties that were resistant to the pathogen. Among the Russian varieties they were ‘L 3191 k-5-8’, ‘Akhmat’, ‘Alievich’, ‘Barier’, ‘Ulyasha’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, which were not attacked by the disease over the years of testing. Among foreign varieties, the varieties ‘Bombus’, ‘Sailor’ (France), ‘Etana’, ‘Rotax’, ‘KVS-Emil’ (Germany), ‘Fidelius’ (Austria), ‘MV 09-04’ (Hungary) were identified as the best ones in their resistance to powdery mildew. All identified sources of resistance have been recommended in breeding programs for immunity.

Resistance to wheat midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in winter wheat and the origins of resistance in spring wheat (Poaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
R.I.H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractNine winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) (Poaceae) were the source of the Sm1 gene for resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in spring wheat. All nine showed antibiosis characteristic of Sm1, as expected. They also showed oviposition deterrence and reduced hatch, which contributed to overall resistance. The overall level of resistance of the nine winter wheat cultivars was usually lower than that of resistant spring wheat lines in laboratory trials, but equally high in a field trial. Five of seven other North American winter wheat cultivars also showed resistance. Three of these were grown in the 1920s and earlier, before wheat varieties were officially registered. One of these, “Mediterranean”, came from Europe in the 1880s and may be the origin of Sm1 in North America. Two of 11 Chinese winter wheat lines showed resistance to wheat midge but at a lower level than that characteristic of Sm1. Widespread resistance in North American winter wheat cultivars was unexpected because wheat midge has not been a pest of winter wheat for many decades. North American winter wheat cultivars can provide sources of resistance to wheat midge, particularly high levels of oviposition deterrence as exhibited by “Goens” and “Rawhide”.

scholarly journals ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К СТЕБЛЕВОЙ РЖАВЧИНЕ У ИНТРОГРЕССИВНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ TRITICUM TIMOPHEEVII ZHUK.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Khlebova ◽  
N. V. Barysheva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Timopheevii ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Introgressive Lines

<p>Breeding for long-lasting resistance to pathogens in cultivated crops is possible only in the presence of various donors of immune genes. Distant hybridization is considered as the main way to solve strategic tasks in this direction. Tetraploid endemic wheat Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. has a complex immunity to harmful fungal diseases and can be a valuable source of useful genes to create immune wheat varieties. A genetic analysis of the factors determining the resistance to Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. et Henn. in three durum wheat introgressive lines derived from T. timopheevii has been carried out. The study of the genetic control of resistance to stem rust was performed by hybridological analysis in F1 – F3 hybrid generations derived from the crossing immune lines with an initial variety of durum wheat. Infectious background was created in the experimental field by inoculating plants at tillering stage with race 17. We discovered three genes have determined the resistance in both HT-10 and HT-12 lines: one dominant, one recessive and one dominant complementary to the first two genes. HT-7 line carries in its genome four genes: two dominants, one semi dominant providing the resistance at complementary interaction with another dominant gene. Independent inherited factors of resistance to stem rust in T. timopheevii are localized in different linkage groups, exhibiting homology with the durum wheat chromosomes. The possibility of the using new sources of resistance to protect wheat crops from plant pathogens was discussed.<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight Using a Doubled Haploid Population Derived from Southeastern United States Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties AGS 2060 and AGS 2035

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Alejandro Castro Aviles ◽  
Stephen Alan Harrison ◽  
Kelly Joseph Arceneaux ◽  
Gina Brown-Guidera ◽  
Richard Esten Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat, causing significant loss of yield and quality worldwide. Warm and wet conditions during flowering, a lack of resistant wheat varieties, and high inoculum pressure from corn stubble contribute to frequent FHB epidemics in the southern United States. The soft red winter wheat variety AGS 2060 is moderately susceptible (as opposed to susceptible) to FHB and regularly found in pedigrees of resistant breeding lines. AGS 2060 does not carry any known resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL). A QTL mapping study was conducted to determine the location and genetic effect of its resistance using a doubled haploid mapping population produced from a cross between wheat varieties AGS 2060 and AGS 2035 (FHB susceptible). The population was genotyped using the Illumina iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for wheat and phenotyped in Baton Rouge and Winnsboro, Louisiana and Newport, Arkansas in 2018 and 2019. The effect of genotype was significant for Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content across all locations and years, indicating genetic variation in the population. The study detected 13 QTLs (one each on chromosome 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B, and two each on 5A and 5B) responsible for the reduction of FDK and/or DON. Of these, nine QTLs for FHB resistance were identified in Winnsboro, Louisiana, in 2019. QTLs on chromosomes 2A and 7A could be valuable sources of resistance to both DON and FDK over several environments and were likely the best candidates for use in marker-assisted selection. Consistently expressed QTLs on chromosomes 5A, 6B, and 7A were potentially newly identified sources of resistance to FHB in soft red winter wheat.

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