scholarly journals Basic Principles of Creating and Using the Waste-free Technologies in the System of Recycled Water Supply and Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032015
Author(s):  
N M Asratyan ◽  
I V Kornilova ◽  
S P Dyrin ◽  
A Z Nigamaev ◽  
A M Rafikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The need to protect the environment makes it necessary to significantly change the general approaches to environmental efficiency of production, to minimize the impact on nature at the present level of productivity and quality. Today instead of the temporary measures aimed at overcoming the effects of pollution, the long-term measures are being taken more and more often at the design and construction stages to nullify the causes of pollution in advance rather than to have its effects in the future. The processes and devices that have been previously used to collect and dispose the industrial waste are now considered a passive approach to environmental protection. The matter is that the amount of waste generated during the production process remains almost unchanged, and this does not meet the new environmental requirements. The active approach involves creating the modern low-waste and non-waste technologies that can efficiently use raw materials in production processes, as well as converting the waste into easily recyclable components that are least harmful to the environment. The article considers the conceptual principles that show the essence of the active approach to improving the industrial technologies in order to protect the environment. It is mainly focused on studying the features of recycled water supply and water purification.

Fundamentals and Main Provisions of the Functional-Procedural Concept of Mental Deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-525
Author(s):  
Yuliana M. Terletska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Mental Phenomenon ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The Impact

Science still does not have a single scientifically sound concept of mental deprivation, which would explain its psychological essence, this mental phenomenon cannot be adequately assessed, or measures to prevent or eliminate negative mental phenomena it provoked cannot be developed. The article aims to reveal the basic principles and substantiate the main provisions of the functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation. Psycho-energetic and energy-psycho-functional approaches were used, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, specification, comparison, generalisation, and grouping of knowledge about the human psyche. The functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of humans covers an interconnected system of provisions. According to them, mental deprivation is a course of more or less powerful destructive processes in the functioning of his psyche. Such processes arose from the destruction of mental parameters in various areas due to long-term unfulfilling necessary for normal functioning and development. The development of a functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of a human will make it possible, first, to adequately define its essence and content in the scientific dimension as a phenomenon of the psyche; secondly, to assess its impact on the functioning of the whole psyche; third, to disclose the impact on development or its delay, actions, behaviour, and activities of an individual; fourth, to develop psychotherapeutic measures to prevent the occurrence of mental deprivation and eliminate its negative consequences.

Analysis of the Impact of Water-Supply Outages Due to Multiple Factors Caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Kuwata ◽  
◽  
Tasuku Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Restoration Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Water

The Tohoku earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, caused water-supply outages to 2.2 million households in 187 cities and towns. This earthquake impacted on natural and social events, adversely affecting the water-supply system. For instance, there were long-term disruptions of regional water supplies, long-term electric power outages, extensive liquefaction damage, and damage caused by the tsunami. These multiple factors made the damage pattern complex, and water-supply restoration was delayed even though seismic ground motion was moderate. This study attempts to elucidate the factors that caused water-supply restoration to be delayed following the earthquake and to measure the earthquake impact on water-supply outages in terms of restoration time and the households affected by the water-supply outage. As a result, the long restoration time for the water supply following the Tohoku earthquake could be explained by a combination of factors, including restoration time for electric power and regional water supplies and pipeline repair in liquefaction areas, in addition to time for pipeline repair following past earthquakes. Pipeline repair required twice the time compared to past earthquakes.

scholarly journals Log Truck Value Analysis from Increased Rail Usage

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sangpil Ko ◽  
Pasi Lautala ◽  
Kuilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
The Impact

Over the past several decades, the transportation of raw materials (logs) has increasingly shifted from the railway to trucks. However, the long-term sustainability of this shift is being questioned due to the shortage of truck drivers, fluctuation of fuel prices, and changes in hours of service laws. The industry is interested in the possibility to shift more logs back to the railway but the impact of such a shift on truckers has not been investigated. This study attempted to quantify the impact of such a change on the operations of log truckers by calculating time efficiency (percentage of daily hours of service for revenue activities) and value efficiency (average loaded versus total ton-kilometers per day) between a truck only and multimodal (truck/rail) alternatives. We used actual data from the forest products industry companies and truck performance data from an earlier study to investigate the impact through case studies in four different locations of the upper Midwest, US. The results of our analysis revealed that in three out of our four case studies, re-routing log movements through rail yard/siding improved the time efficiency and value efficiency. Finally, our sensitivity analysis found that increases in average truck speed and maximum hours or service had higher impact on multimodal transportation than in truck-only system.

Impact of reservoir operations and climate variability on regulated flow regimes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ferrazzi ◽  
Roberto Vivian ◽  
Gianluca Botter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Reservoir Operations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
The Impact

<p>The simultaneous growth in climate-driven fluctuations of river flow regimes and global freshwater demand threatens the security of anthropogenic and ecologic uses of streamflows. Dams have long been designed to reconcile the conflict between patterns of human water uses and the temporal variability of flows, and are operated worldwide. In this context, there is a need to understand the combined influence of reservoir operations and climate variability on regulated streamflow regimes, and disclose whether observed hydroclimatic fluctuations can be accommodated by existing reservoirs. Here, these issues are addressed through a quantitative analysis of flow regime alterations by dams as driven by heterogeneous uses and variable regulation capacities (i.e., storage capacity scaled to the average inflow). In particular, the concept of streamflow stability is used to compare inter-annual changes in the occurrence probability of synchronous flows observed upstream and downstream of dams. The selection of structures considered in this study is distributed throughout the entire Central-Eastern United States, so as to span heterogeneous hydroclimatic settings and reservoir functions (i.e., flood control, water supply, hydropower production and multi-purpose). Our results reveal that reservoirs devoted to flood control and those operating for water supply produce distinctive impacts on flow regimes. Flood control does not alter the mean discharge downstream, but decreases long-term discharge variability and, thus, homogenize regional flow dynamics. However, regulation for flood control is unable to mitigate the impact of variable climate drivers on the stability of streamflows and hydroclimatic fluctuations typical of unregulated regimes are transferred unaltered in downstream reaches, or even amplified. Water supply, instead, reduces the mean flow of regulated reaches but increases the long-term streamflow variability, thereby enhancing the regional heterogeneity of flows. In this case, regulation smooths inter-annual changes of flow regimes, though at the cost of systematically filtering out medium-to-high discharges, with negative consequences on stream ecosystems. The observed connection between reservoir functions and the features of downstream flow regime alterations by dams represents a critical step forward for a sustainable management of water resources.</p>

scholarly journals Globalization’s Impact on the Usages of Imported and Local Building Materials in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 971-975
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Materials

The process of choosing building materials is an essential part of the design process. Whenever architects and interior designers start to think about a project, one of the first things they consider is the materials that will be used in the production of the project. There is little research exploring the impact of globalization on the level of using imported and local building materials in Jordan. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the impact of globalization on the level of using imported and local building materials in Jordan and explore the impact of using imported building materials on the level of using local building materials in Jordan. For the purpose of this study, data gathered about the usage of imported building materials in Jordan and analyzed to observe any drops of rises of using specific building materials. Also, this data was used to understand the most common imported building materials used. This study requires a total understanding of the relationship between globalization and building materials and their impact on the economy and the usage of imported and local building materials. comprehension of this relationship will make it possible to find solutions to integrate the use of imported building materials and local materials. Globalization impact can be observed in other sectors in Jordan. The building materials market is being affected by the phenomenon of globalization. It was found that there is a noticeable increase in imported building materials or raw materials that are needed to manufacture building materials. If the attitude toward the usage of local building materials in Jordan keep decreases and relying on imported building materials in the construction section, there will be a recession in the local building materials in Jordan. Having this recession will have a greater impact on the building materials and local factories in the long term.

scholarly journals Barriers to sustainable development of municipalities with resource specialisation of the economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Sevastyanova ◽  
Victor Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies demonstrate that the goals of economic growth frequently take precedence over addressing social problems and problems of environmental degradation. The manifestations of this imbalance differ from country to country depending on the stage of development of the productive forces, and institutional framework that ensures the creation and adoption of new practices and approaches to exploitation of natural resources. This problem is entirely inherent into the economies of resource regions. The paper aims to examine the impact of the extraction of raw materials demanded by the national economy on the problems and prospects of the long-term sustainable development of northern Russian localities. Methodologically, the research rests on the theory of inclusive development and evolutionary economic geography. The comparative analysis of the formation of local budgets and dynamics of the Okrug in Russia reveals that the degree of their financial sufficiency depends insignificantly on the scales and dynamics of raw material production. The legislation on assigning revenues to local budgets takes into account the specifics of the northern oiland gas-producing territories rather poorly. The financial capabilities of local communities do not allow handling existing ecological problems. The growth in hydrocarbon production in current institutional conditions does not guarantee sustainable long-term development for such territories. Addressing environmental issues requires instituting serious changes at federal and regional levels, including making the alterations to the articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. It is also crucially important to give financial incentives to introduce new technologies, provide research grants, lower labour taxes, and raise taxes on the use of natural resources.

scholarly journals Lean Management Practices’ Effects on Brazilian Firms: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-108
Author(s):  
Filipe Lage de Sousa ◽  
Mauricio Canêdo-Pinheiro ◽  
Bernardo Pereira Cabral ◽  
Glaucia Estefânia de Sousa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation Outcomes

One of the key drivers for a firm's productivity growth is management. One lean management practice considered cost-effective is Kaizen. Originally from Japan, the Kaizen basic concept is continuous improvement with the involvement of the full workforce. Using a firm-level dataset from Brazil's innovation and manufacturing surveys, this paper evaluates quantitatively whether Kaizen has impacted the performance of domestic firms. Our initial results suggest a productivity premium on Kaizen adopters, yet when it materializes is not detectable in the short term. Moreover, the impact on innovation is observable after Kaizen implementation. Understanding these outcomes with a qualitative approach, our analysis highlights the importance of Kaizen on innovation, especially by improving worker's time at the production line as well as the long-term vision of Kaizen on productivity. In summary, Kaizen is not a magic wand that improves firms’ performance in a wide array of indicators yet it may boost innovation outcomes in the short term aiming to improve productivity in the long term if it is implemented carefully and persistently, as established by its basic principles.

Modelling of the impact of future climate changes on salt accumulation in paddocks of different soil types due to recycled water irrigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhitur Rahman ◽  
Dharma Hagare ◽  
Basant Maheshwari ◽  
Peter Dillon ◽  
Golam Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Impact

Recycled water contains elevated amounts of salt compared with irrigation water originating from surface water sources. As such, recycled water, if used for irrigation over a long period of time may increase the root zone salinity. However, the phenomenon depends on variability of climatic condition and soil characteristics. In this study, a salt transport model, HYDRUS 1D, was used to predict long-term salt accumulation in two paddocks containing loamy sand and loam soil. The paddocks are located within Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury campus. Impact of rainfall on salt accumulation was studied with the data from the Global Climate Model for the years 2021–2040. The long-term (20 years) salt accumulation showed a cyclical pattern because of variation in rainfall and evapotranspiration. It was found that soil water electrical conductivity (ECSW) was 24% higher in loam soil paddock compared with that of loamy sand. Amount of leachate in the loamy sand paddock was 27% more than the amount leached from that of loam, which may pose a salinity risk to the groundwater if there is a perched aquifer in the field at a depth <1 m. Results from this study indicate that salt accumulation depends on soil type which seems to be more pronounced under low rainfall condition.

scholarly journals The Global Experience of Deployment of Energy-Efficient Technologies in High-Rise Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia D. Potienko ◽  
Anna A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Darya N. Solyakova ◽  
Yulia E. Klyueva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Compositional Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research is to examine issues related to the increasing importance of energy-efficient technologies in high-rise construction. The aim of the paper is to investigate modern approaches to building design that involve implementation of various energy-saving technologies in diverse climates and at different structural levels, including the levels of urban development, functionality, planning, construction and engineering. The research methodology is based on the comprehensive analysis of the advanced global expertise in the design and construction of energy-efficient high-rise buildings, with the examination of their positive and negative features. The research also defines the basic principles of energy-efficient architecture. Besides, it draws parallels between the climate characteristics of countries that lead in the field of energy-efficient high-rise construction, on the one hand, and the climate in Russia, on the other, which makes it possible to use the vast experience of many countries, wholly or partially. The paper also gives an analytical review of the results arrived at by implementing energy efficiency principles into high-rise architecture. The study findings determine the impact of energy-efficient technologies on high-rise architecture and planning solutions. In conclusion, the research states that, apart from aesthetic and compositional interpretation of architectural forms, an architect nowadays has to address the task of finding a synthesis between technological and architectural solutions, which requires knowledge of advanced technologies. The study findings reveal that the implementation of modern energy-efficient technologies into high-rise construction is of immediate interest and is sure to bring long-term benefits.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Russia’s Specialisation in Mutual Trade with the Countries of the EAEU

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
D. I. Ushkalova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

The subject of our research was the analysis of changes in the specialisation of Russia in mutual trade with the countries of the Customs Union — the Common Economic Space — the Eurasian Economic Union since the beginning of the functioning of the single customs territory. The work aims to characterise the impact of the integration process within the CU-SES-EAEU on the commodity structure of Russian exports to the grouping countries and the possibilities for realising Russia’s export potential in the markets of the partner countries. The author examines the most important trends and factors in the evolution of the commodity structure of mutual trade within the EAEU and Russia’s exports to these countries, assesses the importance of the EAEU countries for the realisation of the export potential of Russia. The study concluded that the integration process had a positive effect on the commodity structure of Russia’s exports to the EAEU countries: during the unification, the share of mineral products in total exports decreased by one third, while the share of machinery and chemical products, food products and agricultural raw materials rose. The author substantiated that the EAEU states are the most important market for Russian goods with a high share of value added and their importance is increasing. Nevertheless, the prospect for further realisation of the export potential of Russia in the markets of the EAEU countries is very ambiguous and will be determined by two factors: the growth rate of the Russian economy and the real achievements in the field of shaping long-term integration effects.

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