scholarly journals Natural and anthropogenic systems as an ecological basis for the formation of an urban landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042034
Author(s):  
T V Gaifutdinova ◽  
A M Gaifutdinov ◽  
R M Galiev ◽  
R R Khusnutdinova ◽  
A R Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

Abstract Natural and anthropogenic systems are the result of the transformation of natural systems included in the city boundaries. They form the basis for the formation of the urban landscape and are the centers of action of natural processes. They actively influence the development of urban infrastructure. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny is a large industrial center, the second largest in terms of population (more than 500,000 inhabitants) in the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a part of the Russian Federation. Using this city as an example, the article examines such natural and anthropogenic systems as: river valleys, gully-ravine systems and forest plantations that make up the ecological structure of an urban landscape. They are classified according to the degree of their change as a result of anthropogenic impact. There are revealed peculiarities of their influence on the development of the city’s environment.

Environmental and Epidemiological Aspects of V. cholerae O1 Contamination of Water Bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
EA Moskvitina ◽  
EG Yanovich ◽  
ML Kurilenko ◽  
VD Kruglikov ◽  
AK Noskov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Chemical Water

Background: Within the framework of cholera surveillance in the Russian Federation, annual isolation of nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains from water bodies is registered in the Republic of Kalmykia. This fact is the rationale for the present study and analysis of data on contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 with account for some environmental and quality indicators of water bodies used for recreational purposes. Objective: To study contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 as a component of cholera control surveillance in the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and methods: We used notifications issued by Offices of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, passports for V. cholerae O1 strains, and information from “Cholera vibrios. Russia” database for 1991–2019. Results: In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, several outbreaks, sporadic and single imported cases of cholera were registered in the republic. The total of 446 strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor were isolated during the analyzed period. The PCR analysis identified them as V. cholerae O1 ctxA–tcpA– and V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+. We observed an increasing trend in the number of isolated strains with the approximation coefficient of 0.374 against its general decrease in the country in 1991–2019. Strains were isolated annually, mainly from the Elista River, Zayachy Pond and other water bodies with poor microbiological and chemical water quality parameters. V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+ were isolated mainly at the wastewater discharge sites, which indicated their imported origin, along with V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– with InDel and PCR genotypes not previously found in this region. We consider the contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– and V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+ as prerequisites for possible deterioration of the local epidemiological situation due to cholera importation from endemic areas. Conclusion: When analyzing the pollution of water bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia with V. cholerae O1, we established a long-term annual isolation of cholera vibrios from some water bodies in the city of Elista, including Elistinka river, Zayachy and Kolonsky ponds, notorious for poor microbiological and chemical water quality indicators. The contamination was mainly attributed to domestic wastewater discharge and poorly treated effluents of sewage treatment plants into the Elistinka river within the city boundaries, as well as watercourses from hollows. This proves the imported origin of the bacterium confirmed by isolation of V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– with InDel- and PCR-genotypes not previously found in this region.

Ecodiagnostics of ethno-natural processes in the European region of Russia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kochurov ◽  
Petr Merkulov ◽  
Svetlana Merkulova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The book deals with theoretical issues of ecodiagnostics, interaction of ethnic groups and landscapes, analyzes the history of the development of the geo-ecological approach and ethnocultural landscape studies in geographical science. The stages of interaction between human society and the natural environment on the territory of the ethnogenesis of the Mordovian people in the Holocene are described in detail. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current ecological and economic state of the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. The focus is on the study of bioclimatic characteristics of the territory of the Republic, the geo-ecological state of the air basin and surface waters, as well as their impact on the health of the population. The publication is intended for geoecologists, geographers, local historians, school teachers, as well as management employees involved in planning environmental and socio-economic activities at the level of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Content of Territorial Brands of Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan

2018 ◽  
pp. 448-453
Keyword(s):  
Positive Experience ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Visual Style ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City ◽  
Brand Heritage

The article considers the features of development of territorial branding in the city of Kazan and in the Republic of Tatarstan. The stages of creation of brands of Kazan, Sviyazhsk and Bolgar, as well as the brands of the Republic of Tatarstan “Heritage of Tatarstan” and “Visit Tatarstan” are researched. The main components of the brand “Heritage of Tatarstan” have been identified and described. The paper shows, that in order to improve the efficiency of territorial branding, the new brand “Visit Tatarstan” was created in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016. It is designed to complement and strengthen the brand “Heritage of Tatarstan”, which has already existed since 2014. The article reveals the most important tasks of the brand “Visit Tatarstan”, and defines the features of its visual style. The implementation of the project involves two directions - external and internal. The first is based on the advertising program, the second combines all the components of tourism: souvenirs, national attractions and travel agencies.The role of territorial branding in the development of various types of tourism in the Republic of Tatarstan is shown. Thus, the article concludes that the formation of modern territorial brands can give a big return in the form of creation of effective tourist destination in the region. Moreover, this positive experience in the near future can be successfully used not only in the Republic of Tatarstan, but also in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Problems of updating the cadaster of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Zorigma Fedorovna Dugarzhapova ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kravets ◽  
Mariya Aleksandrovna Ivacheva ◽  
Margarita Valentinovna Chesnokova ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Balakhonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Data

The results of updating the Cadastre of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points in the Russian Federation (2005) and the creation of databases for nine out of 11 subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (in the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous District, anthrax was not officially registered) are presented, information on 1285 points has been updated, instead of 1089 previously recorded. For the period 1856–2008 according to official data and literary sources, 8346 heads of animals and 253 people fell ill in nine subjects. The largest share of sick animals (72.3 %) falls on the Republic of Buryatia, and people (45.1 %) — in the Zabaikalsky Territory. The years of manifestation of activity of 99.8 % of permanently unfavorable points for anthrax are known. Most of the new points were formed in 1890–1899 and 1930–1939. Anthrax on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District was annually recorded from 1910 to 1989. The maximum epizootic activity was noted in the city of Blagoveshchensk in the Amur Region and in the village of Kyren in the Republic of Buryatia. Based on updated information on the former and renamed settlements in accordance with the territorial-administrative division of the country; specified locations of settlements, former collective and state farms, liquidated in the 90s of the twentieth century; data on years of activity, species and number of dead animals and sick people; Determination of the geographical coordinates of the SNP created a database of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points in six regions (Zabaikalsky, Kamchatka, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, Jewish Autonomous Okrug, Sakhalin and Amur regions.

scholarly journals Municipal Toponymic Policy as a Tool for Translation of Regional Identity: a Case of Modern Kazan (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Golomidova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Currently, the Russian cities are involved in the marketing of territories and competition for various types of resources. This aspect determines the relevance of issues related to building a strong image of the city, including its toponymic component. The category of regional identity is one of the significant tools for managing the image of a city. According to the author, it can be used in municipal toponymic policy to build a long-term strategy for toponymic designation. The author analyzes the current toponymic policy in the city of Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation, in terms of the manifestation of regional identity. The directions for the correction of the urban toponymicon in the post-Soviet era are considered. The dominant components of regional identity, explicated in the modern toponymy of Kazan, are revealed. The role of regulatory documents in the implementation of the municipal toponymic policy of the contemporary period is characterized.

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGIES «SMART CITY» AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE TERRITORY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
G.E. Zorin
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Territory Management ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

The smart city is one of the modern concepts of development and management of urban infrastructure and the economy of the territory. Thanks to its idea of introducing the best technologies, this concept contributes not only to the development of consumer innovations, but also to the optimization of urban management processes. It also allows making economically sound decisions that are more effective for citizens, taking into account changes in their number and consumer preferences in the future. The article attempts a theoretical study of the concept of «smart city». The city and technologies are considered from the standpoint of a systematic approach, according to which the system is a set of interrelated technologies for managing the territory. The existing variants of «smart city» technologies are summarized, and based on the conducted research, proposals for their development in the city administration in the Russian Federation in the near future are formed.

Identifying the center of innovation industrial clusters to provide the federal district's evolution foresight

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1747-1766
Author(s):  
S.N. Yashin ◽  
Yu.V. Trifonov ◽  
E.V. Koshelev
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Logistics Center ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Transportation Flows ◽  
The City

Subject. This article deals with the issues of placing and locating the information and logistics center of the Federal District's clusters. Objectives. The article aims to create a technology to identify the center of innovative industrial clusters, which would ensure their effective economic, financial, information, and logistics cooperation. Methods. To solve the problem of location of the information and logistics center of clusters in order to anticipate the evolution of the Federal District, we used simulation modeling algorithms, genetic algorithm, and the simulated annealing and pattern search methods. Results. These methods have been tested for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District of the Russian Federation. As a result of analysis, modeling and calculations, it turns out that the information and logistics center of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District should be the City of Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan. Conclusions and Relevance. The deployment of the information and logistics center for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District in Kazan can significantly reduce the transaction costs associated with the regulation of information and transportation flows within the Federal District under study. This will reduce the financial costs in the District and increase the synergistic effect of a large innovation system uniting innovation and industrial clusters in a large area of the entire Federal District. The additional synergies will help the governmental structures and their experts conduct a better policy of economic and financial foresight of the evolution of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Transformation and the Possibility of Renaturalising Small Rivers and Their Valleys in Cities – Łódź and Lviv Examples

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kobojek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The City

Rivers used to serve important functions in the development of cities, and river valleys are a part of the urban space. Regardless of several centuries of anthropogenic influences large rivers and their valleys have remained the dominant elements of the cityscape. In the case of small rivers and valleys the situation has been different. The expansion of urban infrastructure often led to an elimination of rivers and their valleys from the developed area. In many cases rivers were directed down straightened concrete ditches and sometimes the locations of their channels were changed altogether. In the city centre, rivers were locked in underground channels, i.e. they vanished from the cityscape. Urban floods, so annoying for the inhabitants, usually occur within river sections which have been utilized intensively and covered with impermeable surface. Even though a river was hidden in underground interceptor pipes, a valley dip remains still accumulating rainfall. The aim of this article is to present the extent of transformation of small rivers and valleys within two large cities located on watersheds: Łódź and Lviv, and the contemporary utilization and the possibility of renaturalising them.

Macromycetes of the “Baydarsky” Nature Reserve

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Sarkina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article is the first summary on the macromycetes of the “Baydarsky” State Natural Landscape Reserve. The annotated list of macromycetes of the reserve includes 201 species of macromycetes from 97 genera, 45 families, 13 orders. The species composition of families Boletaceae (26 species), Russulaceae (22), Tricholomataceae (19), Agaricaceae (15) and Amanitaceae (12), genera Lactarius (14), Amanita (11), Tricholoma (9), Russula (8), Cortinarius and Ramaria (6 species each), Agaricus and Hygrophorus (5 species each) is found out most fully completed; the number of Boletales mushrooms in the volume of Boletus s. l. is 26 species. For the registered in the reserve 9 species, this is the first find in the Crimean Peninsula, and for 45 species this is the same one in the Sevastopol region. In the Red Book of the Russian Federation included 7 species, the Red Book of the Republic of the Crimea - 14, and the Red Book of the city of Sevastopol - 16.

Population and regions in the strategy for the country spatial development

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Valery V. Patsiorkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
System Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article focuses on the analysis of the methodology and content of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025. Particular attention is paid to the task set in the Strategy to improve the population settlement system and to reflection of regional issues in it. The orientation of the Strategy on large cities is in conflict with the objectives of the national project «Demography». Pulling the population into large cities makes it difficult to achieve the target indicator «Increase in the total fertility rate to 1.7 per woman by 2024». For the Strategy of spatial development, whose task was proclaimed to improve the system of population settlement, the problem of its reproduction and placement is far from an idle question. Nevertheless, in the Strategy this issue does not go beyond the framework of duty generalizations, which proclaim a differentiated approach to the directions and measures of the State support for the socio-economic development of territories, taking into account the demographic situation, characteristics of the settlement system, level and dynamics of the economic development and specifics of the environmental conditions. And the thesis formulated in the Strategy: «Stabilization of the population in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation», in fact, has no foundation. In 2005-2018 two thirds of the regions (67.1%) were losing their population. Analysis of the place and role in the Strategy of the region taken as an example (Komi Republic) shows that, in comparison with most other subjects of the Federation, quite a lot of attention and place is given to this republic. It is described as a part of the Northern macroregion, the economic specialization of the republic is indicated there, its capital — the city of Syktyvkar is represented among the promising economic centers, a number of municipal entities of the republic are identified as mineral resource centers, and the city of Vorkuta is presented as a part of the priority geostrategic territories of the Arctic zone. And this is quite understandable. The spatial development of the country is primarily oriented to the North and East.

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