scholarly journals Preliminary sources identification of nitric oxide (NO) emissions in underground mine

2021 ◽  
Vol 942 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Banasiewicz ◽  
Adam Wroblewski ◽  
Sebastian Gola
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
Concentration Limits ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract Gas hazards in Polish underground mines are a major problem for the ventilation service. Ensuring appropriate environmental conditions is becoming increasingly difficult, especially with the introduction of new, more stringent restrictions on the concentration limits of harmful gases. According to [1], the most dangerous gases in underground mines are carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, c arbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and m e thane. T ogether with the introduction of new limit values for the above-mentioned gases by the European Union, it is necessary to accurately identify the sources of their emission in mine workings in order to select an appropriate reduction method. This article presents daily measurements of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the workings of one of the copper ore mines owned by KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. The measurement results were used for preliminary analysis of sources of gas emissions to underground workings. The analysis is carried out through a graphical interpretation of the measured values. Knowing the details of the technological processes carried out in the mine under consideration (blasting, diesel engine machines, natural oxidation of nitrogen to NO) the graphs were interpreted by assigning individual values of NO concentrations over time to a specific t echnological process.

Organic and metallic pollutants in water treatment and natural wetlands: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Haarstad ◽  
H. J. Bavor ◽  
T. Mæhlum
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Other Substances

A literature review shows that more than 500 compounds occur in wetlands, and also that wetlands are suitable for removing these compounds. There are, however, obvious pitfalls for treatment wetlands, the most important being the maintenance of the hydraulic capacity and the detention time. Treatment wetlands should have an adapted design to target specific compounds. Aquatic plants and soils are suitable for wastewater treatment with a high capacity of removing nutrients and other substances through uptake, sorption and microbiological degradation. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to exceed limit values. The studies revealed high values of phenol and SO4. No samples showed concentrations in sediments exceeding limit values, but fish samples showed concentrations of Hg exceeding the limit for fish sold in the European Union (EU). The main route of metal uptake in aquatic plants was through the roots in emergent and surface floating plants, whereas in submerged plants roots and leaves take part in removing heavy metals and nutrients. Submerged rooted plants have metal uptake potential from water as well as sediments, whereas rootless plants extracted metals rapidly only from water. Caution is needed about the use of SSF CWs (subsurface flow constructed wetlands) for the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as metals are shifted to another environmental compartment, and stable redox conditions are required to ensure long-term efficiency. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals and wetlands have been shown to be a source of methylmercury. Methyl Hg concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt (total mercury). In wetlands polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bisphenol A, BTEX, hydrocarbons including diesel range organics, glycol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), cyanide, benzene, chlorophenols and formaldehyde were found to exceed limit values. In sediments only PAH and PCB were found exceeding limit values. The pesticides found above limit values were atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor, mecoprop, endosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and diuron. There are few water quality limit values of these compounds, except for some well-known endocrine disrupters such as nonylphenol, phtalates, etc.

scholarly journals Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide from Soils of Native and Exotic Ecosystems of the Amazon and Cerrado Regions of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Davidson ◽  
Mercedes M.C. Bustamante ◽  
Alexandre de Siqueira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Amazonian Forests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
No Emissions

This paper reviews reports of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from soils of the Amazon and Cerrado regions of Brazil. N2O is a stable greenhouse gas in the troposphere and participates in ozone-destroying reactions in the stratosphere, whereas NO participates in tropospheric photochemical reactions that produce ozone. Tropical forests and savannas are important sources of atmospheric N2O and NO, but rapid land use change could be affecting these soil emissions of N oxide gases. The five published estimates for annual emissions of N2O from soils of mature Amazonian forests are remarkably consistent, ranging from 1.4 to 2.4 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 2.0 kg N ha–1 year–1. Estimates of annual emissions of NO from Amazonian forests are also remarkably similar, ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 1.5 kg N ha–1 year–1. Although a doubling or tripling of N2O has been observed in some young (<2 years) cattle pastures relative to mature forests, most Amazonian pastures have lower emissions than the forests that they replace, indicating that forest-topasture conversion has, on balance, probably reduced regional emissions slightly (<10%). Secondary forests also have lower soil emissions than mature forests. The same patterns apply for NO emissions in Amazonia. At the only site in Cerrado where vegetation measurements have been made N2O emissions were below detection limits and NO emissions were modest (~0.4 kg N ha–1 year–1). Emissions of NO doubled after fire and increased by a factor of ten after wetting dry soil, but these pulses lasted only a few hours to days. As in Amazonian pastures, NO emissions appear to decline with pasture age. Detectable emissions of N2O have been measured in soybean and corn fields in the Cerrado region, but they are modest relative to fluxes measured in more humid tropical agricultural regions. No measurements of NO from agricultural soils in the Cerrado region have been made, but we speculate that they could be more important than N2O emissions in this relatively dry climate. While a consistent pattern is emerging from these studies in the Amazon region, far too few data exist for the Cerrado region to assess the impact of land use changes on N oxide emissions.

scholarly journals Determination of Pesticide Residues in Honey by Single-Drop Microextraction and Gas Chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos G Tsiropoulos ◽  
Elpiniki G Amvrazi
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Single Drop Microextraction ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract A novel, simple, and rapid single-drop microextraction (SDME) procedure combined with GC has been developed, validated, and applied for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in honey samples. The SDME was optimized using a Plackett-Burman screening design considering all parameters that may influence an SDME procedure and a consequent central composite design to control the parameters that were found to significantly influence the pesticide determination. The developed analytical method required minimal volumes of organic solvents and exhibited good analytical characteristics with enrichment factors ranging from 3 for -endosulfan to 10 for lindane, procymidone, and captan and method quantification limits ranging from 0.03 g/kg for phosalone to 10.6 g/kg for diazinon. The relative recoveries obtained ranged from 70.8 for captan to 120 for fenarimol, and the precision (RSD) ranged from 3 to 15. The proposed SDME procedure followed by GC with an electron capture detector for quantification and GC/MS for identification was applied with success to the analysis of 17 honey samples. Monitoring results indicated a low level of honey contamination by diazinon, chlorpyrifosethyl, procymidone, bromopropylate, and endosulfan (-, -, and endosulfan sulfate) residues that were far below the maximum residue limit values specified by the European Union for endosulfan (10 g/kg) and bromopropylate (100 g/kg) in honey samples.

scholarly journals Asymmetric dimethylarginine, oxidative stress, and vascular nitric oxide synthase in essential hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. R195-R200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Svend Strandgaard ◽  
Jens Iversen ◽  
Christopher S. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Oxide Synthase

We reported impaired endothelium-derived relaxation factor/nitric oxide (EDRF/NO) responses and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity in subcutaneous vessels dissected from patients with essential hypertension ( n = 9) compared with normal controls ( n = 10). We now test the hypothesis that the patients in this study have increased circulating levels of the cNOS inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), or the lipid peroxidation product of linoleic acid, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), which is a marker of reactive oxygen species. Patients had significantly ( P < 0.001) elevated (means ± SD) plasma levels of ADMA (PADMA, 766 ± 217 vs. 393 ± 57 nmol/l) and symmetric dimethylarginine (PSDMA: 644 ± 140 vs. 399 ± 70 nmol/l) but similar levels of l-arginine accompanied by significantly ( P < 0.015) increased rates of renal ADMA excretion (21 ± 9 vs. 14 ± 5 nmol/μmol creatinine) and decreased rates of renal ADMA clearance (18 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 5 ml/min). They had significantly increased plasma levels of HODE (PHODE: 309 ± 30 vs. 226 ± 24 nmol/l) and renal HODE excretion (433 ± 93 vs. 299 ± 67 nmol/μmol creatinine). For the combined group of normal and hypertensive subjects, the individual values for plasma levels of ADMA and HODE were both significantly ( P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with microvascular EDRF/NO and positively correlated with mean blood pressure. In conclusion, elevated levels of ADMA and oxidative stress in a group of hypertensive patients could contribute to the associated microvascular endothelial dysfunction and elevated blood pressure.

A Nutrient Quota Trading Scheme to Reduce the Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Mehling ◽  
Karl Upston-Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Initial Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Trading ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractEnvironmental policy is currently experiencing a general transition towards greater inclusion of flexible, market-based instruments. While one of the most salient manifestations of this trend, the creation of markets for tradable emissions quota, has been widely applied in the areas of air pollution and greenhouse gas regulation, it has yet to be introduced as a policy instrument for the management of watercourses. A great diversity of abatement costs for pollution of the Baltic Sea through nutrients that result in eutrophication suggests the introduction of a system of tradable quota as an attractive management tool. The following article provides a brief introduction to the challenge of nutrient accumulation in the Baltic Sea, and shows that the legislative framework currently governing its pollution does not categorically preclude the introduction of a nutrient trading scheme. A number of design issues would require clarification prior to the introduction of such a scheme, including the definition of the tradable commodity, the scope of participation, the initial allocation of quota, and monitoring and enforcement provisions. While the article concludes by affirming the fundamental viability of a nutrient trading scheme in the Baltic Sea Area, it identifies challenges in accommodating the trading scheme alongside existing emission limit values, state aid concerns, and the inclusion of states that are not Members of the European Union.

scholarly journals Coordinate Transformation Using the Author’s Software in GIS Class System – Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Violetta Sokoła-Szewioła ◽  
Marian Poniewiera ◽  
Aleksandra Mierzejowska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Selection Of

In order to implement the provisions of the INSPIRE Directive, it is necessary for the Member States of the European Union to take appropriate measures to enable combining in a uniform manner spatial data deriving from different sources and sharing use of them by many users and many applications. Spatial data regarding underground hard coal mining in Poland should also be available in the national spatial reference system. Mining enterprises run a cartographic resource in the different rectangular flat coordinate systems. The standard transformation procedure does not provide the required accuracy because these are areas affected by mining activity, and the stability of points is limited, hence, studies were undertaken. The result is the development of software that can be used in Geographic Information Systems to transform spatial data from a system used in mine to the national system. The article described shortly a chosen coordinates systems used in Polish underground mines, elaborated procedure for selection of the degree and the type of a transformation polynomial in the transformation task. It presents its practical application of procedure for the area of one of hard coal mines using the author’s software elaborated in the results of above-mentioned research.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the wind conditions as a potential for using wind micro-installation to improve air quality in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szulc ◽  
Barbara Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Wind Energy Resources

Poland has been struggling with the problem of exceedance of the permissible levels of air pollutions such as particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for several years. In the years 2007-2015 the concentrations of PM10 and BaP exceeded the European Union (EU) limit values. The vast majority of the country is characterised by wind energy zones described as very favorable and favorable. Facing the current legal regulations, wind micro-installations are becoming an opportunity to use the potential of wind energy in Poland. The micro-installations market in Poland is constantly growing. In 2017 there was recorded a nearly ten-fold increase in the number of micro-installations of renewable energy sources connected to the network in regard of 2015. The analysis based on available wind energy resources and available technologies of small wind turbines on the market showed that by installing a 10 kW turbine in the zone with the most favorable wind conditions (1000 kWh/m2/year) one can avoid 93kg of dust emissions to the air and 140 kg of CO and 6222 kg of CO2. The calculated reduction of dust emissions for 3 kW wind turbine in area of Rabka-Zdrój is about 0.8 kg, in the case of BaP 0.0003 kg, and for CO2 47.3 kg.

EU policy on nutrients emissions: legislation and implementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blöch
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
Emission Limit

After 25 years of EU water legislation the European Union has just thoroughly restructured its water policy. The European Parliament and the Council, following a tough conciliation procedure between the two legislators, have in summer 2000 agreed a proposal by the European Commission for a Water Framework Directive. This legislation will have the following main objectives:integrated river basin management across borders, with coordinated programmes of measuresprotection of all waters, surface waters and groundwater, in quality and quantity with a proper ecological dimensionemissions and discharges controlled by a “combined approach” of emission limit values and quality standards, plus the phasing out of particularly hazardous substancesintroducing water pricing policiesstrengthening public participation This new Water Framework Directive adopted in September 2000 will complement existing EU water legislation on nutrients reduction - the 1991 Directive on nitrates pollution from agricultural sources and the 1991 Directive on urban waste water treatment. These Directives will remain main pillars of EU water policy whilst at the same time being integrated into the river basin management in a coherent way.

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