scholarly journals Experimental study of composite concrete cellular steel beams

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kamil Abbas ◽  
Hayder Wafi Al_Thabhawee
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Control Beam ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Composite Steel

Abstract The main objective of this study is to compare the structural behavior of composite steel– concrete beams using cellular beams with and without steel ring stiffeners placed around the web openings. An IPE140 hot rolled I-section steel beam was used to create four specimens: one without openings (control beam); one without shear connectors (non-composite); a composite steel–concrete beam using a cellular beam without strengthening (CLB1); and a composite steel–concrete beam using a cellular beam (CLB4-R) with its openings strengthened by steel ring stiffeners with geometrical properties Br = 37mm and Tr = 5mm. CLB1 was fabricated with openings of 100mm diameter and a 1.23 expansion depth ratio, while CLB4-R was fabricated with openings of 130mm diameter, a 1.42 expansion depth ratio. Both beams were 1700mm in length with ten openings. The results of this experiment revealed that the loads applied to CLB1 and CLB4-R at deflection L/360 exceeded the load applied to the control specimen at the same deflection by 149.3% and 177.3%, respectively. The results revealed that the non-composite beam had an ultimate load 29% lower than that of the control beam. The ultimate load on CLB1 was 5.3% greater than that of the control beam, and failure occurred due to web-post buckling. While the ultimate load of the CLB4-R beam was 18.43% greater than that of the control beam, the Vierendeel mechanism was indicated as the failure mode.

Ultimate load behaviour of steel beams with web openings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samadhan. G. Morkhade ◽  
L. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings

scholarly journals Effect of Shear Span to Effective Depth Ratio on the Behavior of Self-Compacting Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Containing Openings Strengthened with CFRP

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nabeel A. Al-Bayati ◽  
Bassman R. Muhammed ◽  
Muroj F. Oda
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Deep Beams ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Shear Span ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Strengthened Beam

Results of test on seven simply supported self-compacting reinforced concrete deep beams, including six of these beams containing circular openings in center of load path are reported in this paper. The objective of the tests was determined the influence of, changing shear span to effective depth ratio a/d, the existence of circular openings in shear span and using inclined strips of carbon fiber polymer (CFRP) on behavior of deep beams. The general trend in crack pattern, the load-deflection response, and the mode of failure of reinforced SCC deep beams were also investigated. All specimens had the same geometry, details of the flexure and shear reinforcement in both vertical and horizontal directions and they were tested under symmetrical two-point loads up to failure. The experimental results revealed that the web openings within shear spans caused an important reduction in the deep beam capacity by 50% when compared with the corresponding solid beam. The increase a/d ratio from 0.8 to 1.2 decreases the ultimate load by 21.7% and 22.5 % for the reference unstrengthened beam and strengthened beam, respectively, also it was found that the externally inclined CFRP strips in deep beams increased the ultimate strength up to 39.5%, and enhanced the stiffness of deep beams with openings.

DESIGN OF STEEL I-BEAMS WITH WEB OPENINGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Calado
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Numerical Research ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper presents a numerical research on the behavior of steel I-beams with web openings. The influence of web openings in the load carrying capacity of steel beams and failure mechanisms are investigated. The non-linear numerical analysis performed was calibrated with results from other similar non-linear numerical analysis and experimental test data. Comparison between numerical results with the available experimental for yielding patterns, ultimate load values and load-deflection relationships show a good agreement. The numerical model developed was used to carry out a parametric study taking into account some parameters, such us: opening shape, opening size, and the location of the opening throughout the span. Three different beam spans were considered. A contribution to the analysis and selection of the web openings best solutions is presented in the conclusions.

scholarly journals Effective Flange Width for Composite Steel Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Salama ◽  
H.H. Nassif
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Composite Action ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Slab Width ◽  
Effective Flange Width ◽  
Composite Steel

 The effective flange width is a concept proposed by various codes to simplify the computation of stress distribution across the width of composite beams. Questions have been raised as to the validity of the effective slab width provisions, since they have a direct effect on the computed ultimate moment as well as serviceability limit states such as deflection, fatigue, and overloading. The objective of this paper is to present results from an experimental and analytical investigation to determine the effective slab width in steel composite beams. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed for the analysis of composite steel-concrete beams having variable concrete flange widths. Results were compared to those from tests performed on eight beams loaded to failure. Beam test specimens had variable flange width and various degrees of composite action (shear connectors). The comparison presented in terms of the applied load versus deflection, and strain in the concrete slab show that the AISC-LRFD code is conservative and underestimates the width active. Based on a detailed parametric study an equation for the calculation of the effective flange width is recommended. 

scholarly journals Behavior of Concrete Deep Beam Reinforced with Inclined Web Reinforcement around Different Opening Shapes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Abdel-Kareem ◽  
Ibrahim A. El-Azab
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Deep Beam ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Shear Span ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Web Reinforcement ◽  
New Type ◽  
Sharp Edges

The objective of this paper is to experimentally and analytically estimate the influence of inclined reinforcement placed above and below web openings having different shapes in reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam. Twenty RC deep beams had the same overall geometric dimensions were tested under two-point top loading. Test variables included amount of inclined reinforcement, opening shape (circular, square, rectangular and relatively new type rectangular with fillet edges) and shear span-to-depth ratio. The relationship between the amount of inclined reinforcement and the opening size was expressed as the effective inclined reinforcement factor. As this factor was increased, the behavior of tested beams improved, where the crack width and its development decreased, and the ultimate load increased. The improvement rate of ultimate load with increasing effective inclined reinforcement for beams with rectangular openings having fillet edges was higher than that with sharp edges. Beams with opening having square, circular, or rectangular with fillet edges shapes and having effective inclined reinforcement ratio above 0.085 and 0.091 under shear span-to-depth ratio 1.0 and 0.6, respectively had higher ultimate load than that of corresponding solid beams. The effect of inclined reinforcement on enhancing the behavior of deep beam with opening increased as the shear span-to-depth ratio decreased. The ultimate load of tested beams was estimated using upper-bound analysis of the plasticity theory and compared with the test results. It is shown that the prediction has a consistent agreement with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Shear Strengthening of Composite Steel-Concrete Girders with Web Openings Using CFRP Sheets

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Wael Shawky AbdulSahib ◽  
Mohammed J. Hamood ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Ultimate Shear Strength ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Concrete Girders ◽  
Composite Steel

This study presents an experimental investigation of subjecting one-point load at mid-span of five composite steel-concrete girders that are loaded predominantly in shear. Three of girders are reference girders with no web openings, square web openings, and circular web openings, respectively. The both other girders are strengthened girders. The compressive strength of concrete, slab reinforcement and all dimensions of girders are kept. The CFRP laminates were adhesively attached to the webs of strengthened girders in various patterns and were done to estimate the effect of strengthening scheme by CFRP composite on increasing of the ultimate load capacity of the web openings girders. The research purposes to examine the behavior and effect of increasing in the ultimate shear capacity of strengthened girders that have constant dimensions and locations of web openings which is about 40 % of web depth. The results show the increase in ultimate load capacity of strengthened girders containing square and circular web openings with about 23.75% and 25.9%, respectively compared to that of reference girders. Furthermore, the ultimate shear strength was predicted by von Mises stresses were used for girders without and with square and circular web openings.  

scholarly journals Experimental Strength Evaluation of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Control Beam ◽  
Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bamboo Reinforcement

This paper presents the outcome of an experimental investigation of the behavior and strength of reinforced concrete beams with bamboo reinforcement. A total of five beam specimens were tested in flexural under four point (pure bending) loading. A plain concrete beam (B1) served as a control beam. Two specimens (B2 and B3) were longitudinally reinforced with four bamboo culms and steel stirrups. The last two specimens (B4 and B5) had similar longitudinal reinforcement but bamboo pieces were used as shear stirrups. The bamboo culms used in two specimens (B2 & B4) were treated with bitumen along with sprinkling of fine particles of sand to achieve rough surface for better bonding with concrete. The introduction of bamboo reinforcement increased the stiffness, strength, and ductility of beams significantly as compared to the plain concrete beam. The ultimate load carrying capacity of bamboo reinforced concrete beams was found to be 2.49 to 3.29 times that of control beam. The observed ultimate load was 25% and 13% more for specimens with coated reinforcement in case of steel stirrups and bamboo stirrups respectively. The specimen with coated bamboo reinforcementand steel stirrups achieved the highest ultimate load among all specimens.

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Octagonal Web Openings of Castellated Beam by Steel Rings

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Hayder W. Al-Thabhawee ◽  
Abbas A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Allowable Load ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
The Web

Castellated steel beams are section steel members with hexagonal or octagonal web openings which they are made from standard hot rolled steel section I or H. The main advantage of these members is their economic material. An additional important advantage is a possibility to guide service ducts through the openings. The presence of the web openings influences the members’ failure behavior around the openings, new local failure modes will come into existence, such as the buckling of the web post between the openings, or yielding around the openings. Castellated beams with octagonal openings usually fail due to web post-buckling because of the increase in depth. The current study focused on improving the behavior of the castellated beam with octagonal openings using steel ring stiffener and adjusting the best dimension and distribution for the stiffeners. All the models of specimens have been fabricated from a parent I section (IPE 140). The models have been modeled and analyzed using finite element software ANSYS (version 15). The analysis results showed that reinforcing octagonal castellated beams by adding steel ring stiffeners around octagonal web opening was very active way to increase the ultimate load for long span, where the ultimate load of reinforced octagonal castellated beam increased up to (286%) compared with parent I-section beam. Economically, the percentage of additional steel material which used to expansion and reinforce the castellated beams (spacer plate and steel ring stiffeners) was (36%) when compared with the weight of parent I-section beam. While the allowable load at deflection (L/180) was (260 %) compared to the allowable load of parent section at the same deflection. The gained benefit was increasing the ultimate and allowable load of reinforced octagonal castellated beams by (186%) and (160%) respectively by using additional steel material only (36%) from the weight of parent I- section, which the additional steel material consisted from the spacer plates and steel rings. Also, the results indicate that the best dimensions for the ring were when thickness equal to the web thickness of the parent section and the width equal to the half of the parent section flange width.

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