Evaluation and Analysis of Unit Prices of a Rammed Earth Construction System

Abstract The tapial is part of the traditional construction worldwide, which uses environmentally friendly materials of natural origin such as raw earth, wood and water for its manufacture. The construction technique was used for the construction of habitable spaces, which are part of the ancestral construction system of our country; Despite the above, no updated studies on the costs required in the construction process have been identified in Ecuador. This is mainly due to the constant development of new technologies that introduce new construction systems to the market that use industrialized materials for their manufacture. Therefore, this document evaluated and analyzed the unit prices of the items involved in the construction of works using mud as its main component. Field and exploratory research was applied, through the application of surveys to a sample of 97 professionals of Civil Engineering and Architecture in the city of Cuenca, as well as 30 professionals with experience in construction of the indicated construction system. The Unit Price Analysis determined that the average cost of a 140 m2 typical house is $ 46,236.64 with an estimated cost of $ 330.26 per square meter; Similarly, the study determined a maximum cost of $ 53,172.14 USD with a value of $ 379.80 USD per square meter and a minimum value that represents $ 39,301.14 with a cost per square meter of $ 280.72.

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Costing, Adobe Technique as a Sustainable Construction System in the City of Cuenca

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1203 (3) ◽

pp. 032115

Author(s):

Verónica Molina ◽

Pedro Angumba

Keyword(s):

Unit Price ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Rural Sector ◽

Market Prices ◽

Construction Activity ◽

Price Analysis ◽

The City ◽

Real Costs ◽

Over Time ◽

Construction System

Abstract Adobe is an old material used in construction but over time, this construction system has lost space and preference among population. Hence, the need to seek alternatives as professionals in the construction area to encourage the use of the Adobe technique has raised. Thus, the present study made a cost of the items involved in the construction of houses from the adobe based on the theoretical references. In addition, it established a unit price analysis that identifies the particularities of this system focusing on an analytical, descriptive-conclusive methodology whose data are analysed from the results of applying a survey (n = 96) to the inhabitants of the rural sector of Cuenca and construction experts (n = 11). The average price of the construction of houses with Adobe is $ 38,357.23 dollars for a house of 150 m2 taking into account that the real costs and the construction activity are sensitive to changes in the population and market prices.

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Laboratory Study on the Strength Behaviour of Two Laterally Loaded Adobe Walls

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures4010001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Brad Weldon ◽

Paola Bandini ◽

Michael McGinnis ◽

Eduardo Dávila ◽

Diego García Vera

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Load Capacity ◽

Lateral Load ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Construction Technique ◽

Wall Strength ◽

New Construction ◽

Load Tests ◽

Traditional Construction ◽

Seismic Forces

Adobe is a traditional construction technique found in historic and new construction throughout the world, often in earthquake-prone regions. Adobe structures are particularly susceptible to seismic forces due to their substantial mass and low tensile capacity. In addition, adobe is affected negatively by moisture that may penetrate from the ground or through the plaster. This paper describes the preliminary findings of an experimental program to investigate the effect of higher water content in the lower part of the wall on the wall strength behaviour under lateral loading. Lateral load tests were conducted on two quarter-scale adobe walls, one in air-dry condition (Wall 1) and another with greater water content in the lower part (Wall 2). The model walls demonstrated similar behaviour during loading in terms of deflections; however, the higher water content in the lower part had a significant effect on the wall strength. The in-plane (lateral) load capacity of Wall 2 was approximately 74% of the capacity of Wall 1.

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Rediseñando las Organizaciones del Futuro. El impacto de la transformación digital en el mundo del trabajo

10.26422/icf.20193cong06.pin ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 199-226

Author(s):

Ricardo M. Piñeyro Prins ◽

Guadalupe E. Estrada Narvaez

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

New Technologies ◽

Third Sector ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Digital Culture ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

The People ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Current Scenario ◽

The Way

We are witnessing how new technologies are radically changing the design of organizations, the way in which they produce and manage both their objectives and their strategies, and -above all- how digital transformation impacts the people who are part of it. Even today in our country, many organizations think that digitalizing is having a presence on social networks, a web page or venturing into cases of success in corporate social intranet. Others begin to invest a large part of their budget in training their teams and adapting them to the digital age. But given this current scenario, do we know exactly what the digital transformation of organizations means? It is necessary? Implying? Is there a roadmap to follow that leads to the success of this process? How are organizations that have been born 100% digital from their business conception to the way of producing services through the use of platforms? What role does the organizational culture play in this scenario? The challenge of the digital transformation of businesses and organizations, which is part of the paradigm of the industrial revolution 4.0, is happening here and now in all types of organizations, whether are they private, public or third sector. The challenge to take into account in this process is to identify the digital competences that each worker must face in order to accompany these changes and not be left out of it. In this sense, the present work seeks to analyze the main characteristics of the current technological advances that make up the digital transformation of organizations and how they must be accompanied by a digital culture and skills that allow their successful development. In order to approach this project, we will carry out an exploratory research, collecting data from the sector of new actors in the world of work such as employment platforms in its various areas (gastronomy, delivery, transportation, recreation, domestic service, etc) and an analysis of the main technological changes that impact on the digital transformation of organizations in Argentina.

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Choice between cocaine and food in a discrete-trials procedure in monkeys: a unit price analysis

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s002130050401 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 269-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W. L. Woolverton ◽

Justin A. English ◽

Michael R. Weed

Keyword(s):

Unit Price ◽

Discrete Trials ◽

Price Analysis

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BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-14-23 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 14-23

Author(s):

I. Dezhina

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

New Technologies ◽

Technological Development ◽

High Tech ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Scientific Cooperation ◽

Brics Countries ◽

The World ◽

A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

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Didactic opportunities and conditions of application of technology WebQuest as a didactic form in professional training of students

Juvenis scientia ◽

10.32415/jscientia.2019.02.05 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

I. V. Abramova

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Professional Training ◽

New Technologies ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Federal State ◽

Educational Activities ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Main Component ◽

State Educational

The article is devoted to the methodological problem of the use of information and communication technologies in the system of higher education. The formation of new models of educational activities with the wide use of information and communication technologies is the main component of the modernization of education. In addition, modern higher education is faced with the task of training students in accordance with federal state educational standards. The task requires the search for new technologies for the organization of educational activities. One of these technologies is the WebQuest technology, which can be aimed at solving the problem of effective professional training of students. As a solution to this problem, didactic possibilities and conditions for using the WebQuest technology have been identified and described.

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Electronic Health Use in the European Union and the Effect of Multimorbidity: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.7299 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva ◽

Dimitra Anastasiadou ◽

Cristiano Codagnone ◽

Roberto Nuño-Solinís ◽

Maria Begona Garcia-Zapirain Soto

Keyword(s):

Health Care Professionals ◽

Online Survey ◽

New Technologies ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Health Problems ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

The European Union ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Electronic Health

BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is becoming increasingly common and is a leading challenge currently faced by societies with aging populations. The presence of multimorbidity requires patients to coordinate, understand, and use the information obtained from different health care professionals, while simultaneously striving to distinguish the symptoms of different diseases and self-manage their sometimes conflicting health problems. Electronic health (eHealth) tools provide a means to disseminate health information and education for both patients and health professionals and hold promise for more efficient and cost-effective care processes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the use of eHealth tools, taking into account the citizens’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and above all, the presence of multimorbidity. METHODS Cross-sectional and exploratory research was conducted using online survey data from July 2011 to August 2011. Participants included a total of 14,000 citizens from 14 European countries aged 16 to 74 years, who had used an eHealth tool in the past 3 months. The variables studied were sociodemographic variables of the participants, the questionnaire items assessing the frequency of using eHealth tools, the degree of morbidity, and the eHealth adoption gradient. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical variables of participants and the group the participants were assigned to according to their frequency of eHealth use (eHealth user group). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed for assessing the differences in the eHealth adoption gradient average between different groups of individuals according to their morbidity level. A two-way between-groups ANOVA was performed to explore the effects of multimorbidity and age group on the eHealth adoption gradient. RESULTS According to the eHealth adoption gradient, most participants (68.15%, 9541/14,000) were labeled as rare users, with the majority of them (55.1%, 508/921) being in the age range of 25 to 54 years, with upper secondary education (50.3%, 464/921), currently employed (49.3%, 454/921), and living in medium-sized cities (40.7%, 375/921). Results of the one-way ANOVA showed that the number of health problems significantly affected the use of eHealth tools (F2,13996=11.584; P<.001). The two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of age and number of health problems on the eHealth adoption gradient (F4,11991=7.936; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The eHealth adoption gradient has proven to be a reliable way to measure different aspects of eHealth use. Multimorbidity is associated with a more intense use of eHealth, with younger Internet users using new technologies for health purposes more frequently than older groups with the same level of morbidity. These findings suggest the need to consider different strategies aimed at making eHealth tools more sensitive to the characteristics of older populations to reduce digital disadvantages.

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Application of BIM on Quantity Estimate for Reinforced Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 357-360 ◽

pp. 2402-2405 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ying Mei Cheng ◽

Jyun Yu Chen

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Unit Price ◽

Price Difference ◽

Control Room ◽

Human Errors ◽

The Public ◽

New Construction ◽

Public Construction ◽

Senior Engineer

The focus of this study is on the differences in quantity estimates made by BIM and a senior engineer using conventional method for materials needed during construction. BIM-Revit Architecture 2012 is utilized to establish the information for two actual cases the control room for a new construction and a single floor on a school campus to conduct estimates for the amount of reinforced concrete needed. For comparison, an engineer with considerable experience is also asked to perform the above estimate. Data from the two estimates are compared and the unit price obtained from the Public Construction Commission is applied to calculate the price difference. The result shows that in Case 1, the engineers estimate is higher than that of BIM by 1.33%, while in Case 2, the engineers estimate is higher than that of BIM by 0.30%. The results indicate that estimates made by BIM have high accuracy. Thus, applying BIM toward the construction industry may effectively reduce human errors such as omissions and miscalculations.

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Analysis of New Construction Materials and its Development

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4119 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 4119-4123

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Ji Cheng ◽

Xiao Han Zhang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

New Construction ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽

Traditional Construction ◽

Sealing Materials

New construction materials are the new generations of construction materials which are on the basis of the traditional construction materials, including the new wall materials, thermal insulation materials, water sealing materials, decoration materials and etc. New construction materials industry is developed with the deeply reforming and opening of China. This paper introduces the basic concepts and characters of the new construction materials, analyzes the development and application of the new construction materials, and then discusses countermeasures and suggestions of the development of the new construction materials.

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