scholarly journals The effect of first step holding time of low high austempering heat treatment to the mechanical properties of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
B Bandanadjaja ◽  
D Idamayanti ◽  
N Widarmansyah ◽  
A Lestarianto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron

scholarly journals Machinability and related properties of austempered ductile iron: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4180-4190
Author(s):  
Ananda Hegde ◽  
Sathyashankara Sharma ◽  
Gowri Shankar M. C
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sg Iron

When the ductile iron which is also known as Spheroidal Graphite (SG) iron, is subjected to austempering heat treatment, the material is known as austempered ductile iron (ADI). This material has good mechanical properties and has various applications in different fields. This revolutionary material with its excellent combination of strength, ductility, toughness and wear resistance has the potential to replace some of the commonly used conventional materials such as steel, aluminium and other light weight alloys as it offers production advantage as well. One of the problems encountered during manufacturing is machining of ADI parts owing to its high hardness and wear resistance. Many researchers over a period of time have reported the machinability aspects of the ADI. This paper presents a review on the developments made on the machinability aspects of ADI along with other mechanical properties.

Monitoring Phase Transition Kinetics in Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3394-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Meier ◽  
Peter Schaaf ◽  
S. Cusenza ◽  
D. Höche ◽  
Menachem Bamberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Phase Transition Kinetics ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a very attractive material for applications where high strength, good ductility, wear resistance and fatigue strength are required. Thus, it offers design engineers an alternative to steel and aluminium alloys. ADI essentially is a cast ductile iron that undergoes a specially designed austempering heat treatment, which creates a microstructure of high carbon austenite and bainitic ferrite along with graphite nodules. The final proportion of these phases (and thus the mechanical properties) depends on the phase transformation kinetics which is strongly affected by composition, as-cast microstructure and heat treatment parameters (austempering). ADI samples were austempered (heat treated) and the phase transitions were analysed after interrupted austempering. The phase fractions (austenite, ferrite, martensite, etc.) and their relation to bulk properties, like electrical resistivity, magnetic properties and mechanical properties (e.g. strength, hardness), and others were measured using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and micro hardness measure¬ment. This combination of complementary techniques allows the correlation of the phase transition kinetics with the resulting properties.

scholarly journals AUSTEMPERING HEAT TREATMENT STUDY OF CAST DUCTILE IRON: ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, ACCORDING TO THE A897M STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
A. R. M. SCHIFINO ◽  
F. R. SANTANNA ◽  
A. P. TRINDADE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Spring Support

The objective of this work was to develop heat treatment parameters of an austempered cast iron alloy ASTM 897 / A 897M - 1400/1100/1, aiming at the production of a truck spring support. The austempered nodular cast iron, known by the acronym ADI - Austempered Ductile Iron - is a class of nodular cast iron that, after austempered thermal treatment, increases significantly its mechanical properties and tenacity (Machado, 2007). Mechanical and metallographic tests demonstrated the great influence that the level of microshrinkage has on the elongation and mechanical resistance of the material. Generally, tensile tests demonstrate high elongation due to minimal presence of microshrinkage and segregations in the metallic matrix of the material, as well as to the presence of austenite with high carbon retained in the ADI matrix. Analyzes were performed to determine if the mechanical properties required by ASTM 897 / A897M were achieved. Within this standard, four degrees can be obtained. The degree of interest in this study was 1400/1100/1, which is the grade requested by the company, so that the truck spring support can be put into service. Tensile, Charpy and optical microscopy tests were carried out.

scholarly journals Influence of the Salt Bath Agitation and Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure of Austempered Ductile Iron

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikša Čatipović ◽  
Dražen Živković ◽  
Zvonimir Dadić ◽  
Marin Viceić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Toughness Test ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Austempering Temperature

In this paper the influence of austempering temperature and salt bath agitation on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the ferritic ductile iron were studied. 17 samples had been subjected to different heat treatment parameters. Different microstructures were recorded upon the completion of the tests. From the obtained micro images, it is obvious that both the austempering temperature and salt bath agitation affect the final microstructure of the austempered ductile iron. Lower austempering temperatures and salt bath agitation produce more ausferrite in the microstructure, hence the harder and tougher phases are present. This was confirmed with hardness and toughness test of the 17 heat-treated samples. Lower austempering temperatures give more ausferrite phase and therefore higher hardness, but hardness decreases with increasing austempering temperatures. Toughness rises with rising austempering temperatures, but drops significantly with temperatures above 395°C because of the final microstructure.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AUSTEMPERING TIME AND AUSTEMPERING TEMPERATURE IN MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Giulliana Victória Tissi ◽  
Gláucio Soares Da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Austempering Temperature ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has excellent mechanical properties related to its microstructure ausferrite, and with the cycle of austempering heat treatment, many mechanical properties can be obtained from the same alloy, simply changing the time and temperature. To evaluate the influence of austempering time and temperature on the ADI, analyzed the modifications in the microstructures and mechanical properties of the samples of ductile iron, subjected to austempering heat treatment with austenitizing time and temperature of 910 °C and 90 minutes and during the austempering bath, the samples were submitted to different temperatures, 300, 320, 340, 360 e 380 °C, and for four different times for each temperature, 75, 110, 145 and 180 minutes. For the microstructural analysis, the microscopic techniques were used: optical and scanning electron and mechanical properties were obtained by mechanical testing of hardness and impact. The results show that there is a relationship between austempering temperature with microstructure and mechanical properties. The highest retained austenite and energy absorbed were 25.73% and 130 J, respectively, for the austempered sample at 380 °C and 180 minutes and the highest hardness value was 458 HB for the austempered sample at 300 °C and 75 minutes.  

The Optimization of the Isothermal Transformation Dwell of the ADI Obtained at Transformation Temperature of 380 °C

2007 ◽  
Vol 567-568 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Klára Hanzlíková ◽  
Stanislav Vĕchet ◽  
Jan Kohout ◽  
Josef Zapletal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Static Mechanical ◽  
Static Mechanical Properties

The structure of austempered ductile iron (ADI) matrix and consequently its mechanical properties are influenced by the heat treatment conditions, above all by the temperature and dwell length of isothermal transformation. The paper is focused on deeper understanding the interrelation between matrix mixture composition and static mechanical properties of ADI in dependence on the isothermal transformation dwell. Practical aim of the paper is to find the optimal isothermal transformation dwell range for ADI isothermally transformed at the temperature of 380 °C with emphasis on the level of static mechanical properties in tension. Microstructure and mechanical properties changes that proceed during isothermal transformation are observed and evaluated for the transformation dwells of 2, 5, 10, 25, 60, 120, 270, and 540 minutes.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

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