Enzymatically degradable alginate/gelatin bioink promotes cellular behavior and degradation in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 045020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yao ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
Xiaoliang Cui ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Xiaobing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Behavior

scholarly journals An in-vitro assay using human spermatozoa to detect toxicity of biologically active substances

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Vollmer ◽  
Börje Ljungberg ◽  
Vera Jankowski ◽  
Joachim Jankowski ◽  
Griet Glorieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Identifying the key toxic players within an in-vivo toxic syndrome is crucial to develop targeted therapies. Here, we established a novel method that characterizes the effect of single substances by means of an ex-vivo incubation set-up. We found that primary human spermatozoa elicit a distinct motile response on a (uremic) toxic milieu. Specifically, this approach describes the influence of a bulk toxic environment (uremia) as well as single substances (uremic toxins) by real-time analyzing motile cellular behavior. We established the human spermatozoa-based toxicity testing (HSTT) for detecting single substance-induced toxicity to be used as a screening tool to identify in-vivo toxins. Further, we propose an application of the HSTT as a method of clinical use to evaluate toxin-removing interventions (hemodialysis).

scholarly journals Living myofibroblast–silicon composites for probing electrical coupling in cardiac systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22531-22539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menahem Y. Rotenberg ◽  
Naomi Yamamoto ◽  
Erik N. Schaumann ◽  
Laura Matino ◽  
Francesca Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
Biosignal Processing ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hybrid Configuration

Traditional bioelectronics, primarily comprised of nonliving synthetic materials, lack cellular behaviors such as adaptability and motility. This shortcoming results in mechanically invasive devices and nonnatural signal transduction across cells and tissues. Moreover, resolving heterocellular electrical communication in vivo is extremely limited due to the invasiveness of traditional interconnected electrical probes. In this paper, we present a cell–silicon hybrid that integrates native cellular behavior (e.g., gap junction formation and biosignal processing) with nongenetically enabled photosensitivity. This hybrid configuration allows interconnect-free cellular modulation with subcellular spatial resolution for bioelectric studies. Specifically, we hybridize cardiac myofibroblasts with silicon nanowires and use these engineered hybrids to synchronize the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, studying heterocellular bioelectric coupling in vitro. Thereafter, we inject the engineered myofibroblasts into heart tissues and show their ability to seamlessly integrate into contractile tissues in vivo. Finally, we apply local photostimulation with high cell specificity to tackle a long-standing debate regarding the existence of myofibroblast–cardiomyocyte electrical coupling in vivo.

scholarly journals Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Guilherme Lepski
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cord Injury

Cell transplantation, as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI), has been extensively studied by researchers in recent years. A number of different kinds of stem cells, neural progenitors, and glial cells have been tested in basic research, and most have been excluded from clinical studies because of a variety of reasons, including safety and efficacy. The signaling pathways, protein interactions, cellular behavior, and the differentiated fates of experimental cells have been studiedin vitroin detail. Furthermore, the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effects on promoting functional recovery of transplanted cells have also been examined in different animal SCI models. However, despite significant progress, a “bench to bedside” gap still exists. In this paper, we comprehensively cover publications in the field from the last years. The most commonly utilized cell lineages were covered in this paper and specific areas covered include survival of grafted cells, axonal regeneration and remyelination, sensory and motor functional recovery, and electrophysiological improvements. Finally we also review the literature on thein vivotracking techniques for transplanted cells.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration and Cellular Behaviour Studies inCelosia cristataGrownIn VivoandIn Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Sharifah Nurashikin Wafa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Cellular Behaviour

Tissue culture studies ofCelosia cristatawere established from various explants and the effects of various hormones on morphogenesis of this species were examined. It was found that complete plant regeneration occurred at highest percentage on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP, with the best response showed by shoot explants.In vitroflowering was observed on MS basal medium after six weeks. The occurrence of somaclonal variation and changes in cellular behavior fromin vivoandin vitrogrown plants were investigated through cytological studies and image analysis. It was observed that Mitotic Index (MI), mean chromosome numbers, and mean nuclear to cell area ratio ofin vitroroot meristem cells were slightly higher compared toin vivovalues. However,in vitroplants produced lower mean cell areas but higher nuclear areas when compared toin vivoplants. Thus, no occurrence of somaclonal variation was detected, and this was supported by morphological features of thein vitroplants.

scholarly journals Mechanobiology of Epithelia From the Perspective of Extracellular Matrix Heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra N. Kozyrina ◽  
Teodora Piskova ◽  
Jacopo Di Russo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Matrix Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the complexity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its variability is a necessary step on the way to engineering functional (bio)materials that serve their respective purposes while relying on cell adhesion. Upon adhesion, cells receive messages which contain both biochemical and mechanical information. The main focus of mechanobiology lies in investigating the role of this mechanical coordination in regulating cellular behavior. In recent years, this focus has been additionally shifted toward cell collectives and the understanding of their behavior as a whole mechanical continuum. Collective cell phenomena very much apply to epithelia which are either simple cell-sheets or more complex three-dimensional structures. Researchers have been mostly using the organization of monolayers to observe their collective behavior in well-defined experimental setups in vitro. Nevertheless, recent studies have also reported the impact of ECM remodeling on epithelial morphogenesis in vivo. These new concepts, combined with the knowledge of ECM biochemical complexity are of key importance for engineering new interactive materials to support both epithelial remodeling and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the structure and heterogeneity of the ECM before discussing its impact on the epithelial mechanobiology.

scholarly journals Nanobody-directed targeting of optogenetic tools to study signaling in the primary cilium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Raymond Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ciliary Signaling

SummaryCompartmentalization of cellular signaling forms the molecular basis of cellular behavior. The primary cilium constitutes a subcellular compartment that orchestrates signal transduction independent from the cell body. Ciliary dysfunction causes severe diseases, termed ciliopathies. Analyzing ciliary signaling and function has been challenging due to the lack of tools to temporarily manipulate and analyze ciliary signaling. Here, we describe a nanobodybased targeting approach for optogenetic tools that is applicable in vitro and in vivo and allows to specifically analyze ciliary signaling and function. Thereby, we overcome the loss of protein function observed after direct fusion to a ciliary targeting sequence. We functionally localized modifiers of cAMP signaling, i.e. the photo-activated adenylate cyclase bPAC and the light-activated phosphodiesterase LAPD, as well as the cAMP biosensor mlCNBD-FRET to the cilium. Using this approach, we studied the contribution of spatial cAMP signaling in controlling cilia length. Combining optogenetics with nanobody-based targeting will pave the way to the molecular understanding of ciliary function in health and disease.

Wound Healing Activity of Carbonized Rice Husk

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1196-1199
Author(s):  
Nuraly Akimbekov ◽  
Zulhair A. Mansurov ◽  
J. Jandosov ◽  
Ilya E. Digel ◽  
Mathias Gossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The carbonized rice husk (CRH) was evaluated for its wound healing activity in rats using excision models. In this study, the influences of CRH on wound healing in rat skin in vivo and cellular behavior of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro were investigated. The obtained results showed that the CRH treatment promoted wound epithelization in rats and exhibited moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. CRH with lanolin oil treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared to controls.

Cellular Dynamics on Aligned Fibrous PLGA Scaffolds

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Ng ◽  
Amrinder Nain
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Cellular Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Cell Cell

Understanding cellular dynamics is fundamental to increasing the healing and regenerative capacity of biomedical scaffolds. The ability to investigate environmental cues and cell-cell interactions in vitro with successful translation to in vivo therapies will enhance many tissue engineering technologies. Understanding the dynamics of a cell in response to external mechanical stimuli can help achieve directed cellular migration by varying cellular environment geometries. Customized scaffolds can then be designed to achieve desired cellular migration rates, cell-cell interaction pathways, increased proliferation and directed cellular differentiation platforms to achieve tissue engineering specific goals. In this study, a unique fiber manufacturing platform known as STEP (Spinneret-based Tunable Engineered Parameters) is used to create and manipulate geometrical cues for cellular migration. The cell’s reaction to these geometric cues provides valuable insight into cellular behavior, which can be used to determine the optimal engineered microenvironment. We envision that studying cellular behavior on STEP enabled customized scaffolds will aid in the design and fabrication of accurate mechanistic environments for different cell types which can then be coupled with chemical cues to achieve desired results.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Base-editing Enables a Chain Reaction Through Sequential Repair of sgRNA Scaffold Mutations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Fukushima ◽  
Yosuke Tanaka ◽  
Keito Adachi ◽  
Nanami Masuyama ◽  
Shuhei Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
A Chain

Abstract Cellular behavior is governed by the complex gene regulatory networks. Although studies have revealed diverse roles of individual genes, it has been a challenge to record or control the sequential genetic events in living cells. In this study, we designed two cellular chain reaction systems that enable sequential sgRNA expression in mammalian cells using a nickase Cas9 tethering of a cytosine nucleotide deaminase (nCas9-CDA). In these systems, the thymidine (T)-to-cytosine (C) substitutions in the scaffold region of sgRNA or TATA box containing loxP sequence (TATAloxP) are corrected by the nCas9-CDA, which leads to expression of next sgRNA. These reactions can proceed several times, thus generating cellular chain reactions. As a proof of the concept, we established a chain reaction through the repair of sgRNA scaffold mutations in 293T cells. Importantly, the results obtained in yeast or in vitro were not consistent with those in mammalian cells, suggesting that the in vivo chain reactions need to be optimized in appropriate cellular contexts. Our system may lay the foundation for building cellular chain reaction systems that have a broad utility in the future biomedical research.

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