A review on bovine hydroxyapatite; extraction and characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Moradi ◽  
Majid Pakizeh ◽  
Toktam Ghassemi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite

Abstract High rate of bone grafting surgeries emphasizes the need for optimal bone substitutes. Biomaterials mimicking the interconnected porous structure of the original bone with osteoconductive and osteoinductive capabilities have long been considered. Hydroxyapatite (HA), as the main inorganic part of natural bone, has exhibited excellent regenerative properties in bone tissue engineering. This manuscript reviews the HA extraction methods from bovine bone, as one of the principal biosources. Essential points in the extraction process have also been highlighted. Characterization of the produced HA through gold standard methods such as XRD, FTIR, electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), mechanical/thermodynamic tests, and bioactivity analysis has been explained in detail. Finally, future perspectives for development of HA constructs are mentioned.

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Hydroxyapatite: A Comparative Study of Bovine Bone Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite from Calcite

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1441-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Herliansyah ◽  
D.A. Nasution ◽  
Mohd Hamdi Bin Abdul Shukor ◽  
A. Ide-Ektessabi ◽  
Muhammad Waziz Wildan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The production of natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) specifically from cortical bovine bones and natural calcite was studied in this paper. Bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) was produced from bovine bone in bulk form by de-fatting continued with calcination at 900°C. Natural calcite hydroxyapatite (CHA) was produced by hydrothermal method. It was confirmed from XRD, FTIR, and SEM results that HA have been successfully produced from natural sources like bulk bovine bone and natural calcite. The results also show that the crystallinity of BHA is higher than CHA, matching with the hardness test results of sintered BHA and CHA.

scholarly journals Elucidation of Volatiles, Anthocyanins, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of cv. Caner Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Juices Produced from Three Juice Extraction Methods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Jurga Budiene ◽  
Gamze Guclu ◽  
Kouame Fulbert Oussou ◽  
Hasim Kelebek ◽  
Serkan Selli
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Punica Granatum L

This study deals with the characterization of the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of cv. Caner pomegranate (Punica granatum) juices obtained from three different juice extraction methods including halved pomegranate (HPJ), arils (AJ), and macerated arils (MAJ) extraction for the first time. It was found that the type of the juice extraction process had substantial effects on the volatiles, anthocyanin compositions, and antioxidant activities of the samples. Results showed that the AJ sample (593 mg L−1) had more anthocyanin compounds followed by HPJ (555 mg L−1) and MAJ (408 mg L−1) samples. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 34 volatile compounds. The highest number of volatiles was found in the MAJ sample (1872 µg L−1); thus, the aril maceration process played an important role in increasing the volatiles as compared to the HPJ (751.8 µg L−1) and AJ (710.7 µg L−1) samples. Sensory analysis showed that the HPJ sample was the most preferred and its general impression was higher as compared to the AJ and MAJ samples. The findings of this study elucidated that the juice extraction technique had a significant influence on the phytochemical profiles, sensory quality, and antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices.

scholarly journals Automated Microfossil Identification and Segmentation Using a Deep Learning Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E Carvalho ◽  
G. Fauth ◽  
S. Baecker Fauth ◽  
G. Krahl ◽  
A. C. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Identification Process

AbstractThe applicability of computational analysis to paleontological images ranges from the study of the animals, plants and evolution of microorganisms to the simulation of the habitat of living beings of a given epoch. It also can be applied in several niches, such as oil exploration, where there are several factors to be analyzed in order to minimize the expenses related to the oil extraction process. One factor is the characterization of the environment to be explored. This analysis can occur in several ways: use of probes, extraction of samples for petrophysical components evaluation, the correlation with logs of other drilling wells and so on. In the samples extraction part the Computed Tomography (CT) is of importance because it preserves the sample and makes it available for several analyzes. Based on 3D images generated by CT, several analyzes and simulations can be performed and processes, currently performed manually and exhaustively, can be automated. In this work we propose and validate a method for fully automated microfossil identification and extraction. A pipeline is proposed that begins in the scanning process and ends in an identification process. For the identification a Deep Learning approach was developed, which resulted in a high rate of correct microfossil identification (98% of Intersection Over Union). The validation was performed both through an automated quantitative analysis based upon ground truths generated by specialists in the micropaleontology field and visual inspection by these specialists. We also present the first fully annotated MicroCT-acquired publicly available microfossils dataset.

Development and Characterization of Bovine Hydroxyapatite Porous Bone Graft for Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kusumawan Herliansyah ◽  
Suyitno ◽  
Punto Dewo ◽  
Mohd Hamdi Bin Abdul Shukor ◽  
A. Ide-Ektessabi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite

The porous Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. This paper investigates the preparation and characterization of bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) porous bone graft by mixing sucrose powder as porogens with bovine bone powder. After uniaxially pressing at 156 MPa and pressurelessly sintering in air atmosphere at 1200°C for 2 hours the bioceramic showed an interconnecting porosity. The XRD analysis indicated that bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) porous bone graft resulted in this research is single phase HA and is believed to be pure HA as indicated by the peak of the diffraction patterns (JCPDS 9-432). The phase analysis also shows that BHA porous bone graft is highly crystalline with domain crystallites sizes are between ~46 to ~99 nm (~4.6 to ~9.9 Å). Several trace elements in human bone such as titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were also detected in BHA porous bone graft as indicated by SR-XRF. This object is promising for bone regeneration because the interconnecting porosity in carbonated apatite provides a good environment for bone attachment and ingrowths

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

scholarly journals Very Fast and Accurate Procedure for the Characterization of Photovoltaic Panels from Datasheet Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Laudani ◽  
Francesco Riganti Fulginei ◽  
Alessandro Salvini ◽  
Gabriele Maria Lozito ◽  
Salvatore Coco
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Minimization Technique ◽  
Accurate Procedure

In recent years several numerical methods have been proposed to identify the five-parameter model of photovoltaic panels from manufacturer datasheets also by introducing simplification or approximation techniques. In this paper we present a fast and accurate procedure for obtaining the parameters of the five-parameter model by starting from its reduced form. The procedure allows characterizing, in few seconds, thousands of photovoltaic panels present on the standard databases. It introduces and takes advantage of further important mathematical considerations without any model simplifications or data approximations. In particular the five parameters are divided in two groups, independent and dependent parameters, in order to reduce the dimensions of the search space. The partitioning of the parameters provides a strong advantage in terms of convergence, computational costs, and execution time of the present approach. Validations on thousands of photovoltaic panels are presented that show how it is possible to make easy and efficient the extraction process of the five parameters, without taking care of choosing a specific solver algorithm but simply by using any deterministic optimization/minimization technique.

Extraction of Mogroside and Limonin with Different Extraction Methods and its Modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Can Liu ◽  
Yonghai Rong ◽  
Long Rong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii

The extraction yields of mogroside from Siraitia grosvenorii fruits and limonin from orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seeds were compared with different extraction methods, respectively. Maceration extraction, stirring extraction, ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction were used for the extraction. The extraction process was modeled using the concept of thin film which provides the resistance to transfer. The results showed that the maximum yields of mogroside (4.11%) and limonin (0.65%) were obtained by ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction respectively. Owing to its shorter extraction time, flash extraction would be an economical method for the mass production of triterpenes from natural products. The model was found to be fit for the comparison of methods for the extraction and provided good correlation of the data. The model could be mainly used in the practical extraction process.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

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