Iodine Nutrition Status in Pregnant Women in Mexico

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are common nutritional problem globally. All groups of people are affected by it, but the pregnant women and their neonates are most vulnerable.Objectives: This study was carried out to see the iodine status of pregnant women using median urinary iodine concentration (MUI) as a measure of outcome. Methods: This cross sectional observational study assessed the MUI in casual urine samples from 225 pregnant women (75 pregnants from each trimester) and 75 non-pregnant healthy controls. The urinary iodine content was estimated in urine sample using the method of Dunn et al. with the modification of Sandell & Kolthoff (wet digestion method).Results: Median value of urinary iodine in pregnant women was 48.21Ug/L compared to 52.27

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IODINE STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN RESIDING IN URBAN SLUMS IN DELHI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.25002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

Spriha Rao ◽

Gurudayal Singh Toteja ◽

Neena Bhatia ◽

Supriya Dwivedi ◽

Zaozianlungliu Gonmei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Salt Iodine

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the iodine nutrition status among pregnant women in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the third-trimester pregnant women residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Urinary iodine concentration was estimated using ammonium persulfate method, and salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration.Results: Of the total 180 pregnant women, 70.6% were consuming adequately iodized salt (iodine levels ≥15 ppm). Median urinary iodine level for the pregnant women was 147.5 μg/L indicating iodine deficiency among this group. A total of 51.1% of women had urinary iodine levels <150 μg/L.Conclusion: Pregnant women belonging to slum community from Delhi have a suboptimal iodine status. Further, the proportion of women consuming iodized salt is less than the national average indicating the need to educate these women about the importance of iodine during pregnancy.

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Iodised salt contribution to iodine nutrition status of pregnant and lactating women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515001543 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 126-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haihong Zhang ◽

Shengmin Lv ◽

Zhenguo Mu ◽

Weihong Li ◽

Xia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Iodised Salt ◽

The Impact

Sufficient iodine intake by pregnant and lactating women is crucial to their offspring's cognitive development. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of iodised salt intake on the iodine status of pregnant and lactating women. Thirty towns were selected from 211 towns in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang city using probability proportionate to size sampling in this cross-sectional survey. In each selected town, forty pregnant women and forty lactating women were randomly selected to contribute urine samples to determine iodine content. The median urinary iodine content (UIC) of 1200 pregnant women in all was 146 (interquartile range (IQR) 88–239) μg/l. The median UIC in the first, second and third trimesters were 166 (IQR 92–276) μg/l, 145 (IQR 83–248) μg/l and 134 (IQR 79–221) μg/l, respectively. The median UIC in the first trimester was significantly higher than that in the third trimester (P= 0·04). The median UIC of 1200 lactating women in all was 120 (IQR 66–195) μg/l. Their median UIC in every 4-week block was higher than the WHO criteria except in weeks 25–28 and weeks 33–36 of lactation. Pregnant women's median UIC did not correlate with median salt iodine (MSI) (P= 0·402); however, there was a linear correlation between MSI and the lactating women's median UIC (P= 0·007). Iodised salt failed to provide adequate iodine to pregnant women possibly due to limited intake of iodised salt during pregnancy, though it was found to provide adequate iodine to lactating women in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang city.

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Current iodine nutrition status in Poland (2017): is the Polish model of obligatory iodine prophylaxis able to eliminate iodine deficiency in the population?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020000403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (14) ◽

pp. 2467-2477

Author(s):

Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner ◽

Joanna Konopka ◽

Grzegorz Sokołowski ◽

Agnieszka Dubiel ◽

Małgorzata Kieć-Klimczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

School Children ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Iodine Prophylaxis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Thyroglobulin Level

AbstractObjective:The monitoring of the populations’ iodine status is an essential part of successful programmes of iodine deficiency elimination. The current study aimed at the evaluation of current iodine nutrition in school children, pregnant and lactating women as a marker of the effectiveness and sustainability of mandatory iodine prophylaxis in Poland.Design:The following iodine nutrition indicators were used: urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (all participants) and serum thyroglobulin (pregnant and lactating women).Setting:The study was conducted in 2017 within the National Health Programme in five regions of Poland.Participants:The research included 300 pregnant women, 100 lactating women and 1000 school children (aged 6–12 years).Results:In pregnant women, median UIC was 111·6 µg/l; there was no significant difference in median UIC according to the region of residence. In 8 % of pregnant women, thyroglobulin level was >40 ng/ml (median thyroglobulin 13·3 ng/ml). In lactating women, median UIC was 68·0 µg/l. A significant inter-regional difference was noted (P = 0·0143). In 18 % of breastfeeding women, thyroglobulin level was >40 ng/ml (median thyroglobulin 18·5 ng/ml). According to the WHO criteria, the investigated sample of pregnant and lactating women was iodine-deficient. Median UIC in school children was 119·8 µg/l (with significant inter-regional variation; P = 0·0000), which is consistent with iodine sufficiency. Ninety-four children (9·4 %) had UIC < 50 µg/l.Conclusions:Mandatory iodisation of household salt in Poland has led to a sustainable optimisation of iodine status in the general population. However, it has failed to assure adequate iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation.

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Iodine insufficiency in pregnant women from the State of São Paulo

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/0004-2730000002979 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 282-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sabrina Maria Saueia Ferreira ◽

Anderson Marliere Navarro ◽

Patrícia Künzle Ribeiro Magalhães ◽

Léa Maria Zanini Maciel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

World Health ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

São Paulo ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Iodine Supply

Objective : The intake of adequate amounts of iodine during pregnancy is essential for the neurological development of the fetus. The aim of this study was to assess iodine nutrition status in pregnant women from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Material and methods : We analyzed urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in 191 pregnant and 58 non-pregnant women matched by age. We used the World Health Organization criteria to define sufficient iodine supply (median UIC: 150-249 µg/L among pregnant women, and 100-199 µg/L for non-pregnant women).Results : Median UIC of the pregnant women studied was lower than the recommended value (median = 137.7 µg/L, 95% CI = 132.9 – 155.9), while non-pregnant women had UIC levels within the appropriate range (median = 190 μg/L; 95% IC = 159.3-200.1). UIC was below 150 µg/L in 57% of the pregnant women.Conclusions : Although a larger sample is needed to consolidate these findings, these results raise concerns about the adequacy of the iodine supply of pregnant women in Brazil, especially considering the new determinations of the Brazilian government, which have recently reduced the concentrations of iodine in table salt to 15-45 mg/kg of salt. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):282-7

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Insufficient iodine nutrition status and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a systemic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e043505

Author(s):

Charles Bitamazire Businge ◽

Anthony Usenbo ◽

Benjamin Longo-Mbenza ◽

AP Kengne

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundAlthough subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is one of the established risk factors for pre-eclampsia, the link between iodine deficiency, the main cause of hypothyroidism, and pre-eclampsia remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to determine the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women with and without pre-eclampsia and the risk of pre-eclampsia due to iodine deficiency.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus and Africa-Wide Information were searched up to 30th June 2020. Random-effect model meta-analysis was used to pool mean difference in urinary iodine concentration (UIC) between pre-eclamptic and normotensive controls and pool ORs and incidence rates of pre-eclampsia among women with UIC <150 µg/L.ResultsFive eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference in the pooled mean UIC of 254 pre-eclamptic women and 210 normotensive controls enrolled in three eligible case–control studies (mean UIC 164.4 µg/L (95% CI 45.1 to 283.6, p<0.01, I2 >50)). The overall proportions of pre-eclampsia among women with UIC <150 µg/L and UIC >150 µg/L in two cross-sectional studies were 203/214 and 67/247, respectively, with a pooled OR of 0.01 (95% CI 0 to 4.23, p=0.14, I2 >50) for pre-eclampsia among women with UIC >150 µg/L. The overall incidence of pre-eclampsia among women with UIC <150 µg/L and UIC >150 µg/L in two cohort studies was 6/1411 and 3/2478, respectively, with a pooled risk ratio of 2.85 (95% CI 0.42 to 20.05, p=0.09, I2 <25).ConclusionAlthough pre-eclamptic women seem to have lower UIC than normotensive pregnant women, the available data are insufficient to provide a conclusive answer on association of iodine deficiency with pre-eclampsia risk.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099427.

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Iodine Nutrition Status and Thyroid Autoimmunity During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of 4635 Pregnant Women

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3781628 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Chen ◽

Chunfeng Wu ◽

Zhengyuan Wang ◽

Chunxiang Wu ◽

Yan Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional

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Stable Iodine Nutrition During Two Decades of Continuous Universal Salt Iodisation in Sri Lanka

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renuka Jayatissa ◽

Jonathan Gorstein ◽

Onyebuchi E. Okosieme ◽

John H. Lazarus ◽

Lakdasa D. Premawardhana

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Positive Association ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Goitre Prevalence

Universal salt iodisation (USI) was introduced in Sri Lanka in 1995. Since then, four national iodine surveys have assessed the iodine nutrition status of the population. We retrospectively reviewed median urine iodine concentration (mUIC) and goitre prevalence in 16,910 schoolchildren (6–12 years) in all nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the mUIC of pregnant women, drinking-water iodine level, and the percentage of households consuming adequately (15 mg/kg) iodised salt (household salt iodine, HHIS). The mUIC of schoolchildren increased from 145.3 µg/L (interquartile range (IQR) = 84.6–240.4) in 2000 to 232.5 µg/L (IQR = 159.3–315.8) in 2016, but stayed within recommended levels. Some regional variability in mUIC was observed (178.8 and 297.3 µg/L in 2016). There was positive association between mUIC in schoolchildren and water iodine concentration. Goitre prevalence to palpation was a significantly reduced from 18.6% to 2.1% (p < 0.05). In pregnant women, median UIC increased in each trimester (102.3 (61.7–147.1); 217.5 (115.6–313.0); 273.1 (228.9–337.6) µg/L (p = 0.000)). We conclude that the introduction and maintenance of a continuous and consistent USI programme has been a success in Sri Lanka. In order to sustain the programme, it is important to retain monitoring of iodine status while tracking salt-consumption patterns to adjust the recommended iodine content of edible salt.

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