scholarly journals Stable Iodine Nutrition During Two Decades of Continuous Universal Salt Iodisation in Sri Lanka

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Jayatissa ◽  
Jonathan Gorstein ◽  
Onyebuchi E. Okosieme ◽  
John H. Lazarus ◽  
Lakdasa D. Premawardhana
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Goitre Prevalence

Universal salt iodisation (USI) was introduced in Sri Lanka in 1995. Since then, four national iodine surveys have assessed the iodine nutrition status of the population. We retrospectively reviewed median urine iodine concentration (mUIC) and goitre prevalence in 16,910 schoolchildren (6–12 years) in all nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the mUIC of pregnant women, drinking-water iodine level, and the percentage of households consuming adequately (15 mg/kg) iodised salt (household salt iodine, HHIS). The mUIC of schoolchildren increased from 145.3 µg/L (interquartile range (IQR) = 84.6–240.4) in 2000 to 232.5 µg/L (IQR = 159.3–315.8) in 2016, but stayed within recommended levels. Some regional variability in mUIC was observed (178.8 and 297.3 µg/L in 2016). There was positive association between mUIC in schoolchildren and water iodine concentration. Goitre prevalence to palpation was a significantly reduced from 18.6% to 2.1% (p < 0.05). In pregnant women, median UIC increased in each trimester (102.3 (61.7–147.1); 217.5 (115.6–313.0); 273.1 (228.9–337.6) µg/L (p = 0.000)). We conclude that the introduction and maintenance of a continuous and consistent USI programme has been a success in Sri Lanka. In order to sustain the programme, it is important to retain monitoring of iodine status while tracking salt-consumption patterns to adjust the recommended iodine content of edible salt.

scholarly journals Iodine nutrition status in clinically euthyroid pregnant women attending in BSMMU

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Md. Anowar Hossain ◽  
M. Abul Hasanat ◽  
Murshed Ahamed Khan ◽  
Jobaida Naznin ◽  
Kazi Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Problem

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are common nutritional problem globally. All groups of people are affected by it, but the pregnant women and their neonates are most vulnerable.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> This study was carried out to see the iodine status of pregnant women using median urinary iodine concentration (MUI) as a measure of outcome. Methods: This cross sectional observational study assessed the MUI in casual urine samples from 225 pregnant women (75 pregnants from each trimester) and 75 non-pregnant healthy controls. The urinary iodine content was estimated in urine sample using the method of Dunn et al. with the modification of Sandell &amp; Kolthoff (wet digestion method).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Median value of urinary iodine in pregnant women was 48.21Ug/L compared to 52.27</p>

scholarly journals Iodised salt contribution to iodine nutrition status of pregnant and lactating women

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihong Zhang ◽  
Shengmin Lv ◽  
Zhenguo Mu ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iodised Salt ◽  
The Impact

Sufficient iodine intake by pregnant and lactating women is crucial to their offspring's cognitive development. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of iodised salt intake on the iodine status of pregnant and lactating women. Thirty towns were selected from 211 towns in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang city using probability proportionate to size sampling in this cross-sectional survey. In each selected town, forty pregnant women and forty lactating women were randomly selected to contribute urine samples to determine iodine content. The median urinary iodine content (UIC) of 1200 pregnant women in all was 146 (interquartile range (IQR) 88–239) μg/l. The median UIC in the first, second and third trimesters were 166 (IQR 92–276) μg/l, 145 (IQR 83–248) μg/l and 134 (IQR 79–221) μg/l, respectively. The median UIC in the first trimester was significantly higher than that in the third trimester (P= 0·04). The median UIC of 1200 lactating women in all was 120 (IQR 66–195) μg/l. Their median UIC in every 4-week block was higher than the WHO criteria except in weeks 25–28 and weeks 33–36 of lactation. Pregnant women's median UIC did not correlate with median salt iodine (MSI) (P= 0·402); however, there was a linear correlation between MSI and the lactating women's median UIC (P= 0·007). Iodised salt failed to provide adequate iodine to pregnant women possibly due to limited intake of iodised salt during pregnancy, though it was found to provide adequate iodine to lactating women in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang city.

scholarly journals Salt Consumption Patterns and Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women in Coastal Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Moh Moh Hlaing ◽  
Mya Ohnmar ◽  
Sandar Tun ◽  
Thidar Khine ◽  
Theingi Thwin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Salt Consumption

Iodine Nutrition Status in Pregnant Women in Mexico

Thyroid ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo García-Solís ◽  
Juan Carlos Solís-S ◽  
Ana Cristina García-Gaytán ◽  
Vanessa Amaranta Reyes-Mendoza ◽  
Ludivina Robles-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition

scholarly journals Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women in an Iodine-Sufficient Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husref Tahirović ◽  
Alma Toromanović ◽  
Adem Balić ◽  
Sanja Grbić ◽  
Daniella Gnat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in region of excess iodine intake of Eastern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Saroj Thapa ◽  
Madhab Lamsal ◽  
Rajendra K. Chaudhari ◽  
Basanta Gelal ◽  
Saroj Kunwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Excess Iodine

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Iodine deficiency as well as iodine excess can result in an increased prevalence of thyroid disorders. The prevalence of excess iodine nutrition is increasing all over the world. The aim of the present study was to find the occurrence of iodine nutrition status in primary school children of Eastern Nepal and find the prevalence of associated thyroid dysfunction among those with excess urinary iodine concentration.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Udayapur district which is located in Eastern part of Nepal. Primary school aged children (6 years to 12 years) were enrolled in this study from three schools. Blood and urine samples were collected and assayed for urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free thyroid hormones (fT<sub>3</sub> and fT<sub>4</sub>), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The median UIC was 232.27 µg/L. The iodine status showed that 15.5% (n=31) had low UIC, 21% (n=42) had above requirement and 36% (n=72) had excessive iodine nutrition status. The mean concentration of fT<sub>3</sub> and fT<sub>4</sub> was 2.87 pg/ml and 1.21 ng/dl respectively, while the median TSH concentration was 3.03 mIU/L. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10% (n=20) with subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common. Majority of participants with subclinical hypothyroidism had excess UIC.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Above requirement and excess iodine nutrition is more common in region where there is unregulated consumption and improper monitoring of iodized salt. Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in regions of excess iodine nutrition.</p>

scholarly journals Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Hynes ◽  
Judy Seal ◽  
Petr Otahal ◽  
Wendy Oddy ◽  
John Burgess
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

In Australia, pregnant women are advised to take an iodine supplement (I-supp) (150 µg/day) to reduce risks to the foetus associated with iodine deficiency (ID). To examine the impact of this recommendation on iodine status, and to identify factors that contribute to adequacy during gestation, supplement use and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was measured in 255 pregnant women (gestation range 6 to 41 weeks) in Tasmania. The median UIC (MUIC) of 133 µg/L (Inter-quartile range 82–233) was indicative of ID, being below the 150–249 µg/L range for adequacy during pregnancy. Women taking an iodine-containing-supplement (I-supp) had a significantly higher MUIC (155 µg/L) (n = 171) compared to the combined MUIC (112.5 µg/L) (n = 84) of those who had never (120 µg/L) (n = 61) or were no longer taking an I-supp (90 µg/L) (n = 23) (p = 0.017). Among women reporting I-supp use, the MUIC of those commencing the recommended 150 µg/day prior to conception was significantly higher than those starting supplementation following pregnancy confirmation: 196 (98–315) µg/L (n = 45) versus 137.5 (82.5–233.5) µg/L (n = 124), p = 0.032. Despite recommendations for iodine supplementation pregnant Tasmanian women remain at risk of ID. Commencing an I-supp of 150 µg/day prior to conception and continuing throughout pregnancy is required to ensure adequacy. Timely advice regarding the importance of adequate iodine nutrition, including supplementation is needed to reduce the risk of irreversible in utero neurocognitive damage to the foetus.

scholarly journals A study on the influencing factors of urinary iodine concentration and the relationship between iodised salt concentration and urinary iodine concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zou ◽  
Gangqiang Ding ◽  
Xiaoming Lou ◽  
Zhe Mo ◽  
Wenming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Salt Iodine ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to explore the influencing factors of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the relationship between iodised salt concentration and UIC in order to give suggestions for the surveillance of iodine nutrition status. For this purpose, a multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed in the present cross-sectional study. Correlations between UIC and salt iodine concentration were evaluated by Spearmen's correlation analysis. Risk factors of having a lower UIC were identified by logistic regression analysis, and the equations of UIC and salt iodine concentration were fitted by curve regression analysis. The median UIC was found to be 162·0 (25th–75th percentile 98·2–248·6) μg/l. The UIC was correlated with salt iodine concentration (Spearman's ρ = 0·144, P< 0·05). The multiple logistic regression analysis found the following influencing factors for having a lower UIC: age (OR 0·98, 95 % CI 0·98, 0·98, P< 0·05); sex (OR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·92, P< 0·05); education level (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·90, P< 0·05); status of occupation (OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·86, 0·96, P< 0·05); occupation (OR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·05, P< 0·05); pickled food (OR 1·24, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·42, P< 0·05); salt iodine concentration (OR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·03, P< 0·05). The curve regression analysis found that UIC (y) and salt iodine concentration (x) could be expressed by the following equation: y= 1·5772x1·4845. In conclusion, the median UIC of individuals in Zhejiang Province falls within optimal status as recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/International Council for Control of IDD. To maintain optimal iodine nutrition status, salt iodine concentration should be in the range of 16·4 to 34·3 mg/kg.

scholarly journals IODINE STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN RESIDING IN URBAN SLUMS IN DELHI

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Spriha Rao ◽  
Gurudayal Singh Toteja ◽  
Neena Bhatia ◽  
Supriya Dwivedi ◽  
Zaozianlungliu Gonmei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Salt Iodine

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the iodine nutrition status among pregnant women in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the third-trimester pregnant women residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Urinary iodine concentration was estimated using ammonium persulfate method, and salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration.Results: Of the total 180 pregnant women, 70.6% were consuming adequately iodized salt (iodine levels ≥15 ppm). Median urinary iodine level for the pregnant women was 147.5 μg/L indicating iodine deficiency among this group. A total of 51.1% of women had urinary iodine levels <150 μg/L.Conclusion: Pregnant women belonging to slum community from Delhi have a suboptimal iodine status. Further, the proportion of women consuming iodized salt is less than the national average indicating the need to educate these women about the importance of iodine during pregnancy.

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