scholarly journals State-Level Policy Stigma and Non-Prescribed Hormones Use among Trans Populations in the United States: A Mediational Analysis of Insurance and Anticipated Stigma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon D Hughes ◽  
Kristi E Gamarel ◽  
Wesley M King ◽  
Tamar Goldenberg ◽  
James Jaccard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Anticipated Stigma

Abstract Background Medical gender affirmation (i.e., hormone use) is one-way transgender (trans) people affirm their gender and has been associated with health benefits. However, trans people face stigmatization when accessing gender-affirming healthcare, which leads some to use non-prescribed hormones (NPHs) that increase their risk for poor health. Purpose We examined whether healthcare policy stigma, as measured by state-level trans-specific policies, was associated with NPHs use and tested mediational paths that might explain these associations. Because stigmatizing healthcare policies prevent trans people from participation in healthcare systems and allow for discrimination by healthcare providers, we hypothesized that healthcare policy stigma would be associated with NPHs use by operating through three main pathways: skipping care due to anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, skipping care due to cost, and being uninsured. Methods We conducted analyses using data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. The analytic sample included trans adults using hormones (N = 11,994). We fit a multinomial structural equation model to examine associations. Results Among trans adults using hormones, we found that healthcare policy stigma was positively associated with NPHs use and operated through insurance coverage and anticipating stigma in healthcare settings. The effect sizes on key predictor variables varied significantly between those who use supplemental NPHs and those who only use NPHs suggesting the need to treat NPHs use as distinct from those who use supplemental NPHs. Conclusions Our work highlights the importance of healthcare policy stigma in understanding health inequities among trans people in the USA, specifically NPHs use.

Stepfamily Closeness and Depression Among American Indian Emerging Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P. Ward ◽  
Gordon E. Limb ◽  
Sarah Higbee ◽  
Helena Haueter
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Biological Parent ◽  
Parent Child

Stepfamilies are one of the fastest growing family structures among all racial groups in the United States. Stepfamily research among many racial groups, specifically American Indians, is virtually nonexistent. This is unfortunate, as American Indians are more likely to divorce and remarry compared with other populations. From a family systems perspective, this study examined whether retrospectively perceived closeness in three stepfamily relationships, namely child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling, were negatively associated with depression scores in 226 American Indian emerging adults. A structural equation model showed that increased child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling closeness predicted decreased depression scores, whereas child–residential stepparent closeness did not. We also found that depression scores significantly predicted retrospective perceptions of child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling closeness. Findings encourage interventions that strengthen American Indian child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling relationships, and underscore the need for further research that explores American Indian stepfamily relationships.

What Makes Families Healthy? Examining Correlates of Family Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110428
Author(s):  
Quenla Haehnel ◽  
Caitlin Whitehead ◽  
Eliza Broadbent ◽  
Carl L. Hanson ◽  
AliceAnn Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Conceptually, family health is crucial for individual health across the lifespan, yet previous research has lacked a validated family health measure. The current study examines the relationships between individual physical (physical activity) and mental health (depressive symptoms and executive functioning) and social determinants of health (socioeconomic status) with four domains of family health using a recently validated family health measure. The sample included 1050 US adults (40.30 years; 53.78% female) that completed a survey. The results of the structural equation model revealed that depression was associated with reduced family health across all domains. Executive functioning was associated with better family social and emotional processes and family healthy lifestyle. Physical activity was associated with improved family healthy lifestyle only. Income was positively associated with each domain, but subjective SES was not associated with any domain. The findings indicate the interconnectedness of family health and individual factors, particularly with depression and wealth.

Why Do People Resist Patient Portal Systems?

2019 ◽  
pp. 407-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahae Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Use Of Technology

The implementation of patient portal systems (PPS) has potential benefits to both healthcare providers and their patients. However, evidence shows that PPS are being resisted by patients. Little research in IS has addressed this phenomenon. To understand PPS resistance, this study uses the dual factor model of IT usage to develop an integration of the user resistance model (URM) with the universal theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Survey data were used to test the integrative model. A total of 265 responses were gathered from patients at a large international hospital. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (EQM). The results revealed resistance to change as an inhibitor to intentions to use the PPS. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating resistance to change with the technology use research, especially in healthcare settings. Moreover, this study is considered to be among the few studies in IS to incorporate patients' perspectives regarding new healthcare technology.

Constructing Structural Equation Model Rule-Based Fuzzy System with Genetic Algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
EnDer Su ◽  
Thomas W. Knowles ◽  
Yu-Gin Fen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Inference System ◽  
United States Dollar

The present study uses the structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the correlations between various economic indices pertaining to latent variables, such as the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) value, the United States Dollar (USD) value, and USD index. In addition, a risk factor of volatility of currency returns is considered to develop a risk-controllable fuzzy inference system. The rational and linguistic knowledge-based fuzzy rules are established based on the SEM model and then optimized using the genetic algorithm. The empirical results reveal that the fuzzy logic trading system using the SEM indeed outperforms the buy-and-hold strategy. Moreover, when considering the risk factor of currency volatility, the performance appears significantly better. Remarkably, the trading strategy is apparently affected when the USD value or the volatility of currency returns shifts into either a higher or lower state.

scholarly journals A Mediation and Moderation Model of Social Support, Relationship Quality and Social Commerce Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9889
Author(s):  
Md. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Minho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Social

This study examines the antecedents of social commerce intention by conceptualizing a model that includes two exogenous variables; relationship quality and social support, and an endogenous variable; social commerce, along with a mediation effect of relationship quality and moderation effect of cultures. This research model is tested by survey data collected in the United States and Korea, analyzed by a structural equation model. The results reveal that relationship quality generates the social commerce intention through commitment, satisfaction and trust, and becomes a maiden study with its mediating effect on social commerce intention. Social commerce intention is highly representative of social sharing and social shopping on social media. The social support is measured through emotional and informational support, proving to be a stronger predictor of relationship quality and social commerce intention. In addition, social support articulates differences in respect to the cultural differences. The model offers valuable insights to researchers and practitioners that aims to improve social commerce intention.

Modeling the Effects of Educational Resources on Student Achievement

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Della Sala ◽  
Robert C. Knoeppel ◽  
Russ Marion
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
School Finance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Allocation Policy

The convergence of standards, accountability, and school finance policies necessitates a systematic rethinking about how state-level resource allocation policies can be created to distribute resources in a manner that provides equal educational opportunities for all students. Given the demand for policymakers to distribute adequate resources to improve schools’ capacities to increase student learning, there is a need for evidence detailing the effects of those educational resources on student achievement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discern the effects of educational resources on student achievement using structural equation modeling. Using data from a southeastern state in the United States, the authors offer resource allocation policy recommendations that align with the state’s constitutional obligation to provide equality of educational opportunity, particularly for students living in poverty.

scholarly journals Organic Cotton Clothing Purchase Behavior: A Comparative Study of Consumers in the United States and Bangladesh

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-386
Author(s):  
Md Nakib Ul Hasan ◽  
Chuanlan Liu ◽  
Bulbul Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Organic Cotton ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Purchase Behaviors

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences and similarities of organic cotton clothing (OCC) purchase behaviors of the consumers who lie at the top and the bottom of the apparel supply chain. The influences of consumers’ sustainability knowledge and social norms on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions were examined to understand within the framework of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Sample data were collected from the United States and Bangladesh and, finally, 136 useable responses were used for the data analysis. Among the useable responses, 85 samples were from the US (containing 91.76% female participants and 4.71% male participants) and 51 responses were from the Bangladesh sample (containing 7.84% female participants and 88.24% male participants). A structural equation model was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings showed that for US consumers, sustainability knowledge was a powerful predictor of positive attitudes towards OCC, while for Bangladeshi consumers, it was not. In the context of social norms, Bangladeshi consumers demonstrated a strong positive attitudes formation whereas American consumers were found to display less strong relationships. OCC marketers and retailers should concentrate on educating consumers about the real benefits of organic cotton consumption by disseminating proper information about organic cotton fiber and its processing.

Horizontal, Vertical, and Hybrid: An Empirical Look at the Forms of Accountability

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410-1438
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick ◽  
Tansu Demir ◽  
Bruce Perlman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
City Managers ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Survey Sample

The existing accountability research in public administration either provides conceptual analyses and definitions of forms of accountability or case studies on accountability. They focus on the structure of responsibility or responding behavior. This article is different in that it tests actors’ perceptions of the three commonly cited forms of accountability identified in the literature—vertical, horizontal, and hybrid. We test accountability on a national survey sample of city managers across the United States. Our structural equation model indicates that there is both vertical and horizontal accountability present in city governments in the United States supporting a hybrid model. The results of this study add to the literature because most of the existing research on accountability does not test this important relationship nor examine actors’ perceptions.

Neighborliness with Ethnic Groups in the United States: Modeling its News Antecedents and Health Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Online News ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
News Use

The current study builds and empirically tests a theoretical model in which news use influences health outcomes directly and indirectly, as mediated by neighborliness with specific ethnic groups. With telephone survey data from 2007, a well-fitting structural equation model indicates direct and indirect effects of news use measures on two health outcomes: health status and stress. Effects of newspaper news use were more favorable than those via television and online news, and effects of neighborliness with whites and with Asians were more favorable on health outcomes than effects of neighborliness with blacks and with Hispanics.

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