Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-chou Poo ◽  
H. A. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
New Religion

This chapter first provides a historical background for the development of Christianity in Rome and Buddhism in China. It illustrates in both China and Rome, the story of a new religion cannot be told in simple terms of “conquest” or even “success.” Both Buddhism and Christianity faced resistance from elites and commoners alike; to gain acceptance, both engaged in processes of accommodation and adaptation that changed the new faith as much as they changed the old culture. Chapters in the volume are grouped into three parts: Part 1, “Initial Encounters and Causes of Resistance,” considers the obstacles each new religion encountered; Part 2, “Interaction, Influence, and Accommodation,” pursues this theme of adaptation and cross-pollination; Part 3, “Synthesis and Assimilation,” looks at a further stage in this process whereby these new belief systems both altered and were altered by the material life of the old society, including art, architecture, and daily life.

scholarly journals Media Ethnography in Diasporic Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Putut Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Media Ethnography ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media And Communication ◽  
Diasporic Communities

Media and communication technology plays a crucial role in diasporic communities by helping members to maintain complex connections with their places of origin, and at the same time to live their life in the diaspora. The social interactions, belief systems, identity struggles, and the daily life of diasporic communities are indeed reflected in their media consumption and production. A researcher can apply media ethnography to uncover some of the deeper meanings of diasporic experiences. However, a researcher should not take media ethnographic methods lightly since a variety of issues must be addressed to justify its use as a legitimate approach. This article examines various forms of media ethnographic fieldwork (multi-sited ethnography), issues related to researching one’s own community (native ethnography), and the debates surrounding duration of immersion in ethnography research within the context of diasporic communities. Careful consideration of such issues is also necessary to establish the “ethnographic authority” of the researcher.

scholarly journals Eco-Cosmologies and Biodiversity Conservation: Continuity and Change among the Karbis of Assam

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjal Kumar Sarma ◽  
Indrani Barpujari
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
New Religion

Eco-cosmologies of indigenous communities which regard the world of humans and the world of nature as closely related to each other, and rites and rituals based on such belief systems are important for the conservation of nature. The objective of this paper is to examine how the culture, particularly the cosmologies and religious beliefs of a indigenous tribal group-the Karbis living near Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India have insinuations for the conservation of natural resources. Based on fieldwork conducted in two Karbi villages, one still adhering to the traditional religion with a deep seated reverence for nature and all life forms, and the other which has converted to a new religion, the paper throws light on the changes and challenges to the indigenous ecological ethos in the present context.

Models of and Beliefs About Disability

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-99
Author(s):  
Rhoda Olkin
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Illness Beliefs ◽  
Models Of Disability

The four activities in this chapter focus on how disability is conceptualized. Students’ illness beliefs are explored in one activity, and they compare their beliefs with those of a peer. A second activity involves finding examples of the three models of disability (moral, medical, and social) in various media venues. Having found examples in daily life students then interview a peer about their beliefs and models of disability, and then reverse roles. The understanding of models in others’ belief systems are a necessary step before exploring one’s own model of disability, which students typically find more difficult. Lastly, students explore what it might be like to be newly diagnosed with a disability, as this is an experience they will encounter with clients.

Hallucinogens: Spiritual and Therapeutic Use, Overuse, and Complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Grob
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Mental Health Clinicians ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Cultural Upheaval

A fascinating class of psychoactive substances possessing a long and mysterious history of human use are the classic hallucinogens. Forming a vital component of prehistorical and aboriginal culture and belief systems, hallucinogens were ultimately condemned and repressed by evolving civilizations, only to the “rediscovered” in the 20th century. Of compelling interest to anthropologists, ethnobotanists, pharmacologists, medical scientists, and mental health clinicians, their use was diverted to the general culture, particularly among youth during the politically tumultuous 1960s: it was determined to be the cause of a period of cultural upheaval associated with a perceived public health crisis. After decades of quiescence, however, the careful examination of hallucinogens under rigorous and approved research conditions has resumed. This chapter will explore the historical background, neuropharmacology, cultural use, risks of adverse events/addiction, recent renaissance of controlled research, and models for optimal use and implications for the future.

People and Places

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
Current Events

This chapter provides a basic outline of Afghanistan's land and peoples. It describes how the various tribal and ethnic groups of Afghanistan work, because they have all played key roles in Afghanistan's history and remain vital in understanding current events there. Furthermore, this chapter introduces what Afghans themselves take for granted: their geography, religion, subsistence economy, and architecture, along with the persistent aspects of social organization in which they ground their lives. Finally, the chapter applies ibn Khaldun's classic model of Middle Eastern political organization to Afghanistan, arguing that, far from participating in a single political sphere, Afghanistan has always been two worlds, interacting but unintegrated. Its contrasting patterns of subsistence, social organization, and regional political structures underlie long-standing ethnic and tribal divisions, constituting elements of material life and social organization that have persisted for centuries, even millennia, and setting the framework for daily life as it is ordinarily lived.

scholarly journals Ludruk: Masihkah Ritus Modernisasi?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Azali
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
New Order ◽  
Literature Reviews

Ludruk is a traditional folk-show drama from East Java, whose actors, producers and spectatorsgenerally come from the working class, with stories closely related to their daily life. In 1960s, whenJames L. Peacock did his extensive research, ludruk was at the peak of its “golden age”, which heregarded as “rites of modernization”. However, during the New Order era, ludruk lost its political,social and financial supports. Revival attempts thus far, amidst the boom of economic developmentand other forms of entertainment, have not been particularly successful. This paper attempts tosketch a historical background based mostly on literature reviews and field visits to ludruk shows toanalyze its relevance in contemporary Surabaya.

Commentaries on the Later Books of the Hebrew Bible

Rashi ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Avraham Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Literary Devices

This chapter assesses Rashi's commentaries on the later books of the Hebrew Bible. In his commentaries on the later books of the Hebrew Bible (the Prophets and the Writings, collectively referred to by the Hebrew acronym Nakh), Rashi made extensive use of rabbinic material, though to a lesser degree than in his commentary on the Torah. About a quarter of the commentary on the Torah is original material; in the commentaries on Nakh, the figure is about two-thirds, the amount varying with the nature of each book and its commentary. Rashi makes less use of midrashic language, and the commentaries differ somewhat in character too. In addition, he gives more consideration to historical background, to literary devices, and, especially, to anti-Christian polemic. The chapter then looks at how questions of language and grammar, as well as references to daily life, receive considerable attention in Rashi's commentaries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Indonesia Confucians Understanding Towards Religious Doctrines and Ordinances in Confucianism

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Sugiato Lim
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Elements

To a great extent, daily life of Indonesia Chinese community is filled with religious overtones. This paper basically analyzes the understanding of Indonesia Confucians towards their religion. The first part of this paper will be discussing about the general definition of religion and its religious elements. The second part will analyze the understanding of Indonesia Confucians towards their religious doctrines and ordinances respectively. In conclusion, overview regarding Indonesia Confucians and a special historical background of Indonesia Confucianism, which consists of its formation and development as a legal religion in line with Indonesia national conditions, social conditions and characteristic, will be presented.   

scholarly journals Design and Research of Wrist-Assisted Recovery Robot Hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2074 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
Junzheng Zhang ◽  
Cunfeng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Robot Hand ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Times

Abstract With the gradual development of the times, people’s material life has been greatly improved. All kinds of sports have become an indispensable part of people’s life, but sports are always accompanied by certain risks. People injured by sports show an increasing trend every year. However, it can be found that among many rehabilitation instruments, there is not much research on wrist rehabilitation instruments, which leads to the restoration of bandage splint or plaster fixation in most of the time. These traditional methods have the problems of slow recovery cycle, difficult disassembly and complex replacement. At the same time, most of the wrist rehabilitation instruments that have been developed are large and medium-sized instruments, which can not be carried, can not play a real-time protective role, and can not be well applied to daily life. Therefore, a wearable periodic recovery robot with traditional strap splint, modern transmission and flexible positioning is proposed.

scholarly journals A Study on the Xiuxing of Contemporary Horchin Mongolian Shamanism

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Yumin Lun ◽  
Xiaomei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Ordinary Person ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
And Training

Research has been carried out on the procedures for recruiting and training shamans among the Horchin (mainly in Tongliao City, China). This well-known problem is crucial to the development of Horchin shamanism. If a potential shaman wants to complete the transition from an ordinary person to a shaman, they need to repeat religious practices, progress spiritually, learn, and deal well with the role between their daily life and religious life. This process of Xiuxing is full of hardship. However, the issues surrounding the requirements, influencing factors, and evaluation criteria has received little attention. We have been conducting fieldwork in the Horchin area since 2013, have continuously tracked and interviewed more than 100 shamans and prospective shamans, and have obtained much fieldwork data. Through the collation, induction, and comparative study of these materials, we found that Horchin shamans are required to study the knowledge and skills of shamanism, respect their teacher, obey their principles, fulfill the duties and obligations of a shaman, and devote their lives to serving the local community. We also found that Horchin shamans are struggling to adapt their religious practices to the belief systems of the contemporary Chinese world. We also found that it is believed that, in the region, a successful shamanic career presupposes not only knowledge of rituals but also compassionate and principled behavior with respect to the clients and the community.

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