Framing and Political Decision Making: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political communicators have long used framing as a tactic to try to influence the opinions and political decisions of others. Frames capture an essence of a political issue or controversy, typically the essence that best furthers a communicator’s political goals. Framing has also received much attention by scholars; indeed, the framing literature is vast. In the domain of political decision making, one useful distinction is between two types of frames: emphasis frames and equivalence frames. Emphasis frames present an issue by highlighting certain relevant features of the issue while ignoring others. Equivalence frames present an issue or choice in different yet logically equivalent ways. Characterizing the issue of social welfare as a drain on the government budget versus a helping hand for poor people is emphasis framing. Describing the labor force as 95% employed versus 5% unemployed is equivalency framing. These frames differ not only by their content but also by the effects on opinions and judgements that result from frame exposure as well as the psychological processes that account for the effects. For neither emphasis nor equivalence frames, however, are framing effects inevitable. Features of the environment, such as the presence of competing frames, or individual characteristics, such as political predispositions, condition whether exposure to a specific frame will influence the decisions and opinions of the public.

scholarly journals Conditional legitimacy: How turnout, majority size, and outcome affect perceptions of legitimacy in European Union membership referendums

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Arnesen ◽  
Troy S Broderstad ◽  
Mikael P Johannesson ◽  
Jonas Linde
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decision Making

This conjoint study investigates the type of mandate a referendum confers in the political decision-making process. While a majority of citizens in general believe that the government should follow the results of a referendum on European Union membership, its perceived legitimacy in the eyes of the public heavily depends upon the level of turnout, the size of the majority, and the outcome of the specific referendum in question. Thus, whether a referendum legitimizes a political decision in the eyes of the public is conditional upon these three dimensions.

Political Legitimacy Under Epistemic Constraints

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Peter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epistemic Constraints ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making

The aim of this chapter is to provide an epistemological argument for why public reasons matter for political legitimacy. A key feature of the public reason conception of legitimacy is that political decisions must be justified to the citizens. They must be justified in terms of reasons that are either shared qua reasons or that, while not shared qua reasons, support the same political decision. Call the relevant reasons public reasons. Critics of the public reason conception, by contrast, argue that political legitimacy requires justification simpliciter—political decisions must be justified in terms of the reasons that apply. Call the relevant reasons objective reasons. The debate between defenders and critics of a public reason conception of political legitimacy thus focuses on whether objective reasons or public reasons are the right basis for the justification of political decisions. I will grant to critics of a public reason conception that there are objective reasons and allow that such reasons can affect the legitimacy of political decisions. But I will show, focusing on the epistemic circumstances of political decision-making, that it does not follow that the justification of those decisions is necessarily in terms of those reasons.

How the Government to Strengthen the Construction of Electronic Government by the Means of the New Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 6458-6461
Author(s):  
Li Hou ◽  
Jian Jiao ◽  
Bang Fan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Political Decision Making

Comparing with the tradition media, the emerging media grounded in the new technology has more technological advantages and more expansive prospect in terms of application. The emerging media is significant for the construction of e-Government. The government should take advantage of the platform of emerging media to actively promote the disclosure of information, to build the mechanism of dialogue to strengthen the democracy of political decision-making, and to listen to the voice of the public and promote the network supervision.

scholarly journals The Russian Political Elite in the Context of Modern Political Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Martynova ◽  
◽  
D.M. Feoktistova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decision Making

the author analyzes the problems of the activity and development of the political elite. The current political situation in Russia puts forward new requirements for the functioning of the management system of state institutions and determines the need for professionally trained, highly moral personnel of the modern political elite. The paper considers the possibility of introducing modern and progressive mechanisms of interaction between the government and society – crowdsourcing, which involves the wide involvement of citizens with an active civic position and public associations in the process of public discussion and political decision-making.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
John Gastil ◽  
Katherine R. Knobloch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ballot Measures ◽  
Ballot Measure ◽  
Political Decision Making

Citizens are often asked to make decisions about ballot measures, but they rarely have access to reliable information with which to make those decisions. This chapter tells the story of Seattle’s failed monorail project to explain the problems voters face when figuring out how to cast their vote. It introduces a new governing institution that could help solve that dilemma, the Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR). The CIR gathers together a small group of citizens to deliberate about a ballot measure and then pass along their findings for voters to use when making their own decisions. The CIR continues the tradition of experimental democracy, which seeks to improve the ways that citizens govern themselves. The CIR, and deliberative institutions like it, attempt to empower the public by introducing reliable information into political decision making.

scholarly journals Evidence of Psychological Targeting but not Psychological Tailoring in Political Persuasion Around Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Walker ◽  
Stephen O’Neill ◽  
Lee de-Wit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Political Persuasion

AbstractThere are numerous associations between psychological characteristics and political values, but it is unclear whether messages tailored to these psychological characteristics can influence political decisions. Two studies (N = 398, N = 395) tested whether psychological-based argument tailoring could influence participants’ decision-making. We constructed arguments based on the 2016 Brexit referendum; Remain supporters were presented with four arguments supporting the Leave campaign, tailored to reflect the participant’s strongest (/weakest) moral foundation (Loyalty or Fairness) or personality trait (Conscientiousness or Openness). We tested whether individuals scoring high on a trait would find the tailored arguments more persuasive than individuals scoring low on the same trait. We found clear evidence for targeting, particularly for Loyalty, but either no evidence or weak evidence, in the case of Conscientiousness, for tailoring. Overall, the results suggest that targeting political messages could be effective, but provide either no, or weak evidence that tailoring these messages influences political decision-making.

Marketization in a state-centred policing context: The case of Sweden

2019 ◽  
pp. 147737081988290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Hansen Löfstrand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Private Security Industry ◽  
Political Decision Making

This article examines how and why marketization of policing may occur in a historically state-centred policing context in the absence of governmental policy promoting privatization and marketization. In Sweden, a community-level marketization is increasingly becoming the new norm. It is a result of a political mobilization by the private security industry, characterized by an association of private security with the public interest in safety, an absence of national political decision-making, and pragmatic local initiatives to increase public safety, but it results in the dispersion of political decision-making that fails to ensure democratic governance of policing and security provision.

Battle to stop Ecuador re-election reform intensifies

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Prices ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Election Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decision Making

Subject The outlook for constitutional reform and presidential re-election. Significance Since the government announced its intention to revise the constitution to allow President Rafael Correa to seek re-election in 2017, the opposition has resisted the move. Various parties and coalitions have attempted to call a referendum on the issue using mechanisms in the 2008 constitution to enable greater public participation in political decision-making. The government has used its influence over public institutions to block a referendum, fearing defeat at the polls. The outcome of the conflict remains unclear six months on from when the proposal was first announced. Impacts The fragmentation of the opposition will bolster government attempts to rebuff demands for a referendum. Denying the public the opportunity to vote on constitutional reform will undermine the legitimacy of the president and government. The economic fallout from low oil prices will complicate the government's political situation and allow for opposition gains.

scholarly journals Civic Initiative as an Instrument of Dialogue between Government and Civil Society in Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N N Yagodka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Basic Sites ◽  
Civic Activism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decision Making

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of civic initiatives in Russia, as well as their role in establishing dialogue between the government and the civil society. By the means of activity approach, the author analyzes trends in the development of civic initiatives, describes the basic sites and platforms for transmission initiatives to the government and municipal authorities, as well as examines the reasons hampering the development of civic activism in modern Russia. The author concludes that there is potential to enhance the role of civic initiatives in development and political decision-making.

The Biology of Political Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz ◽  
Seyoung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Research Philosophy ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Shed Light

The study of biology and politics is rapidly moving from being an isolated curiosity to being an integral part of the theories that political scientists propose. The necessity of adopting this interdisciplinary research philosophy will be increasingly apparent as political scientists seek to understand the precise mechanisms by which political decisions are made. To demonstrate this potential, scholars of biopolitics have addressed common misconceptions about biopolitics research (i.e., the nature-nurture dichotomy and biological determinism) and used different methods to shed light on political decision making since the turn of the 21st century—including methods drawn from evolutionary psychology, genomics, neuroscience, psychophysiology, and endocrinology. The field has already come far in its understanding of the biology of political decision making, and several key findings have emerged in biopolitical studies of political belief systems, attitudes, and behaviors. This area of research sheds light on the proximate and ultimate causes of political cognition and elucidates some of the ways in which human biology shapes both the human universals that make politics possible and the human diversity that provides it with such dynamism. Furthermore, three emerging areas of biopolitics research that anticipate the promise of a biologically informed political science are research into gene-environment interplay, research into the political causes and consequences of variation in human microbiomes, and research that integrates chronobiology—the study of the biological rhythms that regulate many aspects of life, including sleep—into the study of political decision making.

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