scholarly journals Psychological Aspects of Tobacco Control

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McGowan ◽  
Lion Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Cost

Worldwide, tobacco use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the health effects of smoking are reversible, making smoking cessation an important target for public health policy. Tobacco control is a field of public health science dedicated to reducing tobacco use and, thereby, to reducing cigarette-related morbidity and mortality. For tobacco control to be effective, it is necessary for policy makers to understand the personal and interpersonal factors which encourage people to smoke, factors which motivate smokers to quit (e.g., health, social pressure, cost), and the personal and population-level methods that are most effective at encouraging and prolonging attempts to quit. Research has identified that social norms, mental health, and individual personality factors are most associated with smoking uptake, so interventions which reduce social smoking (e.g., smoking bans, plain packaging) would be most effective at preventing uptake. Conversely, the use of cigarettes is maintained by nicotine addiction and attempts to quit are often motivated by health concerns, social pressure and the cost of tobacco products. As such, interventions that address physiological and behavioral addiction inherent in tobacco product use (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy combined with counselling), that create social pressure to stop (e.g., mass media campaigns), or that increase the cost of tobacco products are most likely to be effective at encouraging attempts to quit.

scholarly journals Overview on Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act and its implementation: current update

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Dhwanit Thakore ◽  
Mahesh Chavda ◽  
Girish Parmar ◽  
Tejal Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Almost All

Tobacco use- a major public health issue in India has an enormous effect on the lower SES population. . There is an evident link between tobacco use or consumption and poverty. The widespread use of almost all forms of tobacco among the Indian population can be attributed to the social and cultural acceptance in the country. Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 (COTPA) is the legislation that regulates tobacco in India. The prime objective of this review is to compile the literature with information about the laws regulating tobacco use and the status of implementation of tobacco control provisions covered under COTPA. Since effective tobacco control measures involve multi-stakeholders i.e public health, law, trade and commerce, industry, consumer, human rights and child development, coordinated efforts are required to successful enforcement. The outcome of the current literature is bridging the gaps to make the tobacco control a very important public health goal and thereby protect the population from the consequent morbidity and mortality due to tobacco use.

Tobacco as a Matter of Public Health: Ethical Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 494-510
Author(s):  
Kristin Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Normative Issues

This chapter considers normative issues that tobacco raises at the population level, particularly with respect to the anti-smoking strategies policymakers might pursue and the reasons and justifications underlying these strategies. After setting out several background factors that shape the debate, the chapter discusses different grounds on which state and public health actors might seek to restrict tobacco use, considering in turn those justifications that focus on protecting smokers and those that seek to protect third parties. The chapter then considers normative problems arising in relation to specific anti-smoking strategies, such as restrictions on the sale, use, and marketing of cigarettes; taxation; incentives for cessation; and denormalization strategies. Issues of paternalism and the stigma associated with smoking are also discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeje Lee ◽  
Minah Kang ◽  
Sangchul Yoon ◽  
Kee B. Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.

Dual Burden of Smoked and Smokeless Tobacco Use in India, 2009–2017: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on Global Adult Tobacco Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar Singh ◽  
Amit Yadav ◽  
Pranay Lal ◽  
Dhirendra N Sinha ◽  
Prakash C Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Dual Burden

Abstract Introduction The dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT) poses a serious challenge to tobacco control efforts. This article examines the trends and patterns of this usage in India during the period 2009–2010 and 2016–2017. Methods Data from two rounds of nationally representative cross-sectional Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009–2010 and 2016–2017 have been used. Dual use was assessed based on current smokers and SLT users in both rounds. Results Findings reveal that dual use in India has dropped from 5.3% during 2009–2010 to 3.4% during 2016–2017, a decline of nearly 10 million dual users. However, some states have added nearly 4.6 million new dual users during this period. While dual use continues to remain high in rural areas, there has been a manifold increase in urban areas. Findings revealed that intention to quit tobacco was lower among dual tobacco users as compared to single users with considerable difference between urban and rural areas. Conclusion Easy availability and affordability of SLT products compared to smoking products and restrictions on smoking in public places may have pushed current smokers and dual users to take to or intensify their SLT consumption. Measures relating to awareness, pricing, taxation, and enforcement of tobacco control laws should focus on all forms of tobacco, especially targeting high dual burden in rural and urban settings. Implications Dual form of tobacco users represent 12% of all tobacco users in the country. The study reveals that intention to quit tobacco among dual users is significantly lower than that among single tobacco product users. This requires improving public awareness about the morbidity and mortality that arises from the use of all forms of tobacco products. Efforts to restrict the availability of tobacco products should focus on licensing the sale of all tobacco products. Reduction in dual tobacco use will not only result in multiplied health benefits but also help in achieving the Non-Communicable Diseases targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes: the solution or yet another phase of the tobacco epidemic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Charles DH Parry ◽  
Bronwyn Myers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Individual

Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of death globally. For years, the tobacco industry sought to create a tobacco product that is less controversial than conventional cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes were created out of the supposed need to supply consumers of tobacco products with a less harmful tobacco product. The question remains, is it really less harmful for consumers of traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products to switch to electronic cigarettes? This article takes a closer look at the overall harm in relation to benefits of using electronic cigarettes for the individual and public health and the unintended negative consequences the introduction of electronic cigarette has had on overall public health. Given the evidence that the use of electronic cigarettes is a gateway to the use of other tobacco products especially among adolescents, we view electronic cigarettes as having the potential to cause a rebound of the tobacco use glut which the global public health community has been succeeding in reversing. We therefore support the World Health Organization’s suggestion that electronic cigarettes should be regulated as other tobacco products since there is, as yet, no harmless tobacco product. In the same vein, we view the new Tobacco Products and Electronic Delivery Systems Bill seeking to regulate electronic cigarettes in South Africa as other tobacco products as a step in the right direction.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Anti-Tobacco Laws in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Usage Control ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Harmful Effects

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and death. It is the global public health concern. In Bangladesh it is related to the tradition and also consider as a taboo of the society, that’s why people are not conscious about the harmful effects of the tobacco. The women, children and aged people are in high risk of the probable effects of tobacco. The cultivation of the tobacco also damage, displaced and unfertile the soil and putting harmful effects on environment, economy and social norms. There different patterns of tobacco as smoked or smokeless tobacco consumption (SLT). The urban people a little bit concern about the smoked tobacco rather than smokeless tobacco and the rural people have no idea about the harmful effects on smoked and smokeless tobacco. In rural areas it’s the tradition of smokeless tobacco consuming. The passive smoking also put the non-smoker specially child and aged person in high health risk. To prevent such situation Bangladesh signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2003 and ratifies in 2004 respectively and enacted laws such as “Smoking and Tobacco Products Usage (Control) Act 2005 (Amendment 2013) and related rules in 2015 as “The Smoking and Tobacco products Usage (Control) Rules 2015 and also includes some other Metropolitan Acts. The HC Division also banned the advertisement of all forms of tobacco and tobacco products by the case of Pro. Nurul Islam case (2000). This dissertation analysis the harmful effects of the tobacco usages and smoked and smokeless tobacco on Public Health, Social and Environment. This dissertation analysis the present status of tobacco control in Bangladesh and existing laws regarding to the tobacco control in Bangladesh as well. This research also examines the leading case – Prof. Nurul Islam Case for the banning of the advertisement of tobacco products as well as landmark guidelines from the High Court Division. This dissertation also analysis the loopholes of existing anti-tobacco laws in Bangladesh as well as the comparison of the legal provisions existing laws with the Indian existing laws. This dissertation also examines the activities of the government and different kinds of NGOs in Bangladesh. And lastly fifth and sixth chapter deals with the findings and recommendations that need to be implemented.

scholarly journals The Chilling Effect: Investor-State Dispute Settlement, Graphic Health Warnings, the Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Philip Morris

Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) poses significant challenges in respect of tobacco control, public health, human rights, and sustainable development. Two landmark ISDS rulings provide procedural and substantive guidance on the interaction between ISDS and tobacco control. The ISDS action by Philip Morris against Uruguay in respect to graphic health warnings raised important procedural and substantive issues. The ISDS matter between Philip Morris and Australia over the plain packaging of tobacco products highlighted matters in respect of abuse of process. In the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), there was a special exclusion for tobacco control measures in respect of ISDS. There was also a larger discussion about the role of general public health exceptions. In the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), there was a debate about the application of ISDS to intellectual property rights. In the European Union, there has been discussion of the creation of an international investment court. In the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), there has even been calls to abolish ISDS clauses altogether from both Republicans and Democrats. This article concludes there is a need to protect tobacco control measures implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2003 from further investor and trade challenges.

scholarly journals The Global Laboratory of Tobacco Control: Research to Advance Tobacco Cessation in LMICs

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Parascandola ◽  
Michele Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
High Income ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control Research ◽  
The U.S

For over half a century, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has supported research on tobacco and health, which has contributed to reductions in tobacco-caused morbidity and mortality in the U.S. But while tobacco use has been slowly declining in most high-income nations, including the US, it has continued to increase in other parts of the globe. Of the 800 million adult men who currently smoke cigarettes, over 80% are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and these countries will bear an increasing share of the health and economic burden of tobacco use. At the same time, there are additional challenges to implementing tobacco control programs in LMICs, including a diversity of tobacco products, limited capacity and resources for tobacco control, and competing health priorities. While a large body of evidence has been generated around tobacco dependence treatment and other measures in high-income countries, this work is only partly applicable to many LMICs. In this paper we focus on research needs and opportunities around tobacco cessation interventions for LMICs, highlighting four areas: understanding diverse tobacco products, development of low-cost cessation interventions, integrating tobacco cessation into health systems, and understanding tobacco use behaviors across different contexts. Expanding tobacco control research and research capacity in LMICs is crucial to reducing tobacco use and cancer rates worldwide. Furthermore, research conducted in countries around the world can yield important insights for understanding tobacco use behaviors and the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions in the US.

scholarly journals Wider Action Plan and Multidisciplinar Approach Could Be a Wining Idea in Creation of Friendly Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Natasa Gojkovic-Bukvic ◽  
Nenad Bukvic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Environmental Health Science

Herein, we proposed planning of wide transdisciplinary actions, which bring a solution for economic activity such as transportation, strongly related to pollution output with possible repercussions on climate change and public health. To solve logistics problem by introduction of common intermodal policy, and creation of more friendly transport solution, it is possible to obtain sustainable development, climate change prevention, government policy, and regulation which are all related to human health and creation of health-supportive environment. This approach permits environmental and biological monitoring same as economic results measurement by key performance indicators. This approach implementing emerging scientific knowledge in environmental health science such as genetic epidemiology aimed at understanding how genomic variation impacts phenotypic expression and how genes interact with the environment at the population level with subsequent translation into practical information for clinicians as well as for public health policy creation.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and access among 13 to 15 year olds in Kuna Yala, an indigenous region of Panama

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055736
Author(s):  
Hedley Quintana ◽  
Reina Roa
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
National Average ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundPanama has the lowest overall prevalence of tobacco use in the Americas, however rates are almost three times higher in the indigenous territory of Kuna Yala compared with the national average. Most people who smoke started during adolescence, making this a key period for tobacco control efforts.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine tobacco access and use among adolescents (13 to 15 years old) in Kuna Yala compared with nationwide Panama using data from the 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a standardised international tool for assessing key tobacco control indicators among adolescents.ResultsThe prevalence of current tobacco use among 13 to 15 year olds in Kuna Yala was 14.0% (95% CI: 11.6% to 16.9%)—almost twice the national average of 7.8% (95% CI: 6.3% to 9.4%). Half of all adolescents in Kuna Yala estimated the cost of a 20-cigarette pack as less than US$0.75, compared with 16.2% of adolescents across of Panama (p value <0.01).ConclusionsKuna Yala is one of the few indigenous territories in Spanish-speaking countries where key tobacco control indicators have recently been assessed. Higher tobacco use and lower reported cigarette prices in that region may be linked with the presence of barter economy which may give adolescents more ready access to cigarettes than in other parts of Panama. There is a need for more indigenous-specific data to help build the evidence base to improve tobacco control and reduce commercial tobacco use among indigenous peoples.

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