Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The rise of mobility and transnationalism perspectives in the social sciences has contributed to a burgeoning literature on the cross-border movements of people. Gender as a conceptual lens has increasingly taken a central stage in the analyses, unveiling unequal power relations as well as unmasking the often-hidden macro-social processes and structures that shape them. As a category of difference, gender influences individuals’ attitudes and behavior, including their decision to migrate or not across borders of nation-states. This raises the question of how transnational mobility and gender intersect in the lives of individuals. To shed light on this issue, this article takes stock of the literature on transnational migrations associated with social reproduction: labor, marriage, and reproductive migrations. Such research reveals individuals’ tactics to negotiate their transnational mobility and gender definitions: using the dominant gender scripts in the country of origin, reconciling the gender ideologies in their countries of origin and destination, or aligning their narratives to specific moral values. Transnational mobility acquires different social meanings at certain points in time and in varying contexts, whereas gender remains at large anchored to its heteronormative foundation. Finally, based on the analysis of existing studies, a more holistic approach to transnational mobility through a sexuality-inclusive, process-oriented, subjectivity- and agency-focused, and time-sensitive framework is called for.

Central Banks and the New Regulatory Regime for Banks

2019 ◽  
pp. 502-527
Author(s):  
David T. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Central Banks ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Bank Failures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The most serious global banking crisis in living memory has given rise to one of the most substantial changes in the regulatory regime of banks. While not all central banks have responsibility for regulation, because they are almost universally responsible for systemic stability, they have an interest in bank regulation. Two core objectives of regulation are discussed: lowering the probability of bank failures and minimizing the social costs of failures that do occur. The underlying culture of banking creates business standards and employee attitudes and behavior. There are limits to what regulation can achieve if the underlying cultures of regulated firms are hazardous. There are limits to what can be achieved through detailed, prescriptive, and complex rules, and when, because of what is termed the endogeneity problem, rules escalation raises issues of proportionality, a case is made for banking culture to become a supervisory issue.

Ageing and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bonding Capital

This chapter begins by considering the distinction between sex and gender. The latter constitutes the source of the social division between men and women considered as social beings. It serves as both a reflection of division and inequality and a source of difference and identity. The chapter then explores the framing of this division in terms of patriarchy and the inequalities that are organised by and structured within the relations of work and of social reproduction. It focuses next upon the consequences of such a division, first in terms of both financial assets and resources and then in terms of social relational capital, drawing upon Putnam’s distinction between bridging and bonding capital. It then considers other sources of difference that become more salient in later life, in terms of health illness and longevity. The chapter ends with the role of gender in representing later life, and the role of later life in representing gender. It concludes by distinguishing between gender as a structure shaping third age culture, and gender as a constituent in the social imaginary of the fourth age.

scholarly journals Simultaneous assessement of social skills and behavior problems: Education and gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Turini BOLSONI-SILVA ◽  
Sonia Regina LOUREIRO
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavior Problem ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The aim was to compare the social skills of preschool and school-age children, considering groups differentiated by behavior problem indicators, according to the assessment performed by parents and teachers. Children of both genders participated in this study. Parents/primary caregivers assessed 194 children and 294 children were assessed by their teachers. The results indicated that, for the parents and teachers, the children without problems were more socially skilled. The gender of the children distinguished the repertoire of social skills, according to their parents, mainly the school-age children. For the teachers, considering both school periods, girls were more socially skilled and, for both parents and teachers, boys presented more behavior problems. These data have implications for assessment and intervention procedures.

Measuring anxiety about aging across the adult lifespan

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Sargent-Cox ◽  
Masori Rippon ◽  
Richard A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Order Four

ABSTRACTBackground:The development of instruments to measure aging attitudes is an essential part of research into the role of individual differences in the aging process, giving clarification to the relationship between attitudes and behavior across the lifespan. Here we test the structural validity of Lasher and Faulkender's (1993) Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS), and explore measurement invariance across age and gender.Methods:A sample of 783 adults (42% females) age ranging from 20 to 97 years (M = 57.3, SD = 13.66) participated.Results:The first-order four-factor AAS model reflecting the original Lasher and Faulkender (1993) structure showed a better fit to the data than the second-order model. Measurement invariance for both gender and age groups (young adults 20–44 years; mid-aged adults 45–64 years, older adults 65+ years old) was found for three of the factors, but not for all items in the Fear of Losses factor. Structural covariance inequality between the Fear of Losses and Physical Appearance factors was shown between males and females.Conclusions:Findings indicate that the original AAS measures four distinct dimensions of anxiety about aging. These dimensions were shown to be generally comparable across age and gender, indicating that the AAS is a suitable measure for providing meaningful comparison of anxiety about aging across the lifespan. The exception is the Fear of Losses factor, where items may have differential meanings across groups based on cultural and social attitudes regarding aging and gender.

Political Behavior of Sexual and Gender Minorities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal G. Cravens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Political Research ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

From the late 20th and into the early 21st centuries, scholars in the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) politics have produced a substantial body of literature that explores and explains the political attitudes and behavior of sexual and gender minorities. The interdisciplinary nature of the field is reflected in the broad range of approaches and theories that attempt to explain political phenomena among LGBTQ people. The majority of the literature reveals sexual minorities to be politically distinct from heterosexuals, in that sexual minorities are more ideologically liberal and, in the United States, more likely to support Democratic partisans. Largely because of heterosexism, sexual and gender minorities are also more likely to participate in political activities that directly implicate their sexual orientation or gender identity, such as volunteering with LGBTQ interest groups or attending “Pride” events, although sexual orientation and gender identity are significant predictors of a variety of attitudes and behavior. Recent research has demonstrated that LGBTQ people also participate in politics by running for office, mounting legal challenges to discriminatory laws or government actions, and collectively organizing locally, nationally, and internationally. Explanations for LGBTQ political distinctiveness have concentrated in three broad areas: selection, embeddedness, and conversion theories. While studies have provided supportive evidence for each hypothesis, the field has also increasingly turned to intersectional evaluations that admonish researchers to interrogate intragroup LGBTQ behavioral and attitudinal heterogeneity more fully. The infusion of intersectional theory into LGBTQ political research has revealed attitudinal and behavioral distinctions among sexual and gender minorities centered on axes of race and ethnicity, nationality, religion, age, and income, among others. The critical importance of disentangling the concepts of sexual orientation and gender identity, the recognition of cross-cutting structures of oppression such as homophobia, sexism, and racism, and the emergence of subfields of LGBTQ political behavior are indicative of a burgeoning field of study. Looking to the future of LGBTQ political research, the political successes of the LGBTQ movement and evolving conceptions of sexual and gender identity have necessitated a reevaluation of LGBTQ political behavior in the 21st century. The continued diffusion of same-sex marriage, the electoral capture of LGBTQ voters, and the destabilization of identity categories that has been demanded by queer theory all pose unique challenges to the future of LGBTQ politics and political mobilization around the globe.

scholarly journals The High-hanging Fruit of the Gender Revolution: A Model of Social Reproduction and Social Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
David Calnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Equilibrium Path ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
And Gender

This article proposes an abstract sociological model of stable patriarchal social relations and feminist social change. I describe a patriarchal equilibrium of gender inequality and propose an approach for thinking about how various kinds of interventions can short-circuit the system, pushing it onto a new equilibrium path. In particular, I focus on possible interventions into parental leave policy, describing their social structural and cultural ramifications as well as a range of objections to them. However, more important than the specific interventions proposed is the general model itself, which depicts reinforcing structures of patriarchal culture, gender inequality in labor markets, and gender inequality in the home—and moreover, how this model can evolve. It describes a feedback loop that can lock structures of gender inequality in place but also provides a means for considering the spaces available to both blunt the social reproduction of gender inequality and reinforce “genderless” social relations.

The Social Image of Families of Children and Youth in Residential Care: A Characterization and Comparison With Mainstream Families With Different Socioeconomic Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 2146-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Nunes Patrício ◽  
Diniz Lopes ◽  
Margarida Vaz Garrido ◽  
Maria Manuela Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Social Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
Social Images ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Negative Attributes

The literature suggests that families of children and youths in residential care are often associated with negative social images. These images may shape prejudiced attitudes and behavior toward them and, when shared by care professionals, compromise the effectiveness of family intervention and reintegration. This study explored these social images in a sample of 176 participants with and without professional contact with this population. Participants were asked to indicate five attributes describing families of children or youths living in residential care or in mainstream environments with low or medium socioeconomic status (SES). Results indicated that both families of children and youths in residential care and families of low SES were predominantly described with negative attributes. However, only the former were characterized by dysfunctional parenting-related attributes. Medium SES families were overall described with positive attributes. Furthermore, these social images were organized in different profiles. Implications for family intervention and reintegration are discussed

The Role of Peers and Siblings in Adolescent Sexual Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Friedman ◽  
Cheryl L. Somers ◽  
Lauren Mangus
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Approval ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of peer and sibling relationships to adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Data were collected from a sample of 492 participants, ages 14 to 18 years, from a large suburban high school in the Midwest. The results revealed that more than half of the female participants were initiated into nonvirginity by experienced males, which provides some support for the social contagion theory. Perceived peer approval was the strongest predictor, with siblings also contributing. Some mediation analyses were significant as well. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Worldwide, economic development and gender equality correlate with liberal sexual attitudes and behavior: What does this tell us about evolutionary psychology?

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dory A. Schachner ◽  
Joanna E. Scheib ◽  
Omri Gillath ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Strategic Pluralism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Shortcomings in the target article preclude adequate tests of developmental/attachment and strategic pluralism theories. Methodological problems include comparing college student attitudes with societal level indicators that may not reflect life conditions of college students. We show, through two principal components analyses, that multiple tests of the theories reduce to only two findings that cannot be interpreted as solid support for evolutionary hypotheses.

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