Gender, Identity, and the Security State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie C. Schemenauer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity

Much of what goes on in the production of a security state is the over-zealous articulation of the other, which has the effect of reinforcing the myth of an essentialized, unambiguous collective identity called the nation-state. Indeed, the focus on securing a state (or any group) often suggests the need to define more explicitly those who do not belong, suggesting, not only those who do, but where and how they belong and under what conditions. Feminists are concerned with how highly political gender identities often defined by masculinism are implicated in marking these inclusions and exclusions, but also how gender identities get produced through the very practices of the security state. Feminists in the early years critiqued the inadequacy of realist, state-centric notions of security and made arguments for more reformative security perspectives, including those of human security or other nonstate-centric approaches. At the same time, feminist research moved to examine more rigorously the processes of militarism, war, and other security practices of the state and its reliance on specific ideas about women and men, femininity and masculinity. Feminist contributions from the mid-1990s through the first decade of the millennium reveal much about the relationships between gender identities, militarism, and the state. By paying attention to gendered relationships of power, they expose the nuances in the co-constitution of gender identities and the security state.

L'ethnie: les vicissitudes d'un concept

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc de Heusch
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
African History ◽  
Cultural Entities ◽  
Ideas And Institutions

In spite of recent criticisms the concept of ethnicity should be retained in anthropological analysis to designate more or less coherent cultural entities. These entities will be fluctuating, of course, due to their position in a larger social space where women, goods, ideas, and institutions are exchanged. Ethnicity is not, as some have argued, a colonial invention, but an incontestable anthropological fact, where identity is nurtured by otherness. Ethnicity does not of itself have a political vocation: traditional African states were more often than notpluri-ethnic. The ‘national’ phenomenon, the convergence of the State and ethnicity, is rare in pre-colonial African history. The nation-state is a modern phenomenon, the product of a more or less arbitrary manipulation by an elite having a certain number of ethnic traits; a political re-modelling of collective identity.

‘Become the man that women desire’: gender identities and dominant discourses in email advertising language

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mullany
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Male Heterosexual ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Gender Specific

Haraway (1985, 1991) presents a futuristic, utopian vision of a gender-free space as the distinction between human and machine becomes indistinct in the age of global technologization. This article explores how such an idealized perspective corresponds with the current reality of gender identity in cyberspace. The fluidity of gender identities is examined by conducting a linguistic analysis of the strategies advertisers use to address their targeted subjects via electronic mail (email). The option of gender neutrality is available within email as a user’s gender identity can be concealed by a non-gender specific user name, and data are analysed from a series of messages sent to a non-gender specific email account hosted by one of the world’s largest email service providers. While the fluidity of gender identity can be clearly observed, a quantitative analysis reveals that the targeted gender identity is one of heterosexual masculinity. Despite recent statistics that women now use the Internet just as frequently as men, disembodied advertisers can be viewed constructing fictional personae to entice male recipients to pay for heterosexual pornography or products to enhance male heterosexual performance. When female gender identity is invoked within these messages, women are viewed as passive and consumable (Mills, 1995). Therefore, instead of producing an environment where distinctions between genders are diminished as Haraway hoped, binary oppositions are intensified as the dominant gender discourses of femininity and masculinity are produced and reproduced through these messages.

scholarly journals RELIGIONS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF ASEAN COUNTRIES: The Rule of Law and Welfare Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Asari Taufiqurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Asean Countries

The study of the constitution could not be covered by the scope of one state only, but also  compare it with others. To strengthen cooperation between ASEAN community, we should understand the constitutional concept which follows the rule of law. Even adopted by the majority of nation-state according to with their basic type of the country and nationality (such as culture, religion or norms). To compare it, we have to discuss a more significant idea about the state. This research promoted to explain about the extent of religious content as well as prime religion which recognized on the constitution of the ASEAN countries by using normative legal research, with emphasizes result by comparison among countries. Finally, this research describes how important the religion concept (in each manuscript) to the body of the constitution, to reach “the living constitution” and to show the other side of the welfare concept in ASEAN countries with various theories of laws. The approach method is related to doctrinal legal research.

scholarly journals THE JEWISH QUESTION, SECULARIZATION AND THE NATION-STATE CRISIS IN HANNAH ARENDT: FOR A POLITICS OF PLURALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Tomas Borovinsky
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Modern Nation State

In the present paper we intend to rethink the “Jewish question”, in the context of religion’s secularization and the modern nation-state crisis, in Hannah Arendt’s political thought. She writes, on the other hand, in and over the decline of modern nation-states that expel and denationalize both foreign citizens and their own depending on the case. She also thinks as a Jew from birth who suffers persecutions and particularly theorizes on her Jew condition and the future of Judaism before and after the creation of the State of Israel. As we will see during this paper we can identify these three issues all together, particularly in the Zionist experience: modern secularization, decline of the nation-state and the “Jewish question”. And it is from these intertwined elements that we can draw a critical thinking for a politics of pluralism.

scholarly journals RELASI POLITIK DAN AGAMA DI TENGAH KETIDAKPASTIAN IDEOLOGI

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Maskuri Maskuri
Keyword(s):  
Political Islam ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Relationship

Relation between religion and nation state is a term that often be a topic discuss in terms of political Islam, there is an opinion that the relationship between religion and the state are integrated as an entity, and the other say there is a mention that religion and the state it is only a mutualistic-symbiotic, in another context mentioned implementers. And the other side, the relationship between religion and the state is not at all related to each other that called secularist-liberalis. Religion should not intervene against the state, and vice versa. However, globalization makes politic loses its meaning as a tool in the struggle for the establishment of an ideal society. Thus, this paper is more emphasis on the relation between religion and the state in politic.

Nation Building

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Yael Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Administrative Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Way

This chapter investigates what makes nations so powerful and special. It presents two reasons that come to mind: one obvious the other unexpected. The obvious one is institutional and relates to the alliance between the nation and the state. The unexpected, more surprising, reason concerns the fact that the very same features that make nations attractive allies of the modern state — namely, being natural, historical, and continuous entities — are mostly fabricated. The chapter also explores the way nationalism shaped the modern state and provided it with tools necessary to turn from an administrative service into a caring entity that takes on itself not merely the role of a neutral coordinator but also that of a compassionate and attentive mother(land). Ultimately, the chapter examines the social and political outcomes of the lean state and ponders whether some of the advantages of the nation-state could be recovered.

State, Violence, and Legitimacy in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santana Khanikar
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
State Legitimacy

How do people respond to a state that is violent towards its own citizens? In State, Violence, and Legitimacy in India, this question is addressed through insights offered by ethnographic explorations of everyday policing in Delhi and the anti-insurgency measures of the Indian army in Lakhipathar village in Assam. Battling the dominant understanding of the inverse connect between state legitimacy and use of violence, Santana Khanikar argues that use of violence does not necessarily detract from the legitimacy of the modern territorial nation-state. Based on extensive research of two sites, the book develops a narrative of how two facets of state violence, one commonly understood to be for routine maintenance of law and order and the other to be of extraordinary need for maintaining unity and integrity of the nation-state, often produce comparable responses. The book delves into the debates surrounding state–citizen relationship in India, while critically engaging with dominant notions of state legitimacy and its relation with use of violence by the state.

Ideology and Politics in the Early Years of the State of Israel, 1951–1956

Hadassah ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Mira Katzburg-Yungman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Zionist Organization

This chapter details further developments within the international Jewish community as well as Hadassah's role in these affairs. Despite Hadassah's unrelenting focus on practical work, it could not ignore the questions about the essence of Zionism that arose as a result of the establishment of the State of Israel. In the context of debates over aliyah and ḥalutsiyut, the question arose whether Hadassah was a Zionist organization or an organization of ‘friends of Israel’; the leaders of Hadassah firmly refused to ‘demote’ the organization to the level of ‘friends of Israel’. Another focus of debate between the Zionists in Israel and American Zionists was the concepts of ‘exile’ and ‘diaspora’. In this respect Hadassah, more than the other Zionist organizations in the United States, supported the view that can be defined as affirming the value and authenticity of Jewish life in the diaspora.

scholarly journals Resisting Borders: Transnational Cartographies in US Latinx Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Macarena García-Avello
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Alicia Gaspar De Alba ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The One

This article examines the evolution of the borderlands as an organizing trope by focusing on how the transcendence beyond cultural nationalist perspectives traces the shift from Chicano/a to Latinx discourses. In order to address this issue, I will analyse two twenty-first-century Latinx texts that delve into the intricate ways in which transnational forces collide with economic, cultural and political processes that persistently revolve around the framework of the nation-state: Alicia Gaspar de Alba´s Desert Blood: The Juarez Murders (2005) and Maya Chinchilla´s The Cha Cha Files: A Chapina Poética (2014). The corpus of works selected will focus on the political readings derived from textual negotiation with a changing political, social and economic reality. This results in constant tensions between globalising processes, worldwide interconnectedness and transnational interactions, on the one hand, and the regulatory power of the state, on the other.

scholarly journals PENYIMPANGAN IDENTITAS DAN PERAN JENDER Pendekatan Penelitian Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial Waria

Sosio Informa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Karinina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policies And Programs

This paper discusses the problem of gender identity and role which concerns to sociopsychological deviations. The focus of discussion relates to socio-psychological deviation in the scope of transsexual social welfare. That deviation may develop many problems in the societal life, particularly for the transsexuals themselves. The problems which are experienced by transsexuals rooted on gender identity and roles, and this impact on their daily behaviour and avtivities. As the consequencies, the others who live arroud them look their behaviour as a deviation. Among other things which become problems to transexuals are related to job, the style of dressing, Haj pilgrim for Moslems, public toilet usage etc. There are many efforts done by transexuals to obtain their gender identities for legally acception from the government. Nevertheless, the proposal for their gender identities has not been accepted yet, as it is unline with the Indonesian legislation both formal and informal.The scientists, including researchers have roles on policies and programs formulation inputs in order to empowering transexuals to become a potential human resources. On the other hand, through experimental research the concept are tested through experimental research to obtain medical psychiatric and social psychological theories.Key Words : gender identities and roles, social psychological deviations, human resourcesempowerment.

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