State, Violence, and Legitimacy in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santana Khanikar
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
State Legitimacy

How do people respond to a state that is violent towards its own citizens? In State, Violence, and Legitimacy in India, this question is addressed through insights offered by ethnographic explorations of everyday policing in Delhi and the anti-insurgency measures of the Indian army in Lakhipathar village in Assam. Battling the dominant understanding of the inverse connect between state legitimacy and use of violence, Santana Khanikar argues that use of violence does not necessarily detract from the legitimacy of the modern territorial nation-state. Based on extensive research of two sites, the book develops a narrative of how two facets of state violence, one commonly understood to be for routine maintenance of law and order and the other to be of extraordinary need for maintaining unity and integrity of the nation-state, often produce comparable responses. The book delves into the debates surrounding state–citizen relationship in India, while critically engaging with dominant notions of state legitimacy and its relation with use of violence by the state.

‘Secularism’ as understood and interpreted by Hindu nationalists

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-551
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Iwanek
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Indian State

Abstract This article focuses on how Hindu nationalists interpret the term ‘secularism’ in Hindi. I will refer to two Hindi translations of ‘secularism’: dharmnirpekṣtā and panthnirpekṣtā. The first one means indifference towards religion and the second indifference towards communities. My main point is that the Hindu nationalists’ strategy of referring to old, Sanskrit meanings of dharm (which means ‘law’ and ‘order’ aside ‘religion’ and other concepts) make it possible for them to criticise dharmnirpekṣtā and choose panthnirpekṣtā instead. Their position is that the state can only be indifferent to communities and not to dharm, as the latter would also mean being indifferent to ‘law’ and ‘order’. Such an approach helps the Hindu nationalists to claim to be in agreement with the idea of secular Indian state on one hand and promote their religion-linked ideology on the other.

scholarly journals RELIGIONS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF ASEAN COUNTRIES: The Rule of Law and Welfare Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Asari Taufiqurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Asean Countries

The study of the constitution could not be covered by the scope of one state only, but also  compare it with others. To strengthen cooperation between ASEAN community, we should understand the constitutional concept which follows the rule of law. Even adopted by the majority of nation-state according to with their basic type of the country and nationality (such as culture, religion or norms). To compare it, we have to discuss a more significant idea about the state. This research promoted to explain about the extent of religious content as well as prime religion which recognized on the constitution of the ASEAN countries by using normative legal research, with emphasizes result by comparison among countries. Finally, this research describes how important the religion concept (in each manuscript) to the body of the constitution, to reach “the living constitution” and to show the other side of the welfare concept in ASEAN countries with various theories of laws. The approach method is related to doctrinal legal research.

How Nation-States Create and Respond to Refugee Flows

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Keely
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Political Values ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Nation States

The ideal type of political organization is the nation-state, which leads to a presumption of state legitimacy when the state represents a community, based on ethnic origin or shared political values, that claims a right to persist. A nation-state tends to produce forced migration for three reasons: it contains more than one nation; the populace disagrees about the structure of the state or economy; or the state implodes due to the lack of resources. This paper elaborates a theory of refugee production and policy formation based on the dynamics of the nation-state. It concludes by addressing international refugee policy and practice in light of this theory and political changes following the end of the cold war.

scholarly journals THE JEWISH QUESTION, SECULARIZATION AND THE NATION-STATE CRISIS IN HANNAH ARENDT: FOR A POLITICS OF PLURALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Tomas Borovinsky
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Modern Nation State

In the present paper we intend to rethink the “Jewish question”, in the context of religion’s secularization and the modern nation-state crisis, in Hannah Arendt’s political thought. She writes, on the other hand, in and over the decline of modern nation-states that expel and denationalize both foreign citizens and their own depending on the case. She also thinks as a Jew from birth who suffers persecutions and particularly theorizes on her Jew condition and the future of Judaism before and after the creation of the State of Israel. As we will see during this paper we can identify these three issues all together, particularly in the Zionist experience: modern secularization, decline of the nation-state and the “Jewish question”. And it is from these intertwined elements that we can draw a critical thinking for a politics of pluralism.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Separation: Israeli Policy towards the Palestinians in the West Bank

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 149-177
Author(s):  
Paulina Codogni
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Positive Dimension ◽  
Primary Function

According to the classic view of architecture, its primary function is to create spatial law and order so as to improve the functioning of man in the architectural environment. Classical works on the theory of architecture focused on those qualities that portrayed architecture as having a clearly positive dimension, the pursuit of which should be the primary task of an architect. Is it true, however, that architecture has only one common meaning? This assertion is undermined by buildings constructed on borderlands, which are imposed on one community by another. An example is the wall being erected by Israel since 2002 to separate the state from the West Bank. While it has become a symbol of security and order for the Israelis, it is an emblem of enslavement and chaos for the Palestinians who have been trapped on the other side of the barrier.

scholarly journals RELASI POLITIK DAN AGAMA DI TENGAH KETIDAKPASTIAN IDEOLOGI

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Maskuri Maskuri
Keyword(s):  
Political Islam ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Relationship

Relation between religion and nation state is a term that often be a topic discuss in terms of political Islam, there is an opinion that the relationship between religion and the state are integrated as an entity, and the other say there is a mention that religion and the state it is only a mutualistic-symbiotic, in another context mentioned implementers. And the other side, the relationship between religion and the state is not at all related to each other that called secularist-liberalis. Religion should not intervene against the state, and vice versa. However, globalization makes politic loses its meaning as a tool in the struggle for the establishment of an ideal society. Thus, this paper is more emphasis on the relation between religion and the state in politic.

scholarly journals Summer Camps and Civil War

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-95
Author(s):  
Hannah Klapprodt
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Building Process

This project investigates the rise of the Yemeni insurgent group, AnsarAllah (commonly known as the Huthis), from its conception in the summer camps of the Zaidi Believing Youth movement to its successful rebellion against the internationally-backed Yemeni government in September 2014. The Huthi movement gained a large following by protesting government corruption, injustice, and Saudi and American activity in Yemen. A constructivist analysis of these grievances reveals flaws in the Yemeni nation-state building process as nationalist narratives were created in opposition to Zaidism—the second most practiced branch of Islam in Yemen and a defining element of Huthi identity. Under the guise of “transitional democracy,” the Yemeni state developed as a pluralist authoritarian regime that marginalized Zaidi communities. Anti-Zaidi discourse created exclusionary categories of Yemeni identity, which were intensified by a series of hostile interactions between the state and Huthi leaders. In 2004, the state rationalized violence against the Huthis by framing them as a “national security threat” and an Iranian proxy. These discourses mobilized additional domestic and international actors against the Huthis and catalyzed a series of complex conflicts that eventually culminated in the current civil war. Overall, the Huthis’ journey from summer camps to militancy was driven by marginalization in the new Yemeni nation-state, perceived threats from Saudi Arabia and the United States, and the explosion of state violence against their dissidence.

Nation Building

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Yael Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Administrative Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Way

This chapter investigates what makes nations so powerful and special. It presents two reasons that come to mind: one obvious the other unexpected. The obvious one is institutional and relates to the alliance between the nation and the state. The unexpected, more surprising, reason concerns the fact that the very same features that make nations attractive allies of the modern state — namely, being natural, historical, and continuous entities — are mostly fabricated. The chapter also explores the way nationalism shaped the modern state and provided it with tools necessary to turn from an administrative service into a caring entity that takes on itself not merely the role of a neutral coordinator but also that of a compassionate and attentive mother(land). Ultimately, the chapter examines the social and political outcomes of the lean state and ponders whether some of the advantages of the nation-state could be recovered.

scholarly journals Neo-Kantian theories of self-determination: a critique

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Plausible Account ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Cultural Terms

AbstractNeo-Kantian political theories, such as those developed by Jeremy Waldron and Anna Stilz, aim to provide an account of state legitimacy and territorial boundaries that avoids the problems faced by rival nationalist theories. Immanuel Kant’s own theory of the state appears to be biased towards the status quo, and therefore has difficulty in explaining what is wrong with rights-respecting colonialism or the annexation of one state by another. Two possible ways forward are explored. One involves making state legitimacy conditional on meeting more stringent standards of distributive justice. The other involves appealing to the idea of a self-determining ‘people’. However the latter must avoid collapsing into either a version of nationalism (if the ‘people’ are identified in cultural terms) or a form of voluntarism (if the ‘people’ are required subjectively to ‘affirm’ the regime that governs them). Thus neo-Kantian theories cannot deliver a plausible account of self-determination without, like Kant himself, tacitly invoking political identities of the kind that they seek to repudiate.

scholarly journals Resisting Borders: Transnational Cartographies in US Latinx Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Macarena García-Avello
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Alicia Gaspar De Alba ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The One

This article examines the evolution of the borderlands as an organizing trope by focusing on how the transcendence beyond cultural nationalist perspectives traces the shift from Chicano/a to Latinx discourses. In order to address this issue, I will analyse two twenty-first-century Latinx texts that delve into the intricate ways in which transnational forces collide with economic, cultural and political processes that persistently revolve around the framework of the nation-state: Alicia Gaspar de Alba´s Desert Blood: The Juarez Murders (2005) and Maya Chinchilla´s The Cha Cha Files: A Chapina Poética (2014). The corpus of works selected will focus on the political readings derived from textual negotiation with a changing political, social and economic reality. This results in constant tensions between globalising processes, worldwide interconnectedness and transnational interactions, on the one hand, and the regulatory power of the state, on the other.

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