annona (other products)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts

The annona was the imperial service responsible for overseeing the supply of key food items to the city of Rome and the army. Primarily concerned with grain, the service became increasingly involved in the provisioning of other commodities, such as olive oil, wine, and pork. By the end of the 3rd century, the annona was a complex machinery involving private and public agents in different parts of the empire, overseen by the prefect of the annona, based in Rome. The operation of this system is documented in literary texts, administrative documents such as papyri and writing tablets, inscriptions, and a rich archaeological record, in Rome and in the provinces. However, the precise working of the system and the degree to which it was controlled by the Roman state remain open to debate. The annona was also involved in the supply of the army, especially with regards to provisions brought from distant producing centres. During the later empire, the system became more centralised, being overseen by the praetorian prefecture.

scholarly journals Internal Corporate Responsibility as a Legitimacy Strategy for Branding and Employee Retention: A Perspective of Higher Education Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amir Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Ayyaz Ahmad ◽  
Rafiya Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Internal Branding ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The City

Branding activities provide space to create internal culture, processes and a kind of organizational system which allows employees to use their abilities to their maximum. Internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of an organization increase employee commitment, which ultimately enhances employee retention. There is a need to explore internal branding in relation to internal CSR for the sake of managing employee retention. Therefore, the study empirically examines the underlying associations among internal branding, employee retention and internal CSR. The data are collected from higher education institutions operating in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size was 377 faculties belonging to both private and public sector higher education institutions. The analysis is based on variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that the internal branding practices have a significant impact on employee’s intention to stay within the organization, and intrasample analysis suggests few comprehensible variations with respect to private and public academic institutions. The research article also provides insights to faculty, academic entrepreneurs and marketers, especially those belonging to developing countries and facing issues of branding and employee retention.

Women in Iranian Kurdistan: Patriarchy and the Quest for Empowerment

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110292
Author(s):  
Sahar Shakiba ◽  
Omid Ghaderzadeh ◽  
Valentine M. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Informed by sociological standpoint, intersectional, and gender regime theories, we examine perceptions of a diverse sample of Iranian Kurdish women in the city of Sanandaj about their legal status and social positions. We find perceptions of injustice, oppression, male control, and lack of opportunity associated with both the family and broader society. Kurdish women are socially located in structures and institutions of both private and public patriarchy. At the same time, their growing educational attainment and knowledge of possibilities for change enable them not only to articulate grievances but also to aspire to, and sometimes engage in, collective action for women’s rights. By focusing on an under-studied region, this article contributes to the wider literature on Kurdish women, underscores the continued salience of intersectional and standpoint approaches, and expands gender regime theorizing beyond Western cases.

scholarly journals The city as a theatre of characters. John Hejduk’s Masques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Luca Cardani
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
In Series ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
General Work ◽  
Different Parts

The architectural work of John Hejduk (1929-2000) is marked by theoretical-design research, collected in series with titles and periods. Among these series the one entitled Masques, developed since about 1979, can be considered the nucleus of his research on the architecture of the city and the place of origin of his language of construction later developed in his realized buildings. This paper analyses the dense network of references and analogies established by Hejduk to create his Masques, trying to fix its origin in the idea of the city as a theatre of characters composed of architecture. Starting from the name chosen for the title of this series, the paper tries to trace the threads that lead from the general work of the various projects of the Masques series, to the reflections and ideas that produced it. Then, it comes back again to the observation of architecture and of a case study (Security, 1989), to understand and explain its meaning and the compositional methods involved into the process of genesis of form. Through the entire work named Masques, and its recognizable link with the buildings and installation realized around the world, Hejduk has built an archive of architectural prototypes ready to construct different parts of the city, thus highlighting the strong connection that his work establishes with reality in order "to conceive it, represent it and finally realize it".

scholarly journals REVITALIZATION OF THE AREA OF FORT III GRAF KIRCHBACH AS AN ELEMENT OF RESPONSIBLE URBANIZATION OF THE CITY OF POZNAŃ

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (47) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Izabela Piklikiewicz-Kęsicka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
New Facilities

The paper aim is to examine urban and spatial possibilities of the Poznań Fort III area in the context of the implementation of the city's spacial policy. Urbanisation based on executing new facilities and investments results in the creation of diverse urban landscape. This contrast concerns not only the visual perception, but also also uneven use of different parts of the city. The aim of the study is to present a strategy for the revitalisation of the Fort Graf Kirchbach in the accordance with the principles of responsible urbanisation.

scholarly journals HETERO-TEXTUALITY AND CO-SPATIALITY: FROM THE SEMIOTICS OF THE CITY TO THE TRANS-SEMIOTICS OF THE POST-CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Zamyatin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
General Context ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Urban Narratives ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

Literary texts can be considered as the most attractive research material for analyzing the key features of both the semiotics of the city as a whole and the semiotics of individual cities, to which many works of art are devoted. The urban space of Modernity as a result of the processes of powerful semiotization can be considered as both textual and intertextual. The intertextuality of Modern urban spaces presupposes sets of “floating” topological signifiers corresponding to similar sets of “floating” topological signs. In the traditional semiotics of the city, the existence of two realities is assumed — the “real” reality and the “semiotic” reality, between which clear logical correspondences and/or relations can be observed and analyzed. The appearance of non-classical/post-classical urban narratives focused on the problems of dis-communication at the beginning of the 20th century became one of the important signs of the primary formation of the post-city and post-urbanism phenomena. The post-city is not a text and can not be regarded as a text; at the same time, it can generate separate texts that are not related to each other in any way. Post-urban texts, which are the communicative results of specific co-spatialities, remain local “flashes” that do not form a single text or meta-text (super-text). Hetero-textuality is a phenomenon of post-urban reality, which is characterized by the coexistence, as a rule, of texts that do not correlate with each other, relating to certain stable urban loci. Trans-semiotics in general context is understood as the study of any texts that involve the creation of sign-symbolic breaks or “gaps” with any other potentially possible correlating texts in the process of signification. Trans-semiotics of post-cities are studies of (literary) texts that involve the creation of sign-symbolic breaks or “gaps” with any other potentially possible correlating texts related to a particular urban locus in the process of signifying any urban loci. The post-city heterostructuality can be considered as the co-spatiality of mutually exclusive texts corresponding to “non-seeing” post-city loci. Post-urban trans-semiotics in the course of their development form a kind of “dark zones” that reject or neutralize any attempt at any semiotic interpretation.

scholarly journals MANUSCRIPTS OF THE ISLAMIC LIBRARIES IN JERUSALEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Aziz AL-ASSA
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The City

This scientific paper aims at exploring Islamic manuscripts in the Jerusalem libraries. The researcher has reached to the conclusion that those manuscripts are distributed over seven libraries in the city , namely, those of Al-Aqsa mosque, Al-Khaldiya, Budairi, Uzbeki, Al-Quds university, Isaaf Nashashibi for culture, art and literature as well as the library of the Reviving Heritage and Islamic Research Foundation in Jerusalem (Mithaq). While three of these libraries are family-owned, the other four are public and belong to the charitable Waqf. These libraries currently contain seven thousand manuscripts of seventeen thousand ones priorly existed under the Ottoman rule. This paper seeks to probe reasons behind the disappearance of this large number of the manuscripts. However, the manuscripts existing in each library will be discussed in some detail and will be categorized by the century in which they were authored or transcribed, theme ( number of manuscripts tackling a certain theme and by language they are written in. It is worth mentioning that Arabic is the dominant language, albeit Turkish, Persian and Uzbek are also used. The paper concludes with some recommendations for the sake of preserving the remaining manuscripts via inciting both private and public relevant institutions to exert efforts in this regard.

Population of Chernigov in the 10th–13th Centuries According to Paleodemographic Data

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Dolzhenko ◽  
◽  
Anna Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Different Parts

The work is devoted to the 10th–13th-century paleodemographic data regarding the city of Chernigov and its districts, and to their introduction into the scientific domain. The study is based on the data on the anthropological series of Chernigov in the 10th–13th centuries, divided into three samples according to the topographic principle. This series is characterized by a low average life expectancy in comparison to other southern Old Rus cities. The feature of the necropolises of Chernigov indicating the predominance of female burials over male ones, revealed in the 1980s, has been confirmed at a new level. A study of the demographic parameters of the Chernigov population groups in the 10th–13th centuries, united on a territorial basis, has shown differences in their structure, probably reflecting the peculiarities of the life quality, social status, and professional specialization of the population of different parts of the city. Further research into the remains of the city’s population with methods of paleopathology, osteometry, osteoscopy, radiology, etc., as well as the analysis of aspects of the political history of the region, would help shed light on the possible causes of the identified features of the demographic structure of the population in the pre-Mongolian period.

The dynamic processes in the parts of speech in the contemporary Russian language

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
N. A. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts

This article examines dynamic morphological processes – the transformation of the parts of speech (namely, attributive verbal forms and verbal nouns), as well as the syncretic cases of zero derivation on the example of young people’s speech. The author has employed the traditional complex method of analyzing the language material, which in turn has used the system of instrumental operations (synonymous rephrasing, downsizing, and opposition method; the latter allows examining the system connections of a word and their influence on the semantics of a word form), oriented towards developing the categorial value; the logico-syntactic and syntagmatic methods aided in determining the grammatical signs of language units. Using as an example the youth jargon, represented in the Dictionary of Colloquial Speech of the City of Arkhangelsk, this article shows the mechanism for transpositioning different word groups into interjections, where several lexem subgroups of the syncretic type function; in addition, the author identifies the basic directions for the different parts of speech transitioning turning into the evaluative vocabulary.

Creating an enabling environment for urban tourism development: the future of Bangkok.

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Louisa Yee-Sum Lee ◽  
Philip L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This chapter considers tourism development in Bangkok from the past to the present, and then ventures on to examine the city's future. The analysis introduces how the evolution of the city, its urbanization and the overall growth of Thai tourism more generally have shaped the present state of Bangkok. The chapter draws on existing literature augmented by in-depth interviews; specifically, six significant and influential interviewees from both the private and public sectors of Bangkok help reveal how the past and present are shaping the future of tourism in the city.

scholarly journals Tsunami risk assessments in Messina, Sicily – Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grezio ◽  
P. Gasparini ◽  
W. Marzocchi ◽  
A. Patera ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The City

Abstract. We present a first detailed tsunami risk assessment for the city of Messina where one of the most destructive tsunami inundations of the last centuries occurred in 1908. In the tsunami hazard evaluation, probabilities are calculated through a new general modular Bayesian tool for Probability Tsunami Hazard Assessment. The estimation of losses of persons and buildings takes into account data collected directly or supplied by: (i) the Italian National Institute of Statistics that provides information on the population, on buildings and on many relevant social aspects; (ii) the Italian National Territory Agency that provides updated economic values of the buildings on the basis of their typology (residential, commercial, industrial) and location (streets); and (iii) the Train and Port Authorities. For human beings, a factor of time exposition is introduced and calculated in terms of hours per day in different places (private and public) and in terms of seasons, considering that some factors like the number of tourists can vary by one order of magnitude from January to August. Since the tsunami risk is a function of the run-up levels along the coast, a variable tsunami risk zone is defined as the area along the Messina coast where tsunami inundations may occur.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document