Women in Iranian Kurdistan: Patriarchy and the Quest for Empowerment

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110292
Author(s):  
Sahar Shakiba ◽  
Omid Ghaderzadeh ◽  
Valentine M. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Informed by sociological standpoint, intersectional, and gender regime theories, we examine perceptions of a diverse sample of Iranian Kurdish women in the city of Sanandaj about their legal status and social positions. We find perceptions of injustice, oppression, male control, and lack of opportunity associated with both the family and broader society. Kurdish women are socially located in structures and institutions of both private and public patriarchy. At the same time, their growing educational attainment and knowledge of possibilities for change enable them not only to articulate grievances but also to aspire to, and sometimes engage in, collective action for women’s rights. By focusing on an under-studied region, this article contributes to the wider literature on Kurdish women, underscores the continued salience of intersectional and standpoint approaches, and expands gender regime theorizing beyond Western cases.

Colonialism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Mama
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Gender

This chapter describes the way in which imperialism perpetuated a patriarchal gender regime in the modern states of Africa. It addresses the lingering effects of colonial political institutions that relied on a gendered separation of the private and public spheres. It illuminates the centrality of sex and gender coercion to the colonization processes and the legacy of these practices on contemporary law and policy. The marginalization of women from political and economic life has persisted to the modern day, provoking women to mobilize into movements challenging this discrimination. This chapter further argues that military rule and civil war are not indigenous to Africa but are instead a relapse that draws on the institutional dominance of all-male colonial security systems.

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities and the Effects of Feminine Artworks on Public Spaces: A Dialogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Hooshmand Alizadeh ◽  
Josef Kohlbacher ◽  
Rozhen Kamal Mohammed-Amin ◽  
Tabin Latif Raouf
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with feminist issues in Kurdistan which preoccupied the city for quite a while, the aim of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of her work on the current dialogue regarding gender inequality in the Kurdish society. To do this, we used the research method of content analysis on big data (Facebook comments) to investigate the public reactions of a larger number of locals. The Feminine effectively exposed some of the deep‐rooted cultural, religious, and social barriers in addressing gender inequalities and silent sexual violence issues in the modern Kurdish patriarchal society.

The Examination Of The Importance Of The Thermál Panzió In Mórahalom

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Urbánné Treutz Ágnes
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

<p class="AbstractText">Nowadays, when the fast-paced world is presented almost everyone's life, the role of the rest and the recreation is gettting more emphasized. It becomes more important to the people where, with whom and in what kind of circumstances they are willing to spend their free time, and how much money they are willing to pay for it. They can find recreation in countless type of tourism, depending on they wish to spend their rest actively or passively. The growing demand of tourism infers the growing supply of tourism and diversity too. Parallel to this the needs of the people who want to relax increase. In case of a tourist destination it is more and more determinative how they can offer various types and quality of services for their guests how they can cooperate in the region in the area or in the same settlement with other service-units, who can even be their competitors. Mórahalom in Hungary is a good example for that where the cooperation between the several service-units is exemplary. That is why I choose my research’s topic: analyzing the Thermál Panzió in Mórahalom. The accommodation service is an area where services are used by all age-group regardless of age and gender. Thus, the target group could include almost everybody. The purpose of my work is to examine the importance of the Thermál Panzió, on the other hand, to do the interrelation and relationship testing among the guests of the pension. The latter is done after the results of my quantitative research among the guests in the pension in 2013. My research focuses on three aims</p><p class="AbstractText">A1: To examine the coverage -, the requisition of the offered services-, the price-value ratio of the rooms-, and the family-friendly nature of the Thermál Panzió among the guests.</p><p class="AbstractText">A2: To map the relationship of the pension’s guests and Mórahalom (visiting of the city, knowledge of attractions).</p>A3: Examination of the guests of the Thermál Panzió (with whom, with what, and when they arrived).

scholarly journals GENDER CONSTRUCTION IN SPORTS, FAMILY HABITUS AND “GENDER REGIME”

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Mennesson ◽  
Lucie Forté
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
And Gender

This article is based on data collected during a qualitative survey on children's leisure practices and family socialisation patterns. The paper focuses more specifically on the cross effects of gender and social class on the construction of body hexis and relationship to sports. The results show that several dimensions of family habitus must be taken into account: lifestyles, way in which parents divide the tasks of raising children and relationship they have with social competition or gender norms. Moreover, taking these different dimensions into account must be accompanied by an analysis of the concrete modes of socialization within the family and the practice context.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for the occurrence of strokes in the elderly

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
Viviane de Souza Pinho Costa ◽  
Priscila Soares Ramos Guimarães ◽  
Karen Barros Parron Fernandes ◽  
Vanessa Suziane Probst ◽  
Audrey de Souza Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
The City ◽  
Independent Elderly ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction Stroke (CVA) is a multifactorial disease, where the combination of risk factors may be associated with and contribute to its development. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors for stroke in the physically independent elderly in the city of Londrina, Brazil. Materials and methods This study was composed of the elderly individuals participating in the EELO project (Age and Ageing Study, Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil). In order to identify the risk factors for stroke, one used a structured questionnaire with information about socio-demographic and anthropometric data as well as lifestyle variables, such as physical inactivity and smoking, presence of comorbidities, and laboratory tests for diagnosis of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Results The study included 454 elderly with mean age of 69.7 years. There was a significant relationship between the number of risk factors and gender (p = 0.01), with higher prevalence among women. In separate analysis, the elderly between 60 and 69 years had a higher incidence of obesity (p = 0.03) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.04). Regarding gender, obesity (p = 0.01), smoking (p = 0.0001), vascular disease (p = 0.0001) and heart disease in the family (p = 0.01) higher incidence was shown in females, according toChi Square’s test. Conclusions It is concluded that elderly people aged less than 70 years and older women were those with the highest number of risk factors for CVA. Therefore, it may be suggested the development of primary care programs in order to promote information on the prevention of these risk factors and thus reduce the occurrence of stroke.

Temporality of the institute of state registration of marriage in Russia: the trend of expanding digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Irina A. Trofimets
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
State Register ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
State Registration ◽  
Admissible Evidence

The digitalization of state registration of marriage is part of the process of creating an information society and an electronic state. Now the Unified State Register of the Civil Registry Office has been created and the archive of the Civil Registry Office has been digitized, which ensures the collection, processing, storage, receipt, use and protection of information about the family-legal status of a citizen, as well as the relevance and reliability of such information. Historically the institution of state registration of marriage was defining a compromise between private and public interest and performed three main functions: protective, confirming and accounting. A married couple is provided with legal protection of its rights and legitimate interests just in case of compliance to the established requirement for state registration of marriage. State registration is the only admissible evidence when challenging the presence or absence of spousal legal relations (personal and property). The demographic component of state registration of marriage contributes to the formation of an effective state policy in the field of family and marriage.

scholarly journals Wellbeing and Gender Equality for the Elderly in the Context of Arctic Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
Lena Wennberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Gender

One theme of importance for gender equality in the Arctic region is the wellbeing of the aging population and how their needs are provided for in private and public spheres – by the family, local communities, the state and the market. In this article, the complexity of the public and private division of welfare provision and care of the elderly in the Swedish Arctic context is addressed and discussed in the light of national, regional and international policy and law. Norrbotten, the northernmost county in Sweden that is part of the Barents Euro-Arctic region, is taken as a frame of reference for critical reflection on wellbeing and gender equality for the ageing population in rural, depopulated and multicultural contexts and the need to develop alternative political and legal interventions that are better adjusted to meet the everyday needs in this specific setting.

Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata) at the plants in Brovary town

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
S. L. Grabovska ◽  
L. O. Kolodochka
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
District Center ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Dog Rose ◽  
The City ◽  
Species Being

This article deals with the results of study of species content and basic peculiarities of beaked mites-Phytoseiidae in plant associations of one of the regional centers of Ukraine. The species composition and distribution of mites-Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in plantations of Brovary town of Kyiv region were determined. Fourteen species of 8 genera of phytoseiid mites were found. Index of their existing and relative biotope connection of each registered species to vegetation types and plant species were computed. The study was conducted according to the results of material treatment on the territory of the mentioned city from 25 species of plants (16 species of hardy-shrub and 9 of herbaceous vegetations). The studies of distribution of plant-living mites-Phytoseiidae were conducted separately for hardy-shrub and herbaceous plants). The collection of faunistic material was executed during the vegetation of periods of 2011 and 2013. Within the city the collection of the material was conducted with hardy-shrub plants and herbaceous type of vegetation along the streets, in parks and squares of Brovary city of Kyiv region, district center, one of the satellite-cities of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The study of species complexes characteristics of mites was conducted with usage of data calculated on the basis of frequency index (Is), degree of relative habitat confinedness (F) (Pesenko, 1982) and domination index Paliy-Kovnatski (Di) (Shitikov, 2003). Only on one species of plant (F=1) 6 species of mites-Phytoseiidae were found – T.сotoneastri on blue spruce, T. laurae – on common spruce, T. aceri – on ash-leaved maple, P. incognitus – on dog-rose, P. soleiger – on mulberry-tree, A. caudiglans – on sea-buckthorn. These species can be related to stenoecic. The mentioned species are stenotopic only in relation to the sample of plants from the plant associations of Brovary, as in other regions these species of mites can populate the other species of plants. The rest 8 species, being registered on two or more types of plants, are related to euryoecic. Among them there is a group of 6 species with “positive tendencies to population of plants”, owning the indicators of habitat confinedness 0<F<1: A. andersoni (0,92–0,96), A. rademacheri (0,85–0,96), N. herbarius (0,92–0,96), T. tiliarum (0,66–0,77), A. pirianykae (0,73–0,99), A. clavata (0,82–0,98). The rest species, E. finlandicus и K. aberrans, have the expanded range of indicators in relation to habitat confinedness (-0,71<F<0,55 и -0,16<F<0,88), that specifies on their ability to populate the big quality of species. E. finlandicus has the negative indicator of relative habitat confinedness in relation to the plants of herbaceous morphotype that serves confirmation of the ecological peculiarity of the species detected earlier. The data of relative habitat confinedness of mites to certain species of plants shows availability of stenoecic (T.сotoneastri, T. laurae, T. aceri, P. incognitus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans) and euryoecic species (A. andersoni, A. rademacheri, N. herbarius, E. finlandicus, K. aberrans, T. tiliarum, A. pirianykae, A. clavata). 

Analysis of geodetic and legal documentation in the process of expropriation for roads. Krakow case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

Abstract Amendment to the Act on special rules of preparation and implementation of investment in public roads resulted in an accelerated mode of acquisition of land for the development of roads. The decision to authorize the execution of road investment issued on its basis has several effects, i.e. determines the location of a road, approves surveying division, approves construction design and also results in acquisition of a real property by virtue of law by the State Treasury or local government unit, among others. The conducted study revealed that over 3 years, in this mode, the city of Krakow has acquired 31 hectares of land intended for the implementation of road investments. Compensation is determined in separate proceedings based on an appraisal study estimating property value, often at a distant time after the loss of land by the owner. One reason for the lengthy compensation proceedings is challenging the proposed amount of compensation, unregulated legal status of the property as well as imprecise legislation. It is important to properly develop geodetic and legal documentation which accompanies the application for issuance of the decision and is also used in compensation proceedings.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

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