Population of Chernigov in the 10th–13th Centuries According to Paleodemographic Data

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Dolzhenko ◽  
◽  
Anna Tarasova

The work is devoted to the 10th–13th-century paleodemographic data regarding the city of Chernigov and its districts, and to their introduction into the scientific domain. The study is based on the data on the anthropological series of Chernigov in the 10th–13th centuries, divided into three samples according to the topographic principle. This series is characterized by a low average life expectancy in comparison to other southern Old Rus cities. The feature of the necropolises of Chernigov indicating the predominance of female burials over male ones, revealed in the 1980s, has been confirmed at a new level. A study of the demographic parameters of the Chernigov population groups in the 10th–13th centuries, united on a territorial basis, has shown differences in their structure, probably reflecting the peculiarities of the life quality, social status, and professional specialization of the population of different parts of the city. Further research into the remains of the city’s population with methods of paleopathology, osteometry, osteoscopy, radiology, etc., as well as the analysis of aspects of the political history of the region, would help shed light on the possible causes of the identified features of the demographic structure of the population in the pre-Mongolian period.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 324-340
Author(s):  
Krisztina Rábai

This study is based on the analysis of the paper and the text of royal and princely accounts in which scribes registered the everyday incomes and expenditures of four Jagiellonian courts, located in different parts of East-Central Europe around the turn of the 15th and 16th-century. The period covers the establishment and the very first years of paper mills in Silesia and the Polish Kingdom. Regarding the lack of archival sources preserving the foundation and running of these mills, the cradles of paper-making in East-Central Europe, one should use many different and quite laconic written sources to shed light upon these revolutionary years. Although accounts could preserve mentions of purchasing, trading and using paper, in most cases the textual information is not adequate to reconstruct a detailed and clear image of paper producing; researchers should examine the medium of writing - the paper - itself. Instead of the investigation of single sheets, folded papers, small notebooks and bound books such as accounts proved to be more useful. One can compare the sheets of the volumes and find those traces which lead to the paper mills, the places of their origin. Through the detailed examination of one especially complex and interesting ledger from the courts of Prince Sigismund, the author attempts to demonstrate the opportunities lay in watermark studies. Furthermore, the article purposes to reflect on the huge hiatus clearly perceptible on the field of watermark research and paper history in East-Central Europe and the necessity of developing a database of watermarks reflecting on the history of paper-making in this region. 


Iraq ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 19-64
Author(s):  
Tim Clayden

A study of the excavated structures at Ur which Woolley identified as domestic and possibly Kassite (or later) in date. Through an examination of the objects excavated in the structures and associated graves (principally pottery, glass and faience vessels, scaraboids and tablets) the housing in area EM is dated to roughly the 13th century b.c. while the remains in areas XNCF, AH, YC and KPS are dated to the 8th/7th centuries b.c. The review also presents a summary history of Ur from the mid third millennium b.c. to the neo-Babylonian period highlighting the periods of royal patronage at the city.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah

This article attempts to trace the early history of Islam in Temasek, a former name of Singapore. The city was also known as the ‘Sea Town’, and was a part of the Nusantara. In the 12th-14th century, Tumasik and Kedah were important ports in the Malay Peninsula. Tumasik, at that time, was important enough to figure in international trade networks. The very strategic location of Tumasik, at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, made it a significant prize for the master. Kingdoms that once ruled it: the Sriwijaya kingdom until the end of the 13th century AD and Majapahit kingdom that ruled it until the 14th century. In the 15th century AD, Tumasik came under the rule of Ayutthaya-Thailand; and subsequent occupation controlled by the Sultanate of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511 AD. Speaking on the comming of Islam in Tumasik that was along with the influx of Muslim merchants, both Arabic and Persian, between the 8th – 11th century which the trading activity increased in the Archipelago. Coastal cities and ports, one of which Tumasik, on the Malay Peninsula became the settlements of Muslim tradespeople. Most of them settled and married there. Thus, it is strongly suspected that Islam has been present in Tumasik since perhaps the 8th century AD. Up until the beginning of the 16th century, the old Singapore remains a Muslim settlement, along with other vendors, both from Europe, India, and China, and also became an important port under the Sultanate of Malacca. That Malaccan empire was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. Keywords: early history of Islam, Tumasik, Singapore, Sultanate of Malacca Artikel ini mencoba menelusuri sejarah awal Islam di Tumasik, kada disebut juga Temasek, nama dulu bagi Singapura. Kota ini juga disebut sebagai Kota Laut (Sea Town), dan merupakan bagian dari Nusantara masa lalu. Pada abad ke-12 s.d. 14 M, Tumasik bersama Kedah merupakan pelabuhan-pelabuhan penting di Semenanjung Malaya. Pada masa itu, Tumasik merupakan kota perdagangan yang cukup besar dan penting dalam jaringan perdagangan internasional. Posisinya yang sangat strategis di ujung Semenanjung Malaya, menjadikan Tumasik menggiurkan untuk dikuasai. Kerajaan-kerajaan yang pernah menguasai Tumasik yaitu Sriwijaya sampai akhir abad ke-13 M dan Majapahit sampai abad ke-14 M. Pada abad ke-15 M, Tumasik berada di bawah kekuasaan Ayutthaya-Thailand; dan selanjutnya dikuasai Kesultanan Malaka sampai pendu¬dukan Portugis 1511 M. Adapun proses masuknya Islam di Tumasik terjadi bersamaan dengan masuknya para pedagang Muslim, baik dari Arab maupun Persia pada abad ke-8 s.d. 11 M yang mengalami peningkatan aktivitas perdagangan. Kota-kota pesisir dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan, salah satunya Tumasik, di Semenanjung Malaya menjadi pemukiman-pemukiman bagi para pedagang Muslim tersebut. Sebagian dari mereka menetap dan berkeluarga di sana. Dengan demikian, diduga kuat bahwa Islam telah hadir di Tumasik antara abad ke-8 M - ke 11 M. Hingga permulaan abad ke-16 M, Singapura lama tetap menjadi pemukiman Muslim, bersama para pedagang lain, baik dari Eropa, India, maupun Cina, dan sekaligus menjadi pelabuhan penting di bawah kekuasaan Kesultanan Malaka, sampai dengan kesultanan ini ditaklukan oleh Portugis pada 1511 M. Kata kunci: sejarah awal Islam, Tumasik, Singapura, Kesultanan Malaka


2019 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Дионисий Шлёнов

Известнейший аскет и мистик конца XIII в., стоящий у истоков расцвета исихазма в XIV в., прп. Никифор Итал был автором не только трактата «О хранении сердца», вошедшего в «Добротолюбие», но и диспута о вере, который никогда не переводился на русский язык. Диспут состоялся в городе Птолемаида/Акра в конце 1276 г. с Фомой, латинским патриархом Иерусалима, папским легатом в Святой Земле и известным персонажем в иерархии Римско-католической церкви. В настоящей публикации предлагается русский перевод памятника, важного не только для истории полемики между латинянами и греками, но и как сочинение, в котором в зачаточном виде присутствуют черты учения о сущности и энергиях Бога, впоследствии развиваемого свт. Григорием Паламой. «Диспут» носит яркий автобиографический характер и, помимо богословия, проливает свет на жизнь прп. Никифора Исихаста, которую можно реконструировать по отдельным внешним свидетельствам. В целом данный памятник важен, в том числе, и для формирования учения о неизменности предания семи Вселенских Соборов, которое впоследствии применялось в антилатинской полемике. The most famous ascetic and mystic of the end of the 13th century, who stood at the origins of hesychasm in the 14th century, was the author of not only the treatise «On the Keeping of the Heart», which was included in the «Philocalia», but also the author of a debate on faith, which was never translated into Russian. The dispute took place in the city of Ptolemais Acre at the end of 1276 with Thomas, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, papal legate in the Holy Land and a famous figure in the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church. This publication offers a Russian translation of the monument, which is important not only for the history of polemics between the Latins and the Greeks, but also as an essay in which the features of the doctrine of the essence and energies of God, later developed by St. Gregory Palamas, are presented in their earliest stage. «The Dispute» has a vivid autobiographical character and, in addition to theology, sheds light on the life of St. Nicephorus the Hesychast, which can be reconstructed on the basis of some external evidence. In general, this work is important for the understanding of the formation of the doctrine of the immutability of the tradition of the seven Ecumenical Councils, which was later used in the anti-Latin polemics.


Author(s):  
Karen Radner

‘Assyrian places’ considers the exploration of key sites that provide insight into Assyria’s rediscovery since the mid-19th century. Firstly, it looks at the city where everything started—Aššur, at the southern edge of the core region—where the empire of the first millennium first came together. Aššur and Kalhu (which replaced Aššur as capital city) are two of Iraq’s most significant archaeological sites. A glimpse at the trading colony at Kaneš in Central Turkey serves to investigate Assyrian history of the early second millennium bc further afield, while Dur-Katlimmu, an important provincial centre in Syria, serves to emphasize the impact of Assyria’s expansion from the 13th century bc onwards.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ritter ◽  
Sami Ben Tahar ◽  
Jörg W. E. Fassbinder ◽  
Lena Lambers

This paper presents the results of the geophysical prospection conducted at the site of Meninx (Jerba) in 2015. This was the first step in a Tunisian-German project (a cooperation between the Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunis, and the Institut für Klassische Archäologie der Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München), the aim of which is to shed light on the urban history of the most important city on the island of Jerba in antiquity.Meninx, situated on the SE shore of the island (fig. 1), was the largest city on Jerba during the Roman Empire and eponymous for the island's name in antiquity. The outstanding importance of this seaport derived from the fact that it was one of the main production centers of purple dye in the Mediterranean. With the earliest secure evidence dating to at least the Hellenistic period, Meninx saw a magnificent expansion in the 2nd and 3rd c. A.D. It was inhabited until the 7th c. when the city was finally abandoned.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Silvia Marinozzi ◽  
Marco Cilione ◽  
Valentina Gazzaniga

The article is the first step of a research project aimed at investigating new perspectives and aspects of Morgagni’s role and work. His activities as a medical examiner and forensic doctor are yet to be truly discovered. Manuscripts, written by Morgagni when he was a forensic expert for the Health Magistrate of Venice, currently preserved at the City Library in Forlì (Italy), shed light on a new aspect of his cultural background. As a forensic doctor, he also helped push an increase in “social medicine” in Italy, when physicians began to collaborate with the administrative and political institutions in order to plan environmental and urban regulations to control air quality. While reading his reports, his contribution to the primordial medical Hygiene and Public Health emerges. Among his reports, the authors focused on the one concerning the Beatification of Gregorio Barbarigo, which clearly highlights his pathological approach, as well as his knowledge and application of embalming systems and mummiology. Moreover, this report could be considered as an issue in the history of paleopathology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Nilufar Rajabova ◽  

The article analyzes the first stages of studying the archaeological sites of the Kashkadarya oasis from a historical point of view. Beginning in the 18th century, Europeans began to record information about the Kashkadarya oasis. Their main focus is on highlighting the lifestyle of the population, as well as information on historical monuments. In particular, in memoirs, reports and brochures, A. Burns, N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Maev, V. Krestovsky, B. Litvinov, D. Logofet, A. Validov, I. Kastane, L. Zimin, you can get a lot of information on this topic. Despite this, the first studies were mostly brief. Most importantly, the attention of architects and art critics is focused on the history of architectural structures in Shakhrisabz, built during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids. However, attempts to shed light on the history of the cities of Karshi and Shakhrisabz based on written sources consisted in a collection of the first archaeological observations, historical artifacts and manuscripts. Noteworthy is the information written by N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Mayev. Subsequent studies also made extensive use of their memoirs. B. Litvinov's information about the Kashkadarya oasis was supplemented by his drawings. According to Logofet, the history of the city of Shakhrisabz is emphasized, and archaeological excavations show that its history goes back two thousand years. Logofet pays great attention to the medieval history of Karshi, cites various historical sources. It is important for I.Kastana and L.Zimin to describe the archaeological monuments preserved in the vicinity of Karshi from the point of view of that period and compare them on the basis of ancient and medieval written sources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Ravnikar

In the second part of the discussion on the history of the city of Maribor in the 13th century, the author focused on the presentation of the activities of the ecclesiastical institutions that were created and/or operated in the city. The reflection began with questions connected with the origin and fate of the parish church of St. John the Baptist and St. Thomas in Maribor. In Maribor and its surroundings many monasteries from Carinthia and Styria as well as some dioceses also had their own administrative and economic courts. An overview of the number and nature of the various ecclesiastical institutions shows that they had a great interest in the town and its surroundings and thus undoubtedly had a great influence on life in the town.


Author(s):  
Vadim Maiko

Introduction. Studying the material culture of provincial-Byzantine cities of the Eastern Taurica on the eve of their capture by the Golden Horde troops in the second quarter of the 13th century is one of the current problems of the Byzantine archaeology of the peninsula. The purpose of the work is to clarify the features of the methods of house-building, basic elements of ceramic complexes, other components of the material culture of Sugdea objects. The archaeological context and dating of the complex allowing connecting them with the events in the history of the city known on written sources are essentially important. Methods. The method of the detailed comparative analysis of all components of the published archaeological complex is the basis for the work. The author draws the conclusion about the features of the provincial-Byzantine culture of the East Crimea during the considered period on the basis of the comparison to other synchronous complexes of Sugdea. Analysis. The researcher considers all elements of the specific archaeological complex including, first of all, methods of house-building, the stratigraphy situation, the structure of ceramics and individual finds. Results. As a result of the detailed consideration of all elements of the published complex and the comparative analysis it is possible to draw the conclusion that the material culture of this city is one of the versions of the provincial-Byzantine culture of the peninsula of the first half of the 13th century. It is formed in the early 13th century and stops the existence already in the second quarter of this century. Key words: port of Sugdea, first half of the 13th century, provincial-Byzantine culture, stratigraphy, chronology.


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