5. The religions of Abraham

2014 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
John Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

‘The religions of Abraham: Muslim understandings of God’ looks at Islam, which began historically with the life and work of Muhammad (570–632). From the Muslim point of view Islam began long before that with the purpose of God in Creation that people should live according to Din. In Muslim belief the Quran is the uncorrupted, complete, and final revelation transmitted from God through Muhammad into the world. But the Quran has to be interpreted and applied. Of decisive authority in doing this were the many Traditions, known collectively as Hadith, recording the things that Muhammad said and did. On the basis of Quran and Hadith, different schools of Sharia emerged.

Puritan Radicalism and the Enlightenment

1960 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Christianity and the Enlightenment presents a subtle and difficult problem. No historian has as yet fully answered the important question of how the world view of the eighteenth century is related to that of traditional Christianity. It is certain, however, that the deism of that century rejected traditional Christianity as superstitious and denied Christianity a monopoly upon religious truth. The many formal parallels which can be drawn between Enlightenment and Christianity cannot obscure this fact. From the point of view of historical Christianity, both Protestant and Catholic, the faith of the Enlightenment was blasphemy. It did away with a personal God, it admitted no supernatural above the natural, it denied the relevance of Christ's redemptive task in this world. This essay attempts to discover whether traditional Christian thought itself did not make a contribution to the Enlightenment.

scholarly journals THE REFORM OF FRENCH CONTRACT LAW: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Downe
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Since the Napoleonic Code of 1804 we have seen republics, monarchies and empires coming and going; local and world wars; revolutions, from the industrial to the informational; and our society has moved from an economy based on agriculture to one open to the world, based on tertiary services. In all this time, French contract law has been able to stay up and keep up to date with the many changes in society, thanks to the judicial interpretation of the various articles of the French civil code and the generality of its articles. There have been many previous attempts to reform French contract law but its principles, forged in 1804, have escaped unscathed, except for certain transpositions of European directives. This article focuses on an academic point of view with regards the reforms to the French civil code that will bring private contract law into line with modern international standards. This is the first step in a series of broader changes the government is making to the French law of obligations. This reform is said to have both adapted and revolutionised French contract law and merits scholarly attention.

Disaster is in the Eye of the Beholder

2016 ◽  
pp. 516-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Pionke
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Volunteer Experiences ◽  
The Many

This chapter explores preservation and disaster issues in Singapore and Uganda from the point of view of the author's volunteer experiences in the summer of 2012. This is a snapshot of how two very different institutions, on different sides of the world, preserve materials and prepare for disaster, the many obstacles they encounter, and how they work with and through those obstacles. Preservation and disaster concepts are briefly discussed with the main focus on the historical context of the cultural institutions of education and the access to and preservation of their materials.

scholarly journals IN SEARCH OF A “POSITIVELY EXCELLENT” HERO: PRINCE MYSHKIN BY F. M. DOSTOEVSKY AND SEGELIEL BY V. F. ODOEVSKY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Yulia Sytina
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
The Many ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Unconscious Desire

The article analyzes the searches conducted by F. M. Dostoevsky and V. F. Odoevsky for a “positively excellent” hero. It compares the images of Prince Myshkin from The Idiot and the hero of the dramatic excerpt Segeliel, or Don Quixote of the XIX century. The similarity between these two characters is reflected as early as in the history of their creation. The authors hypothesize that in both cases an Easter archetype emerges behind the conscious or unconscious desire to substitute a grim and sinful character with a “positively excelent” one. Myshkin and Segeliel love the world with a compassionate, selfless and active love, but they are alien to other people, differ by their very nature and are aware of this otherness. The heroes do not accept the “earthly” hierarchy in relation to people, they are incomprehensible to others and are laughable from the point of view of “common sense.” At the same time, there are numerous differences between them. Segeliel is a spirit, but he is rational, he believes in laws and in science. Myshkin strives for a mystical experience of life. Failures lead Myshkin to humility, and Segeliel to rebellion. Dostoevsky’s hero seeks to flee from the world. Odoevsky’s hero wants to intervene in earthly affairs. Segeliel wants to remake the world without God. He does not believe in the Creator and repines against him. Segeliel’s throwings are reminiscent of the complex dialectic of good and evil, construed by rebels from Dostoevsky’s novels. At the same time, it is important to distinguish the positions of Segeliel and Odoevsky himself, who is not in complete agreement with his hero. Certain common motifs, i.e., those of childhood and foolishness for Christ, create parallels between Myshkin and Odoevsky, the character and the writer. The many intersections between the image of Segeliel, his author and the image of Prince Myshkin allow us to identify the cultural code that appears in the works of Russian writers who sought to find the earthly embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty in a rough physical shell, inevitably hindered by original sin.

Characteristics of loanwords in Chinese language on the example of digital economy sphere

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Kseniia Akulina ◽  
Evgeniya Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Scien Tists ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

It is devoted to the study of borrowing methods in Chinese and the degree of influence of the English language on these methods on the example of terminological units from the digital economy sphere. The digital economy is one of the rapidly developing industries in the world, which attracts the attention of a large number of specialists from various fields of science. From the linguistics point of view, the interest of this industry is caused by the following question: what borrowing methods are used to “absorb” new vocabulary into the language, at a time when society in the shortest possible time receives a huge amount of information about new objects and phenomena from around the world? In other words: does the language manage to select the appropriate equivalents or adapt the phonetic calque for foreign lexical units? The aim of this work is to study the degree of influence of the English language on borrowing methods in Chinese. To achieve the goal, tasks were set. Firstly, to study the classification of borrowing methods of do-mestic and foreign sinologists. Among the many scientific works, we note the works of such scien-tists as V.I. Gorelov, A.L. Semenas, V.G. Burov, I.D. Klenin, V.F. Shchichko, Gāo Míngkǎi, Ruitsin Miao, Kui Zhu, Liu Yongquan. Secondly, to consider and describe in detail the graphical borrowing method in Chinese. The emphasis on this borrowing method was made because it ex-amines in detail lexical units, consisting in whole or in part of Greek or Latin letters. Thirdly, to analyze the terminological base of the Chinese language from the digital economy sphere, that is, to distribute lexical units according to groups corresponding to borrowing methods.

A Leibnizian Space

Dialogue ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Ian Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Identity Of Indiscernibles ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

Leibniz said that space and time are well-founded phenomena. Few readers can make much literal sense out of this idea, so I shall describe a small possible world in which it is true. I do not contend that Leibniz had my construction in mind, but I do follow Leibnizian guidelines. The first trick is to reverse the maxim that every monad mirrors the world from its own point of view. Points of view, and hence a space of points, can be constructed from a non-relational account of the perceptions of each monad. But we cannot fabricate space alone. We must build up laws of nature simultaneously. We must also employ a measure of the simplicity of the laws of nature. Moreover we require that, in a literal sense, the perception of each monad is a sum of its Petits perceptions. The identity of indiscernibles, in its application to space, is an automatic consequence of this construction. Although I shall examine only one possible world, there is a general recipe for such constructions, in which none of the above elements can be omitted. This is a striking illustration of the way in which the many different facets of Leibniz's metaphysics are necessarily inter-connected.

Paul Scott's Later Novels: The Unknown Indian

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-847
Author(s):  
D. C. R. A. GOONETILLEKE
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Destiny

The Raj Quartet is a novel in which Scott has transmuted contemporary history into fiction—the many forces at work in India over a period of five years, from the ‘Quit India’ motion of the Congress Committee in 1942 to the eve of Independence and Partition. Deeper than Scott's interest in history and politics, however, is his aim to probe the nature of human destiny, conveying a philosophy of life that shows man's destiny and moral sense sometimes at variance. He also focuses an ordinary human point of view on the world around him, valuing integrity and decency. Staying On is not a political or historical novel, although its background has political implications. It focuses mainly on problems relating to personal destiny. Scott's later novels constitute a major achievement in colonial, indeed, all, literature.

The Justinian system: one of the oldest flood control facilities in the world

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
A. Cihat Kürkçüoğlu ◽  
Kasım Yenigün ◽  
Mustafa S. Yazgan
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moderate Size ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Artificial Channel ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

In ancient times, the city of Urfa suffered serious flood disasters due to the Karakoyun river which surrounded the city on the north and west sides. In order to prevent the recurrence of such disasters, in 525, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian had built a huge wall of stone (Justinian wall) to the northwest of the city that conducted the river to the north and east walls of the city. He also constructed an artificial channel and three bridges which are known as the Justinian system. This system has been used by the many civilizations that have occupied the city, since the 6th century. Each civilization added some new water structures to the system and carried out some renovations to it. The system, being still in use, defended the city against moderate size floods and survived for 1,500 years. In this paper, the Justinian system is evaluated from the hydraulic point of view together with its ongoing functionality. It is interesting that although the cultural structures of the civilizations settled in the city do not have the same characteristics, the water structures have similar features in terms of hydraulic and architectural perspectives.

General discussion: climatic analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Parts

In opening the proceedings of this meeting Mr J. S. Sawyer of the U.K. Meteorological Office uttered the view that it is really premature as yet to ask a meteorologist to interpret the events of the last glaciation. Nevertheless, that is just what I have been asked to do and, though one must tread warily, I believe it must be attempted. Indeed, it has been attempted in a number of scientific papers in recent years and these two days’ proceedings have surely helped us to see a number of things more clearly. I have no time to do justice to all the points that appear interesting. A meteorologist looks first for the large-scale patterns, which are probably the least difficult to discern and which provide the framework into which all else must fit. Most meteorologists, oceanographers and perhaps all who are neither geologists nor palaeobotanists, will also probably echo Professor W. A. Watts’s reservations about the many names adopted for the various cold and warm stages. One must acknowledge the need which has called the multiplicity of naming systems into being, but the outsider can only accept them reluctantly as marking a provisional stage until the dating is firm and the correspondence of the events known by different names in different parts of the world has been established. This huge, and growing, vocabulary is formidable to those outside the debates about the field evidence and tends to deter other scientists who might contribute to interpreting the processes of climatic change in the Quaternary. From this point of view, and to such audiences, dates and numbered stages, or one single series of names, are much to be preferred.

Australian TV 50 Years on

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Formative Years

This article reviews the 50 years of television in Australia from the point of view of a leading industry player. It describes the many challenges faced by the industry from its formative years to current media upheavals. Issues covered include regional television, the introduction of colour and satellite technology, the role of regulation, Australian content, children's TV and the relation of Australian television to the rest of the world. It also looks at some of the programming highlights of the period.

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