7. Delusions about illusions

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
The World ◽  
Perceptual Systems

The term illusion is used to describe situations where we make mistakes and perceive the surrounding world incorrectly. But what is an illusion? Richard Gregory described illusions as ‘departures from reality’ and this fits with our everyday idea that illusions represent situations where what we perceive does not correspond to some physical characteristic of the particular scene. ‘Delusions about illusions’ considers illusions that have a physiological basis and those with a cognitive basis. It seems very likely that our perceptual systems have evolved to extract the invariant characteristics of the world—the things that don’t change—rather than requiring mechanisms to ‘correct’ for things that do change.

6. Perception and action

2017 ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Perception And Action ◽  
Time To Contact ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Perceptual Systems ◽  
Extract Information

Perceptual processes have evolved to allow us to act appropriately. ‘Perception and action’ explains that the strong link between perception and action has been revealed in a variety of relatively low-level tasks such as helping us to maintain balance; providing information about our movements within the world (self-motion); allowing us to determine our direction of travel (heading); and helping us to estimate the time before we reach objects in the surrounding world (time-to-contact). James Gibson has suggested that the purpose of our perceptual systems is not to identify objects as objects, but rather to extract information about what we might do with those objects and how we might respond to events in the world.

Numerical symbols as explanations of human perceptual experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barner
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Number Words ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Why did humans develop precise systems for measuring experience, like numbers, clocks, andcalendars? I argue that precise representational systems were constructed by earlier generationsof humans because they recognized that their noisy perceptual systems were not capturingdistinctions that existed in the world. Abstract symbolic systems did not arise from perceptualrepresentations, but instead were constructed to describe and explain perceptual experience. Byanalogy, I argue that when children learn number words, they do not rely on noisy perceptualsystems, but instead acquire these words as units in a broader system of procedures, whosemeanings are ultimately defined by logical relations to one another, not perception.

scholarly journals The Theme of Death and Eternity in Emily Dickenson’s Poetry

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2 (5)) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Gayane Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The poetry of the world-renowned poetess Emily Dickenson received general acclaim in the fifties of the previous century, 70 years after her death. This country-dwelling lady who had locked herself from the surrounding world, created one of the most precious examples of the 19th century American poetry and became one of the most celebrated poets of all time without leaving her own garden.Her soul was her universe and the mission of Dickenson’s sole was to open the universe to let the people see it. Interestingly, most of her poems lack a title, are short and symbolic. The poetess managed to disclose the dark side of the human brain which symbolizes death and eternity.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LOVE- THIS IS OUR BRAIN ON LOVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Nagaraja Puranik ◽  
Seema Sankeshwari ◽  
Aparna A Mulgund
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Falling In Love

Falling in love is one of all the great feelings in the world. Humans are not the only one among the huge diversity of species to fall for it. Combine bonding, the two-by-two partnering of creatures have been seen across the fauna. To fall in love and be enamored allows an individual to depict himself charmingly alive. Most folks will reminisce at least one time in their lives of experiencing “butterflies in their stomach”, or a sense of ‘losing oneself’ into a deep ocean of affectionate feelings for someone. We tend to encounter ourselves into being obsessional and few might have delineated their feelings as going mad for that person. Though all these descriptions appear to be magnifying the words or phrases which we come across in daily life, there appears to have some hidden facts to these thoughts and behaviors. Have you ever thought, from where would be these sensations, obsessional thoughts and sometimes out of character acts arising from? Are there any particular physiological changes occurring in our body which are answerable to the arousal of these feelings? The knowledge available to biologists have advanced vastly within the previous few decades and are using that information in deciphering the Physiology involved in both combined bonding and being in love. This review could prove engrossing and to converse about the physiological basis of affection, specially metamorphology of love in various phases of life, biological basis, neurochemistry, the neuronal circuits of affection and finally concerning over the myth of ‘ Everlasting Love’.

ABBREVIATION AS THE MEANS OF EXPRESSING EMOTIONS OF THE LANGUAGE PERSONALITY (ON THE MATERIAL OF SMS MESSAGES IN ENGLISH DISCOURSE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Tat’yana V. Bychkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Language Renewal

The paper considers the role of the language personality in speech activity in neologizations of abbreviated SMS messages in the English discourse. Within the framework of the communicative-discursive direction in Russian linguistics, a paradigmatic approach to the study of the role of the language personality in the creation of new knowledge has been established. The language personality is able to participate in the process of nominating objects and actions of the world picture. Intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors influence language changes. Intralinguistic factors provide potential for language renewal, including its neologization, in accordance with the laws of dialectical development. Extra- linguistic factors are represented by numerous social and socio-political phe- nomena from the surrounding world. The high popularity of SMS messages is explained not only by the action of the law of saving speech efforts in the language, but also by the ability of language personality to express emotions in the language, thanks to the opportunities for innovations and improvisations inherent in it. The paper considers the language functions and stylistic features of abbreviated SNS messages in English discourse.

Knowledge from the Outside

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-79
Author(s):  
Hilary Kornblith
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Perceptual Systems ◽  
Obvious Source

Knowledge may be examined from the third-person perspective, as psychologists and sociologists do, or it may be examined from the first-person perspective, as each of us does when we reflect on what we ought to believe. This chapter takes the third-person perspective. One obvious source of knowledge is perception, and some general features of how our perceptual systems are able to pick up information about the world around us are highlighted. The role of the study of visual illusions in this research is an important focus of the chapter. Our ability to draw out the consequences of things we know by way of inference is another important source of knowledge, and some general features of how inference achieves its successes are discussed. Structural similarities between the ways in which perception works and the ways in which inference works are highlighted.

1. What is perception?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Word Perception ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
The World ◽  
Perceptual Systems ◽  
Extract Information

The word ‘perception’ can be used in two different ways. It can refer to our experience of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling objects and individuals around us. It can also refer to the processes that allow us to extract information from the patterns of energy that impinge on our sense organs. Thinking about perception as a set of processes has the advantage that it includes situations where there is no subjective experience. ‘What is perception?’ explains that sometimes our perceptual systems can be fooled and we experience illusions. Is this because of past experience and our knowledge of the world, or is it that we are not extracting the information in the patterns of energy reaching our senses?

Forms of Emotional Knowing and Unknowing: Skepticism and Belief in Dickinson’s Poetry, Rick Anthony Furtak

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Rick Anthony Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Emotional States ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Partial Resolution ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
At Home

Continually at issue in Dickinson’s verse are the possibilities and limits of knowing the surrounding world, including the minds of others. Many of her poems give voice to wonder, frustration, and the feeling of illumination or insight, along with other emotional states involved in exploring the promise of knowledge and confronting skeptical questions. My chapter is focused especially on moments in Dickinson’s poetry when an encounter with the natural or human world is portrayed as moving the speaker toward either an intensification or a partial resolution of doubt—a dialectic through which she articulates the affective struggle to make sense of the world and to find herself at home in it. As I show, the philosophical thinking that unfolds in her lyrics is preoccupied with a characteristic human lament about our finite limitations and with a contrary, but intimately related, longing to be reconciled with our finitude.

Science, Development and Humanity

1998 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
V. Mantatov ◽  
I. Lambaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The formation of a new scientific picture of the world is connected with the necessity of subjectivity. This subjectivity posits no limits for the scientific aspects of cognitive processes, but embraces a comprehensive world of spiritual activity. To choose the most effective model of social behavior, it is important to have an adequate knowledge of reality (i.e., the objective regularities of the surrounding world). Modern science reflects the vagueness of reality and, in consequence, the impossibility of using classical approaches. Increasingly, the negative phenomena of the surrounding world reflects the complexity of natural and socio-natural systems, especially on the global scale. Restrictions of the classical approaches to this complexity can be overcome within the synergistic theories or hierarchical systems theory that are becoming more and more popular. The necessity of appeal to modern theories, initiated as the result of ecological crises, stimulates the processes of new paradigm formation in science, acting often in spite of the needs and motives of society.

scholarly journals Multistability in perception: binding sensory modalities, an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1591) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Schwartz ◽  
Nicolas Grimault ◽  
Jean-Michel Hupé ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore ◽  
Daniel Pressnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Ambiguous Figures ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Perceptual Systems

This special issue presents research concerning multistable perception in different sensory modalities. Multistability occurs when a single physical stimulus produces alternations between different subjective percepts. Multistability was first described for vision, where it occurs, for example, when different stimuli are presented to the two eyes or for certain ambiguous figures. It has since been described for other sensory modalities, including audition, touch and olfaction. The key features of multistability are: (i) stimuli have more than one plausible perceptual organization; (ii) these organizations are not compatible with each other. We argue here that most if not all cases of multistability are based on competition in selecting and binding stimulus information. Binding refers to the process whereby the different attributes of objects in the environment, as represented in the sensory array, are bound together within our perceptual systems, to provide a coherent interpretation of the world around us. We argue that multistability can be used as a method for studying binding processes within and across sensory modalities. We emphasize this theme while presenting an outline of the papers in this issue. We end with some thoughts about open directions and avenues for further research.

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