Genetically determined SCFA concentration modifies the association of dietary fiber intake with changes in bone mineral density during weight loss: The Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Meryl S LeBoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background SCFAs are involved in regulation of body weight and bone health. Objectives We aimed to examine whether genetic variations related to butyrate modified the relation between dietary fiber intake and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to weight-loss dietary interventions. Methods In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial, 424 participants with BMD measured by DXA scan were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A polygenic score (PGS) was calculated based on 7 genetic variants related to the production of butyrate for 370 of the 424 participants. Results SCFA PGS significantly modified the association between baseline dietary fiber intake and sex on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.049 and 0.008). In participants with the highest tertile of SCFA PGS, higher dietary fiber intake was related to a greater increase in BMD (β:  0.0022; 95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0035; P = 0.002), whereas no such association was found for participants in the lower tertiles. In the lowest tertiles of SCFA PGS, men showed a significant increase in whole-body BMD (β: 0.0280; 95% CI: 0.0112, 0.0447; P = 0.002) compared with women. In the highest tertile, no significant difference was found for the change in BMD between men and women. Conclusions Our data indicate that genetic variants related to butyrate modify the relations of dietary fiber intake and sex with long-term changes in BMD in response to weight-loss diet interventions.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Reveals Influence of Stool pH on Bone Mineral Density in a Healthy Multi-Ethnic U.S. Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chin ◽  
Marta Van Loan ◽  
Sarah Spearman ◽  
Ellen Bonnel ◽  
Kevin Laugero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Abstract Objectives A variety of modifiable and non-modifiable factors such as ethnicity, age, and diet have been shown to influence bone health. Previous studies are usually limited to analyses focused on the association of a few a priori variables or on a specific subset of the population. The objective of this study was to use dietary, physiological, and lifestyle data to identify directly modifiable and non-modifiable variables predictive of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy US men and women using machine learning models. Methods Ridge, lasso, elastic net, and random forest models were used to predict whole-body, femoral neck, and spine BMC and BMD in healthy US adults (n = 313) using non-modifiable anthropometric, physiological, and demographic variables, directly modifiable lifestyle (physical activity, tobacco use) and dietary (nutrient or food groups intake via food frequency questionnaire) variables, and variables approximating directly modifiable behavior (circulating vitamin D and stool pH). Model feature importances were used to identify variables useful for predicting BMC and BMD. Results Machine learning models using non-modifiable variables explained more variation in BMC and BMD (highest R2 = 0.750) compared to when using only directly modifiable variables (highest R2 = 0.107). Machine learning models had better performance compared to multivariate linear regression, which had lower predictive value (highest R2 = 0.063) when using directly modifiable variables only. BMI, body fat %, height, and menstruation history were predictors of BMC and BMD. For the directly modifiable features, betaine, cholesterol, hydroxyproline, menaquinone-4, dihydrophylloquinone, eggs, cheese, cured meat, refined grains, fruit juice, and alcohol consumption were predictors of BMC and BMD. Low stool pH, a proxy for fermentable fiber intake, was also predictive of higher BMC and BMD. Conclusions Machine learning models can be used to identify previously unforeseen variables that may contribute to bone health. Modifiable factors explained less variation in the data compared to other features. Low stool pH, which has been shown to be associated with fermentable fiber intake, short chain fatty acid production, and enhanced calcium absorption, was associated with higher BMC and BMD in a healthy US population. Funding Sources USDA-ARS

Effect of 12 months of creatine supplementation and whole-body resistance training on measures of bone, muscle and strength in older males

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602097524
Author(s):  
Darren G Candow ◽  
Philip D Chilibeck ◽  
Julianne Gordon ◽  
Emelie Vogt ◽  
Tim Landeryou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Section Modulus ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Older Males

Background: The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training (10–12 weeks) has been shown to increase bone mineral content and reduce a urinary indicator of bone resorption in older males compared with placebo. However, the longer-term effects (12 months) of creatine and resistance training on bone mineral density and bone geometric properties in older males is unknown. Aim: To assess the effects of 12 months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training on bone mineral density, bone geometric properties, muscle accretion, and strength in older males. Methods: Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine ( n = 18, 49–69 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) or placebo ( n = 20, 49–67 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) during 12 months of supervised, whole-body resistance training. Results: After 12 months of training, both groups experienced similar changes in bone mineral density and geometry, bone speed of sound, lean tissue and fat mass, muscle thickness, and muscle strength. There was a trend ( p = 0.061) for creatine to increase the section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck, an indicator of bone bending strength, compared with placebo. Adverse events did not differ between creatine and placebo. Conclusions: Twelve months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training had no greater effect on measures of bone, muscle, or strength in older males compared with placebo.

scholarly journals Circulating Alpha-Tocopherol Levels, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Karl Michaëlsson ◽  
Susanna C. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
A Genome

Recent cohort studies indicate a potential role of the antioxidant α-tocopherol in reducing bone loss and risk of fractures, especially hip fractures. We performed a Mendelian randomization investigation of the associations of circulating α-tocopherol with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) using heel ultrasound and fractures, identified from hospital records or by self-reports and excluding minor fractures. Circulating α-tocopherol was instrumented by three genetic variants associated with α-tocopherol levels at p < 5 × 10−8 in a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 7781 participants of European ancestry. Summary-level data for the genetic associations with eBMD in 426,824 individuals and with fracture (53,184 cases and 373,611 non-cases) were acquired from the UK Biobank. Two of the three genetic variants were strongly associated with eBMD. In inverse-variance weighted analysis, a genetically predicted one-standard-deviation increase of circulating α-tocopherol was associated with 0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.09) g/cm2 increase in BMD, which corresponds to a >10% higher BMD. Genetically predicted circulating α-tocopherol was not associated with odds of any fracture (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.05). In conclusion, our results strongly strengthen a causal link between increased circulating α-tocopherol and greater BMD. Both an intervention study in those with a low dietary intake of α-tocopherol is warranted and a Mendelian randomization study with fragility fractures as an outcome.

Association between osteoprotegerin genetic variants and bone mineral density in Chinese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianbing Shen ◽  
Yihua Qiu ◽  
Shunming Xing ◽  
Dechun Chen ◽  
Yazhong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Somatic maturation and the relationship between bone mineral variables and types of sports among adolescents: cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete ◽  
Igor Hideki Ito ◽  
Han Kemper ◽  
Carlos Marcelo Pastre ◽  
Mário Antônio Rodrigues-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Peak height velocity (PHV) is an important maturational event during adolescence that affects skeleton size. The objective here was to compare bone variables in adolescents who practiced different types of sports, and to identify whether differences in bone variables attributed to sports practice were dependent on somatic maturation status. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, São Paulo State University (UNESP). METHODS: The study was composed of 93 adolescents (12 to 16.5 years old), divided into three groups: no-sport group (n = 42), soccer/basketball group (n = 26) and swimming group (n = 25). Bone mineral density and content were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and somatic maturation was estimated through using peak height velocity. Data on training load were provided by the coaches. RESULTS: Adolescents whose PHV occurred at an older age presented higher bone mineral density in their upper limbs (P = 0.018). After adjustments for confounders, such as somatic maturation, the swimmers presented lower values for bone mineral density in their lower limbs, spine and whole body. Only the bone mineral density in the upper limbs was similar between the groups. There was a negative relationship between whole-body bone mineral content and the weekly training hours (β: -1563.967; 95% confidence interval, CI: -2916.484 to -211.450). CONCLUSION: The differences in bone variables attributed to sport practice occurred independently of maturation, while high training load in situations of hypogravity seemed to be related to lower bone mass in swimmers.

scholarly journals High systemic bone mineral density increases the risk of incident knee OA and joint space narrowing, but not radiographic progression of existing knee OA: the MOST study

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Nevitt ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
M K Javaid ◽  
T Neogi ◽  
J R Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives:Previous studies suggest that high systemic bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) defined by osteophytes but not with joint space narrowing (JSN), and are inconsistent regarding BMD and progression of existing OA. The association of BMD with incident and progressive tibiofemoral OA was tested in a large prospective study of men and women aged 50–79 years with or at risk for knee OA.Methods:Baseline and 30-month weight-bearing posteroanterior and lateral knee radiographs were scored for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, JSN and osteophytes. Incident OA was defined as the development of K-L grade ⩾2 at follow-up. All knees were classified for increases in grade of JSN and osteophytes from baseline. The association of gender-specific quartiles of baseline BMD with risk of incident and progressive OA was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.Results:The mean (SD) age of 1754 subjects was 63.2 (7.8) years and body mass index was 29.9 (5.4) kg/m2. In knees without baseline OA, higher femoral neck and whole body BMD were associated with an increased risk of incident OA and increases in grade of JSN and osteophytes (p<0.01 for trends); adjusted odds were 2.3–2.9-fold greater in the highest compared with the lowest BMD quartiles. In knees with existing OA, progression was not significantly related to BMD.Conclusions:In knees without OA, higher systemic BMD was associated with a greater risk of the onset of JSN and K-L grade ⩾2. The role of systemic BMD in early knee OA pathogenesis warrants further investigation.

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