scholarly journals Food groups and intermediate disease markers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Khalid Iqbal ◽  
Carolina Schwedhelm ◽  
Heiner Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Disease Markers

ABSTRACT Background In previous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies, we investigated the association between food groups and risk of chronic disease. Objective The aim of the present network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess the effects of these food groups on intermediate-disease markers across randomized intervention trials. Design Literature searches were performed until January 2018. The following inclusion criteria were defined a priori: 1) randomized trial (≥4 wk duration) comparing ≥2 of the following food groups: refined grains, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); 2) LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) were defined as primary outcomes; total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein were defined as secondary outcomes. For each outcome, a random NMA was performed, and for the ranking, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was determined. Results A total of 66 randomized trials (86 reports) comparing 10 food groups and enrolling 3595 participants was identified. Nuts were ranked as the best food group at reducing LDL cholesterol (SUCRA: 93%), followed by legumes (85%) and whole grains (70%). For reducing TG, fish (97%) was ranked best, followed by nuts (78%) and red meat (72%). However, these findings are limited by the low quality of the evidence. When combining all 10 outcomes, the highest SUCRA values were found for nuts (66%), legumes (62%), and whole grains (62%), whereas SSBs performed worst (29%). Conclusion The present NMA provides evidence that increased intake of nuts, legumes, and whole grains is more effective at improving metabolic health than other food groups. For the credibility of diet-disease relations, high-quality randomized trials focusing on well-established intermediate-disease markers could play an important role. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) as CRD42018086753.

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Akbari ◽  
Mahmood Mosazadeh ◽  
Kamran Lankarani ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Mansooreh Samimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients. We conducted an electronic systematic search of MEDLINE, and 4 other research databases from inception to August 2016, in addition to performing hand searches and consulting with experts in the field. The index of heterogeneity between studies was determined using Cochran (Q) and I-squared tests. Given the existing heterogeneity between studies, a fix or random effect model was performed to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) for each variable by using inverse variance method and Cohen statistics. Six randomized clinical trials (187 subjects and 184 controls) were included. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [SMD −0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.14 to −0.18], homeostatic model assessment-B cell function (HOMA-B) (SMD −0.52; 95% CI, −0.79 to −0.25), LDL-cholesterol levels (SMD −0.33; 95% CI, −0.58 to −0.07), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD 0.73; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.20). We found no beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, total-, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation may lead to an improvement in HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and LDL-cholesterol levels, but did not affect FPG, insulin, HbA1c, triglycerides, total- and HDL-cholesterol levels; however, vitamin D supplementation increased HOMA-B.

Effects of diacerein intake on cardiometabolic profiles in type 2 diabetics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Mohammad Jalali ◽  
Navid Jamali ◽  
Shahla Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Introduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diacerein intake on cardiometabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 31 July 2019. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2 ) statistic. Data were pooled using random-effect models and weighted mean difference (WMD). Results: From 1,733 citations, seven clinical trials were eligible for inclusion and meta-analysis. A significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD -0.73; 95%CI -1.25 to -0.21; P= 0.006; I2 = 72.2%) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD -0.55; 95%CI -1.03 to -0.07; P= 0.026; I2 = 9.5%) were identified. However, no significant effect of diacerein intake was identified on fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD - 9.00; 95%CI -22.57 to 4.57; P= 0.194; I2 = 60.5%), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD 0.39; 95%CI 0.95 to 1.73; P= 0.569; I2 = 2.2%), body weight (WMD -0.54; 95%CI -1.10 to 0.02; P= 0.059), triglycerides (WMD -0.56; 95%CI -24.16 to 23.03; P= 0.963; I2 = 0.0%), total-cholesterol (WMD -0.21; 95%CI -12.19 to 11.78; P= 0.973; I2 = 0.0%), HDL-cholesterol (WMD -0.96; 95%CI -2.85 to 0.93; P= 0.321; I2 = 0.0%), and LDL-cholesterol levels (WMD -0.09; 95%CI -8.43 to 8.25; P= 0.983; I2 = 37.8%). Conclusion: Diacerein intake may reduce HbA1c and BMI; however, no evidence of effect was observed for FBS, HOMA-IR, body weight, triglycerides, total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol.

scholarly journals Short-Term Tea Consumption Is Not Associated with a Reduction in Blood Lipids or Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3269-3279
Author(s):  
Ebuwa Igho-Osagie ◽  
Kelly Cara ◽  
Deena Wang ◽  
Qisi Yao ◽  
Laura P Penkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality

ABSTRACT Background A recent systematic review of epidemiological evidence suggests that higher amounts of tea intake are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Objectives Our study objective was to assess mechanisms by which tea consumption may influence CVD risks. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of green and/or black tea consumption (≥4 wk) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in healthy populations and among at-risk adults (analyzed separately) with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the strength of evidence (SoE). Results A total of 14 unique RCTs which randomly assigned 798 participants to either green tea, black tea, or placebo controls were included in our analyses. Intervention durations ranged from 4 to 24 wk (mean: 7.4 wk). Individual studies were judged as moderate to high quality based on risk of bias assessments. SoE was low to moderate owing to low sample sizes and insufficient power for most included studies to observe changes in the measured CVD biomarkers. Meta-analyses showed no significant effects of tea consumption on SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG in healthy and at-risk adults (i.e., adults with obesity, prediabetes, borderline hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome). Conclusions Short-term (4–24 wk) tea consumption does not appear to significantly affect blood pressure or lipids in healthy or at-risk adults, although the evidence is limited by insufficient power to detect changes in these CVD biomarkers. High-quality RCTs with longer durations and sufficient sample sizes are needed to fully elucidate the effects of tea. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020134513.

scholarly journals Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations, COVID-19 Severity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽  
Alessandro G. Fois ◽  
Paolo Solidoro ◽  
Ciriaco Carru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Meta Regression

Lipid profile alterations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relation to disease severity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression of studies reporting total, HDL, and LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, between January 2020 and January 2021, for studies describing lipid concentrations, COVID-19 severity, and survival status (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021253401). Twenty-two studies in 10,122 COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that hospitalized patients with severe disease or non-survivor status had significantly lower total cholesterol (standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.29, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.16, p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.18, p < 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol (SMD = −0.44, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.26, p < 0.001), but not triglyceride (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.19, p = 0.57), concentrations compared to patients with milder disease or survivor status during follow up. Between-study heterogeneity was large-to-extreme. In sensitivity analysis, the effect size of different lipid fractions was not affected when each study was in turn removed. The Begg's and Egger's t-tests did not show evidence of publication bias, except for studies investigating LDL-cholesterol. In meta-regression, significant associations were observed between the SMD of LDL-cholesterol and age and hypertension, and between the SMD of triglycerides and study endpoint and aspartate aminotransferase. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, lower total, HDL, and LDL-cholesterol, but not triglyceride, concentrations were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Cholesterol concentrations might be useful, in combination with other clinical and demographic variables, for risk stratification and monitoring in this group.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021253401.

scholarly journals The effect of oatβ-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1369-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang V. T. Ho ◽  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
Elena Jovanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractOats are a rich source ofβ-glucan, a viscous, soluble fibre recognised for its cholesterol-lowering properties, and are associated with reduced risk of CVD. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials (RCT) investigating the cholesterol-lowering potential of oatβ-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for the risk reduction of CVD. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. We included RCT of ≥3 weeks of follow-up, assessing the effect of diets enriched with oatβ-glucan compared with controlled diets on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol or apoB. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95 % CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran’sQstatistic and quantified by theI2-statistic. In total, fifty-eight trials (n3974) were included. A median dose of 3·5 g/d of oatβ-glucan significantly lowered LDL-cholesterol (−0·19; 95 % CI −0·23, −0·14 mmol/l,P<0·00001), non-HDL-cholesterol (−0·20; 95 % CI −0·26, −0·15 mmol/l,P<0·00001) and apoB (−0·03; 95 % CI −0·05, −0·02 g/l,P<0·0001) compared with control interventions. There was evidence for considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of LDL-cholesterol (I2=79 %) and non-HDL-cholesterol (I2=99 %). Pooled analyses showed that oatβ-glucan has a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB. Inclusion of oat-containing foods may be a strategy for achieving targets in CVD reduction.

scholarly journals The Impact of Opium Abuse on Lipid Profile in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4795
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Xiao-Hua Wang ◽  
Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo ◽  
Jude Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Opium Abuse ◽  
The Impact

There is an increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide and substance abuse has been observed as a problem among some people with diabetes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the association between unhealthy drug use including the abuse of opium and clinical outcomes including its impact on lipid profile in patients with diabetes as the presence of these conditions can increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis which evaluated the impact of opium abuse on lipid profile in patients with diabetes. Method: This systematic review was conducted in line with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases (Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO) plus Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from database inception to 18 July 2019 based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. The studies included were based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria including patients with diabetes who abused opium. Articles were evaluated for risk of bias and the meta-analysis was conducted using Revman. Results: Six articles that met the criteria were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The type of substance abused was opium in all the studies. The results of the meta-analysis showed that opium abuse significantly (P = 0.01) lowered total cholesterol compared to control with a mean difference of −0.17 (95% CI, −0.29, −0.04) in patients with diabetes. With respect to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and body mass index, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) between those who abused opium compared with the control. Nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and lipid dysregulation due to liver dysfunction which are found in people who abuse substances may explain the findings of the current review with respect to lipid profile in patients with diabetes who abuse opium compared with the control. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that opium abuse significantly decreased total cholesterol (P < 0.05) in patients with diabetes. However, the effect of opium abuse on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and LDL cholesterol in these patients were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) compared with the control. This result has public health significance in terms of ensuring the promotion of adequate nutritional intake in patients with diabetes who abuse opium.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effects of Turmeric and Curcuminoids on Blood Lipids in Adults with Metabolic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Yuan ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Dingkun Wang ◽  
Meilin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Dyslipidemia is a global health problem and a high risk factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to serious cardiovascular disease (CVD). Existing studies have shown inconsistent effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood lipids in adults. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. We searched the English databases of the Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid (including EMBASE and MEDLINE), Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and 2 Chinese databases, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood TG, TC, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in subjects with metabolic diseases. With random-effects models, separate meta-analyses were conducted by using inverse-variance. The results are presented as the mean difference with 95% CIs. Evidence from 12 RCTs for TG, 14 RCTs for TC, 13 RCTs for LDL cholesterol, and 16 RCTs for HDL cholesterol showed that turmeric and curcuminoids could lower blood TG by −19.1 mg/dL (95% CI: −31.7, −6.46 mg/dL; P = 0.003), TC by −11.4 mg/dL (95% CI: −17.1, −5.74 mg/dL; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol by −9.83 mg/dL (95% CI: −15.9, −3.74 mg/dL; P = 0.002), and increase HDL cholesterol by 1.9 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.31, 3.49 mg/dL; P = 0.02). In conclusion, turmeric and curcuminoids can significantly modulate blood lipids in adults with metabolic diseases. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the significant heterogeneity between included studies (I2 > 50%). There is a need for further RCTs in future.

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