scholarly journals The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) responsive parenting intervention for firstborns impacts feeding of secondborns

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara F Ruggiero ◽  
Emily E Hohman ◽  
Leann L Birch ◽  
Ian M Paul ◽  
Jennifer S Savage
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Responsive Parenting ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Parent Feeding ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Background The Intervention Nurses Start Infant Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study's responsive parenting (RP) intervention, initiated in early infancy, prevented the use of nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices and promoted use of structure-based feeding among first-time parents compared with controls. Objectives We sought to examine the spillover effect of the RP intervention on maternal feeding practices with their secondborn (SB) infants enrolled in an observational-only study, SIBSIGHT, and to test the moderating effect of spacing of births. Methods SB infants of mothers participating in the INSIGHT study were enrolled into the observation-only ancillary study, SIBSIGHT. SBs were healthy singleton infants ≥36 weeks of gestation. Infant feeding practices (i.e., food to soothe, structure vs. control-based practices) were assessed using validated questionnaires: Babies Need Soothing Questionnaire, Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire, and the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding Questionnaire. Results SBs (n = 117 [RP: 57, control: 60]; 43% male) were delivered 2.5 ± 0.8 y after firstborns (FBs). At age 1 y, the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding Questionnaire revealed that the mothers in the RP group used more consistent feeding routines (4.19 [0.43] compared with 3.77 [0.62], P = 0.0006, Cohen's D: 0.69) compared with control group mothers. From the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire, RP group mothers also used less nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices such as pressuring their SB infant to finish (1.81 [0.52] compared with 2.24 [0.68], P = 0.001, Cohen's D: 0.68) compared with controls. In contrast to our hypotheses, no differences were detected in bottle-feeding practices such as putting to bed with a bottle/sippy cup or adding cereal to the bottle, despite observing study group differences in FBs. Spacing of births did not moderate intervention effects. Conclusions RP guidance given to mothers of FBs may prevent the use of some nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices while establishing consistent feeding routines in subsequent siblings.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Stroke Sequelae through Virtual Reality Associated with Mirror Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2654
Author(s):  
Roxana Steliana Miclaus ◽  
Nadinne Roman ◽  
Ramona Henter ◽  
Silviu Caloian
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Post Therapy

More innovative technologies are used worldwide in patient’s rehabilitation after stroke, as it represents a significant cause of disability. The majority of the studies use a single type of therapy in therapeutic protocols. We aimed to identify if the association of virtual reality (VR) therapy and mirror therapy (MT) exercises have better outcomes in lower extremity rehabilitation in post-stroke patients compared to standard physiotherapy. Fifty-nine inpatients from 76 initially identified were included in the research. One experimental group (n = 31) received VR therapy and MT, while the control group (n = 28) received standard physiotherapy. Each group performed seventy minutes of therapy per day for ten days. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed that both groups registered significant differences between pre-and post-therapy clinical status for the range of motion and muscle strength (p < 0.001 and Cohen’s d between 0.324 and 0.645). Motor Fugl Meyer Lower Extremity Assessment also suggested significant differences pre-and post-therapy for both groups (p < 0.05 and Cohen’s d 0.254 for the control group and 0.685 for the experimental group). Mann-Whitney results suggested that VR and MT as a therapeutic intervention have better outcomes than standard physiotherapy in range of motion (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.693), muscle strength (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.924), lower extremity functionality (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.984) and postural balance (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d 0.936). Our research suggests that VR therapy associated with MT may successfully substitute classic physiotherapy in lower extremity rehabilitation after stroke.

scholarly journals Distance Motor Learning during the COVID-19 Induced Confinement: Video Feedback with a Pedagogical Activity Improves the Snatch Technique in Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Omar Trabelsi ◽  
Jordan M. Glenn ◽  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

The purpose of the present study was to investigate which of two strategies, Video Feedback with Pedagogical Activity (VF-PA) or Video Feedback (VF), would be more beneficial for the remote error correction of the snatch weightlifting technique during the confinement period. Thirty-five school aged children with at least three months of weightlifting experience were randomized to one of three training conditions: VF-PA, VF or the Control group (CONT). Subjects underwent test sessions one week before (T0) and one day after (T1) a six-session training period and a retention test session a week later (T2). During each test session, the Kinovea version 0.8.15 software measured the kinematic parameters of the snatch performance. Following distance learning sessions (T1), the VF-PA improved various kinematic parameters (i.e., barbell horizontal displacements, maximum height, looping and symmetry) compared with T0 (p < 0.5; Cohen’s d = 0.58–1.1). Most of these improvements were maintained during the retention test (T2) (p<0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.2–1.3) when compared withT0. However, the VF group improved only twoparameters (i.e., barbell symmetry and horizontal displacement) at T1 (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.9), which were not maintained at T2. Better horizontal displacement and looping values were registered during the retention test in the VF-PA group compared with theCONT group (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.49–1.52). The present findings suggest combining video feedback with pedagogical activity during the pandemic induced online coaching or physical education to improve movement learning in school aged children.

scholarly journals Asthma and subsequent school performance at age 15–16 years: A Swedish population-based sibling control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lundholm ◽  
Bronwyn K. Brew ◽  
Brian M. D’Onofrio ◽  
Emma Caffrey Osvald ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
And Control

AbstractAsthma may negatively affect children’s school performance, such as grades and exam results. Results from previous studies have shown varying results and may have suffered from confounding and other biases. We used a Swedish population-based cohort of 570,595 children with data on asthma (including severity and control) in Grades 7–8 and 9, school performance from Grade 9 (grade point sum, non-eligibility for upper secondary school and national test results) and measured confounders from national registers. We used sibling comparisons to account for unmeasured familial factors. Children with asthma and severe asthma performed slightly better in school than children without asthma when adjusting for measured confounders, but the associations were attenuated in sibling comparisons. In contrast, children with uncontrolled asthma performed slightly worse (e.g. Grade 9: βadj = −9.9; 95% CI −12.8 to −7.0; Cohen’s d = 0.16). This association remained for uncontrolled asthma in Grade 9 in sibling comparisons (Grade 9: β = −7.7 points; 95% CI −12.6 to −2.6; Cohen’s d = 0.12), but not for Grades 7–8. The attenuation of estimates when controlling for familial factors using sibling comparisons suggests that the differences were due to familial factors, rather than being causal. The remaining associations in sibling comparisons between uncontrolled asthma in Grade 9 and school performance are consistent with a causal association.

scholarly journals The Influence of Infant Food Advertising on Infant Feeding Practices in St. Vincent

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Greiner ◽  
Michael C. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Complete Sample ◽  
Infant Foods ◽  
The Public

A survey designed to examine the extent to which infant food advertising could be shown measurably to influence infant feeding practices was carried out in St. Vincent in the eastern Caribbean. A questionnaire was administered to mothers of about 200 children one to two years old, nearly a complete sample in each of two towns. Infant food advertising was found to be uncommon. The typical infant feeding pattern, largely a combination of both breast and bottle feeding, had existed for decades. Despite the fact that this was not a very appropriate setting for such a study, and that there were a number of methodological constraints, the results of two multiple regression analyses suggested that the more a mother was influenced by infant food advertising, the sooner she began to bottle feed and the sooner she stopped breastfeeding. The cessation of all promotion of commercial infant foods, to the public as well as to health professionals, is called for.

Improving the Accuracy of Firearm Identification in a Dynamic Use of Force Scenario

2020 ◽  
pp. 109861112094438
Author(s):  
M. Hunter Martaindale
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Force Scenario ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Decision Errors ◽  
Second Use

Law enforcement officers are sometimes required to make split-second use of force decisions. One factor that can impact their decision-making process is the presence of a weapon. This experiment sought to improve the speed and accuracy of weapon identification in a dynamic use of force scenario through the principles of deliberate practice. This research utilized randomized control trial with random assignment to either a control or test condition. Eighty-seven participants completed the pretest, intervention, and posttest. Participants’ vision was recorded via a mobile vision-tracker. With only 20 minutes of training, the test group made 1/3 the amount of decision errors as the control group (Cohen’s d = 0.95). The test group was about 16% faster than the control group at visually finding the object in the suspect’s hand and determining if it was a gun or not (Cohen’s d = 0.91).

scholarly journals Efecto y satisfacción de un programa de actividad física controlada por pulsómetro en el índice de masa corporal de escolares con sobrepeso-obesidad (Effect of and satisfaction with a program of physical activity controlled through heart rate monitors on

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Emilio J Martinez-López ◽  
Jesús Moreno-Cerceda ◽  
Sara Suarez-Manzano ◽  
Alberto Ruiz-Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Young Students ◽  
Cohen's D

Sustituir el tiempo sedentario por la práctica sistemática de actividad física (AF) es uno de los grandes retos  educativos y sociales dirigidos a jóvenes con sobrepeso-obesidad. El objetivo principal fue analizar el efecto en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de un programa de AF extraescolar que empleó el pulsómetro como mecanismo para cuantificar el volumen e intensidad del ejercicio. Participaron 69 escolares con sobrepeso-obesidad de 9 a 12 años. La muestra se aleatorizó en grupo con programa y pulsómetro (GE1, n=23), grupo con solo programa (GE2, n=23), y grupo control que no realizó programa ni empleó pulsómetro (GC, n=23). Los resultados mostraron que GE1 había disminuido el IMC respecto al GC a los dos y tres meses de intervención (-1.65 kg/m2; p=.037, d de Cohen=.786; y -2.02 kg/m2, p=.006, d de Cohen=.895, respectivamente). GE1 incrementó significativamente el tiempo diario de intensidad máxima de AF medida por el pulsómetro (p=.028). El 86.9% y el 60.8% de los alumnos del GE1 y GE2 respectivamente afirmaron estar bastante o totalmente de acuerdo con el ítem “He comprobado que realizo más actividad física diaria que antes”. La mayoría de niños y padres del GE1 consideraron la experiencia como positiva y motivante para realizar más AF. Se concluye que un programa dirigido desde la Educación Física, que combina AF extraescolar y emplea el pulsómetro como mecanismo de control, disminuye el IMC en jóvenes con sobrepeso-obesidad después de dos meses de aplicación, aumenta la motivación por la práctica físico-deportiva, e implica cambios positivos en los hábitos de salud familiares. Abstract. Replacing sedentary time with systematic practice of PA is one of the major social and health challenges of globalized world. The main aim of this research was to analyze the effect of a program based on extracurricular PA, using heart rate monitor to quantify the volume and intensity of PA, on the body mass index (BMI). 69 young students with overweight-obesity aged nine to 12 years participated in this study. The sample was randomly split in two groups: PA program and heart rate monitor (EG1, n=23), PA program without heart rate monitor (EG2, n=23), and control group, whose members did not carry out any program nor used any heart rate monitor (CG, n=23). Results showed that GE1 decreased BMI more than CG after two and three months of intervention (-1.65 kg/m2; p=.037, Cohen’s d=.786; y -2.02 kg/m2, p=.006, Cohen’s d =.895, respectively). G1 significantly increased the daily time of PA at maximum intensity measured by the heart rate monitor (p=.028). 86.9% and 60.8% of students in EG1 and EG2 respectively, were quite or totally in agreement with the item "I have verified that I carry out more physical activity daily than before". The majority of children and parents in EG1 considered the experience as positive and motivating to practice more PA. A program focused on Physical Education and combining extracurricular PA and heart rate monitor as a control mechanism, decreases BMI in overweight-obese young students after two months of application, increases motivation towards PA and sport practice, and implies positive changes in family health habits.

scholarly journals Effect of Continues Midwifery Support in Labor on the Childbirth Experience and Self-Esteem of Primipara Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Soleimani ◽  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Farideh Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization states that mothers during labor and delivery should be supported by people with whom they feel comfortable, because one of the non-pharmacological methods of relieving labor pain is the continued support of midwives in labor. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the effect of continuous midwifery support in labor on delivery experience and self-esteem of nulliparous women 6 weeks after delivery.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in 2021 on 70 pregnant women admitted to the delivery ward who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups through balanced block randomization with a block size of 4. Participants completed a demographic and midwifery information questionnaire before entering the study. In the intervention group, in addition to routine labor care, the researcher was present at the mother's bedside and was present with the mother continuously throughout the labor and up to 2 hours after delivery and provided the necessary support. The control group received only routine labor and postpartum care. Six weeks after delivery, participants in both groups were contacted to complete the CEQ and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaires. Finally, data were collected and analyzed. Significance level was considered 0.05.Results: By controlling the effect of duration of the first and second stages of labor as potential confounders, the mean (sd) of childbirth experience 6 weeks after delivery was 70.92 (7.07) in the intervention group and 59.69 (7.08) in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). The amount of effect size indicates a very strong effect of the intervention on improving the childbirth experience (Cohen’s d = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.26). Comparison of the mean of maternal self-esteem showed that this rate in the intervention group was 2 scores higher than the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.05). Cohen's d indicates the average effect of intervention on mothers' self-esteem score (Cohen's d = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.06, 1.05).Conclusions: Continuous support of the midwife in labor and up to 2 hours after delivery can lead to a better childbirth experience and increase the mother's self-esteem up to 6 weeks after delivery.Trial registration: IRCT ID: IRCT20201102049233N1, First Registration date: 2021-06-04

MISCELLANEOUS REVIEW

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1019
Author(s):  
DAVID H. CLEMENT
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Cost

Some Practical Considerations of Economy and Efficiency in Infant Feeding. American Journal of Public Health, 52:125-142, 1962. (Reprinted for the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Children's Bureau.) A Joint Committee of the Food and Nutrition Section and the Maternal and Child Health Section of the American Public Health Association has written this useful review. Compressed into its 17 pages is a great deal of pertinent information from man widely scattered sources and of special interest to physicians and nurses engaged in infant feeding practices among families where economy is important. Infant feeding practices have been reviewed with special regard to cost, convenience, and safety. But there are many facts of interest to the private practitioner whose patients may be free of financial worry. Impressive is the statement that in 1957 some 13,500,000 United States children were in families whose total income was less than $3,000 a year. In 1956, one of five dwelling units in small cities or rural areas had no running water inside the structure. The cost of breast feeding in relation to bottle feeding depends upon the cost of the additional nutrients eaten by the mother. With a truly low-cost diet (which impressed this reviewer as so unpalatable as to be unrealistic the cost was calculated at 15ø a day, whereas with a moderate cost diet it was 40ø a day. An evaporated milk formula was estimated at 15ø a day and pasteurized whole milk at 25ø a day. The safety of breast milk was accepted as vastly superior to formulas.

scholarly journals M184. SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH PREDOMINANTLY NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S206-S206
Author(s):  
Monica Kayo ◽  
Silvia Scemes ◽  
Mariangela Gentil Savoia ◽  
Ary Gadelha ◽  
Rodrigo Bressan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Background Poor social skills are a core characteristic of schizophrenia and are highly associated with the progression of negative symptoms. While positive symptoms have a good response to antipsychotics, the treatment of negative symptoms remains an unmet need. Methods A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a 20-week social skills training (SST) program for the improvement of negative symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) with predominantly negative persistent symptoms, with a score &gt; 4 (moderate) in at least 3 items of the Negative Symptom Factor Score (NSFS) (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive social withdrawal, lack of spontaneity, motor retardation and active social avoidance). Each session lasted 60 minutes and included 6 to 9 participants. The SST sessions were conducted by trained psychologists, following topics previously outlined in a manual, and role-playing activities. The non-directive control group was conducted by nurses specialists in mental health, with the same duration but without role-playing activities. Control groups’ therapists were instructed not to give directions to the patients but to listen and redirect questions to the group. TRS was defined as the persistence of psychotic symptoms after at least two adequate trials with two different antipsychotics, All patients were taking clozapine. Blinded raters evaluated the patients at baseline, 20 weeks and after 6 months follow-up by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Social Skills Inventory (SSI). Longitudinal comparisons between groups were carried out using a linear mixed-effects model at pre, post and follow-up to assess differences between groups. Cohen’s d effect size was computed at each time point. Primary outcome measure was the PANSS negative subscale score.Social skill were assessed with the Social Skills Inventory. Results 62 patients were randomized to SST (N=29) and control group (N=33). Subjects were predominantly male (70.96%) and single (88.70%). At baseline, groups showed no differences in terms of demographic variables and illness duration. Patients were moderately ill, with mean CGI = 4.10 (SD 0.78) in SST group and 4.34 (0.90) in the control group, and had a high baseline PANSS score, with a mean total PANSS 71.90 (10.83) in the SST group and 70.4 (13.8) in the control group. The mean PANSS negative subscale score was 25.48 (4.56) in SST group and 25.13 (6.34) in control group; in the SST group 28 patients completed the 20-week intervention and 24 were assessed after 6 months; in the control group, 18 completed the treatment and 16 were assessed at the follow-up. After the 20-week intervention period, the PANSS negative scores were 24.57 (4.92) in the SST group and 22.67 (6.59) in the control group. At the follow-up, the negative score was 23.92 (5.85) in the SST group and 22.97 (5.32) in the control. There was no improvement at any timepoint (p= 0.162) or any difference between groups (p= 0.864). Patients remained clinically stable during the study. The only symptom which showed a significant improvement was the control of aggressiveness (Cohen’s d at week 20 = 0.445 [IC 95% -0.140; 1.030]), which was maintained at follow-up (Cohen’s d = 0.682 [IC 95% 0.037; 1.327]). Discussion The study has limitations: the SSI was not designed to assess social skills in patients with psychosis, and we have not assessed the adherence to pharmacological treatment. Our findings suggest that SST is not effective to improve negative symptoms in patients with TRS with predominantly negative symptoms, but may be potentially useful for the control of aggressiveness in situations such as criticism and mockery, which frequently occur in social interactions.

A School-Based Physical Activity and Motor Development Program for Low-Fit Adolescent Females: The Sport4Fun Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Andruschko ◽  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
Phil Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skill ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cohen's D

This study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of a multi-faceted secondary school–based intervention among low-fit adolescent females. TheSport4Funprogram was designed to promote physical activity participation, fundamental movement skill proficiency, perceived physical competence, and enjoyment of physical activity in secondary school students. The intervention consisted of three components including two practical components—weekly movement skill activities for 90 min during compulsory school sport and sports-based activities for 60 min after school (non-compulsory) for 6 months—and one theoretical component—three 15-min theory sessions completed during homeroom (or roll call) time per week. The control group participated in their regular school activities. Compared with females in the control group, those in the intervention group showed a greater increase in total weekday accelerometer counts per min (adjusted difference, 77.49; 95% CI, 8.21–132.77;p = .03; Cohen’s d = 1.26). The difference in total fundamental movement skill components mastered favored the intervention group but was not statistically significant (adjusted difference, 1.48; 95% CI, −1.21–4.17;p = .26, Cohen’s d = 0.48). Targeting fundamental movement skills may be a potentially novel and motivating way to promote activity among low-fit adolescent girls; however, challenges in recruitment and implementation warrant further investigation before adopting this approach more broadly.

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