Prenatal Chronic Hypoxia in Rats Leads to Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Adult Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336-1337
Author(s):  
Hong-an Ying ◽  
Zi-yang Huang ◽  
Zhen-hua Wang ◽  
En-hua Cheng ◽  
Hai-ying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Intrauterine Hypoxia

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of chronic intrauterine hypoxia on insulin resistance, hypertension, and the correlation between them in adult offspring rats. Methods A total of 25 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 prenatal chronic hypoxia (H) groups (10% ± 1% oxygen) and a control group (21% oxygen). The H groups were divided into whole (1–21 day), early (1–7 day), mid (8–14 day), and late (15–21 day) gestational hypoxia groups (H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively) with pregnant rats being housed in a hypoxia box for 3 hours per day. Five male and 5 female offspring in each group were studied at 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months old. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and insulin resistance index were determined. Results The mean blood pressure of offspring rats in H groups was higher at 3 months, and further increased at 6 months old compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of male and female offspring in the whole pregnancy (H1) and early pregnancy (H2) hypoxia groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at 6 months (P < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with mean blood pressure (P < 0.05). The renal mass index in H2 group was lower at 3 months, and further decreased at 6 months compared to controls (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1 and IRS-2) in the kidneys in hypoxia groups were significantly decreased at 6 months in H1 and H2 hypoxia groups when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions Chronic intrauterine hypoxia causes insulin resistance and hypertension in adult offspring rats through poor intrauterine growth environment, and insulin resistance is positively associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevention of insulin resistance with Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. extract in high-fructose fed rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-6
Author(s):  
Trinovita Andraini ◽  
Sophie Yolanda
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
High Fructose

Background: Dyslipidemia and stress oxidative play an important role as the cause of insulin resistance. One herb that has potent antioxidant effect and may improve dyslipidemia is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. extract on fasting blood glucose level, fasting blood insulin level, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in high-fructose fed rat.Methods: This was an experimental study in 25 Sprague-Dawley rats which were administered with a high-fructose diet (10% ad libitum) and Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. extract at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW/d simultaneously for 5 weeks. At the end of study, fasting blood glucose level, fasting blood insulin level and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured.Results: Fasting blood glucose, blood insulin, and HOMA-IR level of rats given high-fructose diet with Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. at dose 100 mg/kgBW/d were not significantly different than the group of rats given only high-fructose fed. While at the dose of 400 mg/kgBW/d, they were significantly lower than the group given only high-fructose fed (4.84 mmol/L vs 6.11 mmol/L, 0.07 µU/L vs 0.3 µU/L, and 0.02 vs 0.08 respectively).Conclusion: Oral administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. could prevent the development of insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet in the rat.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), accounts for more than 90% of the total number of diabetes mellitus cases and often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise intervention on insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Eighty-six obese diabetic patients were screened as experimental subjects in physical examinations and randomly divided into observation and control groups. Visceral fat volume, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin of all subjects were measured before and after completion of the 6-month experimental implementation. The insulin resistance was calculated for both groups and the values for each indicator were compared statistically between groups. Results: Control of body weight, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin resistance index were better in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Basal intervention with quantitative exercise can significantly improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients and the effect is better than treatment with diet and conventional exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals The Effect of A New Mixture of Sugar and Sugar-Alcohol (Lacritose) on Blood Glucose and Lipids and the Possible Adverse Reactions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rahmanian ◽  
Zohreh Mozafari ◽  
Danial Chaleshi ◽  
Marzieh Shukohifar ◽  
Saeedeh Jam-Ashkezari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Research

Background: A new sweetener with the commercial name of Lacritose has been recently produced, which is a combination of four simple sugars (lactose, fructose, sucrose, erythritol), with specific ingredients and percentages. This study aimed to assess glycemic response and short term gastrointestinal reactions in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 diabetic patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2018 were included. After collecting the primary data, they were assigned into three groups, including sucrose consumers as the control group, sucrose-lactose, and lacritose as the groups of consumers group. They were followed for two weeks, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial test (2HPP), fructose amine, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Results: In lacritose consumers, significant reductions were seen in FBG and 2HPP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively), although changes among the groups were not significant. In sucrose-lacritose consumers, FBG and cholesterol levels decreased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). In sucrose consumers, no reduction was seen. HOMA-IR did not significantly decrease, but intergroup changes were obvious. Conclusion: The lacritose effects on FBG and 2HPP were significantly evident, but the other metabolic indices did not show any significant change.

scholarly journals METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlu Su ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Songyan Yu ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Wenhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

Abstract BackgroundThe metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel noninsulin-based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS-IR is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS-IR and UACR and compared the discriminative ability of METS-IR and its components for elevated UACR. MethodsThis study included 37,290 subjects. METS-IR was calculated as follows: (Ln [2 × fasting blood glucose (FBG) + fasting triglyceride level (TG 0 )] × body mass index (BMI))/[Ln (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C))]. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS-IR: <25%, 25%–49%, 50%–74%, and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between METS-IR vs. its components (FBG, TG 0 , BMI, and HDL-C) with UACR. ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS-IR presented a more significant trend towards elevated UACR than towards its components (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all subjects; OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS-IR and UACR in younger participants (<65 years for women and 55–64 years for men). Increased METS-IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS-IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, and its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components. This findings support the clinical significance of METS-IR for evaluating renal function damage.

scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose Predicts Incidence of Hypertension Independent of HbA1c Levels and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Japanese: The Saku Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tatsumi ◽  
Akiko Morimoto ◽  
Kei Asayama ◽  
Nao Sonoda ◽  
Naomi Miyamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract BACKGROUND Relationships between blood glucose (BG) levels and insulin action, and incidence of hypertension have not been well known epidemiologically. This study aimed to investigate the association between indices of diabetes and the incidence of hypertension and compare the predictive powers of these indices in middle-aged Japanese. METHODS This 5-year cohort study included 2,210 Japanese aged 30–64 years without hypertension. Hazard ratios of high fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, high post-loaded BG levels, high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, insulin resistance (defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and impaired insulin secretion at baseline for the incidence of hypertension were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or receiving antihypertensive treatment. RESULTS During the follow-up, 456 participants developed hypertension. After adjustment for HbA1c and HOMA-IR, FBG was independently and significantly associated with hypertension. The hazard ratio of participants with FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l was 1.79 compared with those with FBG < 5.6 mmol/l. Even among those with HbA1c < 6.5%, HOMA-IR < 2.5, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, age < 55 years old, blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg or non- and moderate drinking, the results were similar. High 120-minute BG level and impaired insulin secretion did not increase the risk for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS FBG was a predictable index for future incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men and women. This is the first study comparing predictive powers of indices of diabetes for the incidence of hypertension.

Adipocytokines in Non-functional Adrenal Incidentalomas and Relation with Insulin Resistance Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Gamze Akkus ◽  
Mehtap Evran ◽  
Murat Sert ◽  
Tamer Tetiker
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Objective: Adrenal incidentalomas are diagnosed incidentally during radiological screenings and require endocrinological investigations for hormonal activity and malignancy. In certain studies, it has been reported that non-functional incidentalomas can be associated with high adipocytokines levels affecting the insulin resistance just like the adipose tissue with metabolic syndrome. Here, we studied serum adipocytokine levels including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin in subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma. Methods: Seventy-seven (77) patients (Female 57; Male 20) with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) were enrolled in the study. All patients’ past medical history, physical examination including Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were performed. The patients’ demographic, radiologic, hormonal and biochemical parameters were recorded. To compare the parameters, a control group (CG) (n=30) was formed from healthy volunteers. Both groups were matched for age, gender, waist circumference and BMI. Serum adipocytokines including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin were measured quantitatively by ELISA. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, sodium, potassium, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipid profiles, and dehidroepiandrostenedion sulphate (DHEAS) were measured. Results: Mean age of the patients was 52.2±10.4 years. BMI and waist circumference of NFAI patients were 26.2±3.28 kg/m2 and 90.2 ±7.5cm, respectively. The mean age of the control group was 48.0±8.16. BMI and waist circumference values for the control group were 25.3±3.5 kg/m2 and 88.3±9.6 cm, respectively. When both groups were compared for age, gender, BMI and waist circumference were non-significant (p>0.05). Serum fasting insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels of the NFAI group were significantly higher than CG (p<0.05). The insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) values of the NFAI subjects were found to be higher than CG (2.5±1.37, 1.1±0.3 p=0.00). Resistin level of NFAI group was also found to be higher than CG [286.6 ng/L vs. 197 ng/L; (P=0,00)], respectively. Leptin levels of NFAI were significantly higher than CG [441.1 ng/mL vs. 186.5 ng/mL; (P=0.00)] respectively. Adiponectin levels were significantly reduced in the NFAI group than in the CG [10.7 mg/L vs. 30.8 mg/L; (P=0.00)]. Comparision of visfatin and omentin levels was nonsignificant. Conclusion: In this study on subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma, we found not only significantly decreased serum adiponectin levels but also increased leptin, resistin levels as well as dyslipidemia, hypertension and high insulin resistance index. All of which could affect insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. The underlying mechanisms of these findings are unknown, hence further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Elevated Circulating Fetuin-B Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance and Reduced by GLP-1RA in Newly Diagnosed PCOS Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mani Mokou ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Bin Zhan ◽  
Shan Geng ◽  
Kejia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Previous studies have suggested that Fetuin-B seems to be a secreted adipokine related to metabolic diseases. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here, our objective is to investigate the changes in circulating Fetuin-B levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the association of Fetuin-B and insulin resistance (IR). Methods. The current study is comprised of a cross-sectional study and a series of interventional studies. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were engaged to assess glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum Fetuin-B levels were determined by ELISA. Results. Serum Fetuin-B and TNF-α levels were markedly increased in women with PCOS compared to healthy women. Circulating Fetuin-B was positively associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, the percentage of body fat (FAT%), systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, 2 h blood glucose after glucose overload, fasting insulin, 2 h insulin after glucose overload, HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), the area under the curve for insulin (AUCi), AUCg, and TNF-α, while negatively associated with M value and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). During the EHC, Fetuin-B levels were found to be significantly increased in PCOS women. After a glucose challenge, serum Fetuin-B levels in healthy women were significantly increased. Lipid infusion reduced serum Fetuin-B levels in 30 healthy subjects. After six months of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) intervention, serum Fetuin-B concentrations in PCOS women markedly decreased following ameliorated IR. Conclusion. Our results indicate that Fetuin-B may be a biomarker of IR in individuals with PCOS. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IIR-16007901.

Inflammatory Markers in Response to Different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise in Obese Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.027 and F = 3.42), IL-6 levels (P = 0.043 and F = 2.99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0.008 and F = 4.69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF-α concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0.01) and between the high-intensity and control groups (P = 0.01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0.01) and HI (P = 0.01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

scholarly journals Variation of Resistin Gene Is Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Obese People of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Tasmini Tasmini ◽  
Rizki Fajar Utami ◽  
Meirlin Rambu Kaita Riwa ◽  
Steven Steven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Resistin Level ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered associated with an increase of resistin levels that plays a role in the regulation of energy and maintaining fasting blood glucose. Polymorphism of resistin is thought to be correlated with the levels of resistin and insulin resistance.AIM: This study aimed to examine the association of +299G > A and -420C > G resistin (RETN) gene with resistin level and insulin resistance in obese people of Indonesia.METHODS: We examined 142 healthy unrelated subjects consisting of 71 obese and 71 controls. Fasting blood glucose was measured by the enzymatic method while the resistin and insulin levels were measured by Elisa method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index. Polymorphisms of RETN genes were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the data was tested. The data were correlated with Kruskal Wallis continue logistic regression and simple linear regressionRESULTS: In the obese group, there was an increased level of insulin (17.74 vs 11.27 mU/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.9 vs 1.46) compared to the control group. Polymorphism of +299G > A was associated with insulin resistance (GA and GA + AA genotype significantly different compare GG genotype with P < 0.001). Resistin level was negatively correlated with insulin level (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: In this study, polymorphism of +299G > A was identified as a risk factor for insulin resistance, and there was a significant association of serum resistin level with insulin level in the population of Indonesia.

Consumption of jelly dessert containing porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) glucomannan and inulin along with low-calorie diet contributes to glycemic control of obese adults: a randomized clinical trial

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
N.N. Utami ◽  
L.A. Lestari ◽  
Nurliyani ◽  
E. Harmayani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Obesity is often correlated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Obese people need to consume high fiber, high protein, low fat, and/or low calories food. In this report, the effect of the consumption of jelly containing porang glucomannan and inulin along with a low-calorie diet on the development of insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in obese adults were studied. A total of fifty-five volunteers of both sexes, aged 21 to 35 , were randomized to 3 groups: treatment 2 years, and body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m group, placebo group, and control group (not given any jelly). All participants should consume 1500 kcal daily for the first 4 weeks and 1200 kcal/day for the next 4 weeks, including 2 cups of jelly (120 g per cup) per day. Jelly with porang glucomannan and inulin maintain a normal level of insulin resistance index of individuals with normal FBG and significantly suppress insulin resistance development in individuals with FBG above normal baseline. These results significantly correlate with the intake of fiber. The FBG was maintained under normal conditions in individuals with normal baseline and improved from diabetes to prediabetes category in individuals with above normal baseline.

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