scholarly journals What We Talk About When We Talk About Binge Drinking: Towards an Integrated Conceptualization and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Maurage ◽  
Séverine Lannoy ◽  
Jessica Mange ◽  
Delphine Grynberg ◽  
Hélène Beaunieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract Rationale Binge drinking (BD), characterized by recurring alternations between intense intoxication episodes and abstinence periods, is the most frequent alcohol consumption pattern in youth and is growing in prevalence among older adults. Many studies have underlined the specific harmful impact of this habit by showing impaired abilities in a wide range of cognitive functions among binge drinkers, as well as modifications of brain structure and function. Aims Several controversies and inconsistencies currently hamper the harmonious development of the field and the recognition of BD as a specific alcohol consumption pattern. The main concern is the absence of consensual BD conceptualization, leading to variability in experimental group selection and alcohol consumption evaluation. The present paper aims at overcoming this key issue through a two-step approach. Methods and conclusions First, a literature review allows proposing an integrated BD conceptualization, distinguishing it from other subclinical alcohol consumption patterns. Six specific characteristics of BD are identified, namely, (1) the presence of physiological symptoms related to BD episodes, (2) the presence of psychological symptoms related to BD episodes, (3) the ratio of BD episodes compared to all alcohol drinking occasions, (4) the frequency of BD episodes, (5) the consumption speed and (6) the alternation between BD episodes and soberness periods. Second, capitalizing on this conceptual clarification, we propose an evaluation protocol jointly measuring these six BD characteristics. Finally, several research perspectives are presented to refine the proposed conceptualization.

scholarly journals Craving is everything: An eye-tracking exploration of attentional bias in binge drinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Bollen ◽  
Nicolas Masson ◽  
Samuel Salvaggio ◽  
Fabien D’Hondt ◽  
Pierre Maurage
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
High Calorie

Background: Attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli is a core characteristic of severe alcohol use disorders (AUD), directly linked to clinical variables (e.g. alcohol consumption, relapse). Nevertheless, the extent of this bias in subclinical populations remains poorly documented. This is particularly true for binge drinking, an alcohol consumption pattern highly prevalent in youth, characterised by an alternation between excessive intakes and withdrawal periods. Aims: We used eye-tracking to: (a) measure attentional bias in binge drinking, (b) determine its time course by dissociating early/late processing stages, (c) clarify its specificity for alcohol-related stimuli compared to other appetitive stimulations and (d) explore its modulation by current craving intensity. Methods: Binge drinkers ( n=42) and matched controls ( n=43) performed a visual probe task, requiring visual targets preceded by pairs of pictures to be processed, with three conditions (i.e. alcohol vs. soft drink, alcohol vs. high-calorie food, high-calorie food vs. low-calorie food). Results: No group difference was observed for early processing (i.e. first area of interest visited). Dwell times highlighted a bias towards soft drinks and healthy food among controls, without any global bias towards alcohol in binge drinkers. Centrally, a comparison of binge drinkers with low versus high current craving intensity indicated that binge drinking was associated with a bias towards alcohol and high-calorie food only in the presence of a high craving towards these stimuli. Conclusion: Attentional bias towards alcohol reported in severe AUD is only found in binge drinkers in the presence of high craving and is generalised to other appetitive cues.

scholarly journals Imaging of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Emergencies in Binge Drinking

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Trishna R. Shimpi ◽  
Sumer N. Shikhare ◽  
Raymond Chung ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Wilfred C.G. Peh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abdominal Emergencies

Excess alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. The pattern of consumption of alcoholic beverages has changed in our society in the recent past, with binge drinking becoming more and more common, especially among young adults. Abdominal pain following alcohol consumption can be secondary to a wide range of pathologies, the treatment algorithm of which can range from medical supportive treatment to more invasive life-saving procedures such as transarterial embolization and emergency laparotomy. Correct diagnosis, differentiation among these conditions, and implementing the correct management algorithm is heavily reliant on accurate and appropriate imaging. We review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging features and management options of acute abdominal emergencies secondary to binge drinking, based on a selection of illustrative cases.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks in Agriculture

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kujawa ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
And Function

Artificial neural networks are one of the most important elements of machine learning and artificial intelligence. They are inspired by the human brain structure and function as if they are based on interconnected nodes in which simple processing operations take place. The spectrum of neural networks application is very wide, and it also includes agriculture. Artificial neural networks are increasingly used by food producers at every stage of agricultural production and in efficient farm management. Examples of their applications include: forecasting of production effects in agriculture on the basis of a wide range of independent variables, verification of diseases and pests, intelligent weed control, and classification of the quality of harvested crops. Artificial intelligence methods support decision-making systems in agriculture, help optimize storage and transport processes, and make it possible to predict the costs incurred depending on the chosen direction of management. The inclusion of machine learning methods in the “life cycle of a farm” requires handling large amounts of data collected during the entire growing season and having the appropriate software. Currently, the visible development of precision farming and digital agriculture is causing more and more farms to turn to tools based on artificial intelligence. The purpose of this Special Issue was to publish high-quality research and review papers that cover the application of various types of artificial neural networks in solving relevant tasks and problems of widely defined agriculture.

scholarly journals FOXO3, Telomere Dynamics, and Healthy Brain Aging: A COBRE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 368-368
Author(s):  
Bradley Willcox ◽  
Kamal Masaki ◽  
Richard Allsopp ◽  
Kalpana Kallianpur
Keyword(s):  
Brain Aging ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
And Function

Abstract Human longevity is linked to genetic, cellular, and other complex biological and psychosocial traits. Aging is typically accompanied by gradual brain atrophy and cognitive decline, but the mechanisms are unclear. Cellular aging, characterized by telomere shortening and altered telomerase activity, is related to mortality and brain aging. Decelerated brain aging is associated with greater peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and, we hypothesize, may be linked to FOXO3 genotype. We will use MRI to assess brain structure and function cross-sectionally in 100 Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program Offspring. Atrophy and disrupted functional connectivity, markers of brain aging, will be examined in relation to FOXO3 and LTL. Associations between brain structural and functional differences, FOXO3 genotype and LTL will be investigated over a wide range of ages, controlling for other biological and psychosocial factors. Results may provide insight into mechanisms influencing the rate of brain aging, and may eventually extend human healthspan.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption pattern in western Nepal: findings from the COBIN baseline survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Ballav Adhikari ◽  
Anupa Rijal ◽  
Per Kallestrup ◽  
Dinesh Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Harmful use of alcohol is a global public health problem. Differences in alcohol consumption patterns may add valuable information to the design of public health interventions to prevent excessive use of alcohol, which is yet missing in Nepal. Hence, the purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence, patterns of alcohol consumption and socio-economic correlates of lifetime alcohol consumption and binge drinking in the semi-urban area of Pokhara Municipality. Methods The cross-sectional data used in this study were collected as part of the COBIN study to understand alcohol consumption patterns and frequency and to determine correlates of lifetime alcohol consumption and binge drinking in the semi-urban area of Pokhara Municipality, Nepal. Results Out of 2815 study participants, 35.6% had ever used alcohol in their lifetime (Male 67.2% and Female 18.9%). Among 571 respondents who drank alcohol within the past 30 days, 77.1% male, and 46.9% female reported binge drinking behaviour. On average, males consumed 8.8 ± 0.3 standard alcohol drinks on one occasion, while females consumed only 4.4 ± 0.3 alcoholic drinks. Male (OR = 16; 95% CI: 12.1–21.1), older adults (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) and people belonging to disadvantaged ethnic group (OR = 6.1; 95% CI: 4.9–6.3) had higher odds of lifetime alcohol consumption than their respective counterparts. Whereas, male (OR = 7.9; 95% CI: 4.3–14.6), having higher educational status and agriculture as the occupation had higher odds of binge drinking. Conclusion Alcohol consumption frequency was significantly higher among males than females in Western Nepal. Although national program and policies should recommend reducing alcohol consumption in general, targeted interventions are needed for males aged 45–65 years of age and certain ethnic groups (Dalit and Janajati).

scholarly journals Ride-Hailing Services and Alcohol Consumption: Longitudinal Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Burtch ◽  
Brad N Greenwood ◽  
Jeffrey S McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences and a leading cause of preventable deaths. Ride-hailing services such as Uber have been found to prevent alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities. These services may, however, facilitate alcohol consumption generally and binge drinking in particular. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research is to measure the impact of ride-hailing services on the extent and intensity of alcohol consumption. We allow these associations to depend on population density as the use of ride-hailing services varies across markets. METHODS We exploit the phased rollout of the ride-hailing platform Uber using a difference-in-differences approach. We use this variation to measure changes in alcohol consumption among a local population following Uber’s entry. Data are drawn from Uber press releases to capture platform entry and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) Annual Survey to measure alcohol consumption in 113 metropolitan areas. Models are estimated using fixed-effects Poisson regression. Pre- and postentry trends are used to validate this approach. RESULTS Ride-hailing has no association with the extent of alcohol consumption in high (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) or low (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) density markets, but is associated with increases in the binge drinking rate in high-density markets (0.71 [95% CI 0.13% to 1.29%]). This corresponds to a 4% increase in binge drinking within a Metropolitan Statistical Area. CONCLUSIONS Ride-hailing services are associated with an increase in binge drinking, which has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. Drunk driving rates have fallen for more than a decade, while binge drinking continues to climb. Both trends may be accelerated by ride-hailing services. This suggests that health information messaging should increase emphasis on the direct dangers of alcohol consumption and binge drinking.

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