Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulphate in Urine: Caution in their use as markers of recent alcohol use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Mercurio ◽  
Pamela Politi ◽  
Eleonora Mezzetti ◽  
Fausto Agostinelli ◽  
Gianmarco Troiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Recent Alcohol Use ◽  
Ethanol Metabolites ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aim To clarify the role of the ethanol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), in monitoring alcohol consumption. Method We recruited 7 female and 17 male volunteers who were instructed to consume a quantity of beer (containing 48 gm ethanol) with food in one session. We examined urinary excretion of EtG and EtS over time and looked for correlations between the concentrations of the metabolites EtG and EtS. Results EtG concentrations in urine varied between 0.026 and 430.372 μg/ml with average values between 11.85 μg/ml (SD 19.75), 30 min after alcohol intake, and 100.39 μg/ml (SD 101.34), 4.5 h after alcohol intake. EtS urinary concentration ranged from 0.006 to 101.432 μg/ml with average values between 4.77 μg/ml (SD 5.42), 30 min after alcohol intake, and 30.14 μg/ml (SD 27.20), 4.5 h after alcohol intake. Spearman’s test showed that urinary EtG and EtS correlated significantly at several time points. Conclusion The great interindividual variability in their excretion suggests caution in the use of urinary measurement of these metabolites in forensic investigations.

Perfectionism shapes the way adolescents perceive family acceptance over time

2022 ◽  
pp. 026540752110565
Author(s):  
Iulia M. Domocus ◽  
Lavinia E. Damian ◽  
Oana Benga
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Conditional Acceptance ◽  
Over Time

Previous theory and research linked perfectionism to contingent self-worth and conditional acceptance, but little research directly investigated how adolescents’ perfectionism and their perceived family acceptance shape each other over time. The present study is the first to investigate the reciprocal longitudinal relations between adolescents’ perfectionism and their perceived family acceptance. The study examined a sample of 264 adolescents (aged 14–19 years) over a period of 3 months, using a cross-lagged longitudinal design with two time points. Results showed that perfectionistic standards predict relative increases, whereas perfectionistic concerns predict relative decreases in adolescents’ perceived mother, father, and family acceptance. However, perceived family acceptance did not predict significant changes in perfectionistic standards nor in perfectionistic concerns. Considering this, the results emphasize the role of perfectionism as a predictor for perceptions of mother, father, and family acceptance and capture how perfectionism may shape interpersonal experiences within the family. Implications of these findings for both research and practice are discussed.

Evaluation of a commercial LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of ethyl glucuronide in urine for alcohol intake monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susen Becker ◽  
Romy Brauer ◽  
Michael Böttcher ◽  
Joachim Thiery ◽  
Uta Ceglarek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractA commercially available in vitro diagnostics (IVD)-approved mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in urine (RECIPE Chemicals+Instruments GmbH, Munich, Germany) was verified for monitoring of recent alcohol intake after transplantation.For sample preparation, 50 μL of urine sample was mixed with an isotope-labeled internal standard solution. After centrifugation, 5 μL of the supernatant was analyzed by LC-MS/MS in a total run time of 3 min. An API 6500 tandem mass spectrometer (AB SCIEX, Toronto, Canada) combined with a Shimadzu UFLC system (Duisburg, Germany) was applied.The limits of quantification for the commercial assay were 0.07 mg/L for EtG and 0.03 mg/L for EtS in urine. The coefficient of variation for both analytes was lower than 7% (within-day) and 15% (between-days). Accuracy ranged between 101 and 144% for samples from an external quality assurance program. The comparison of the commercial test kit and an established LC-MS/MS method showed a very good agreement for EtG (r=0.96) and EtS (r=0.97) over a broad urine concentration range.The commercial IVD-certified LC-MS/MS assay is suitable for the analysis of EtG and EtS in human urine[0] to assess recent alcohol intake in transplant monitoring.

Bidirectional and transactional relationships between parenting styles and child symptoms of ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety over 6 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna E. S. Allmann ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Maladaptive Parenting

Abstract It is well established that mothers’ parenting impacts children's adjustment. However, much less is known about how children's psychopathology impacts their mothers’ parenting and how parenting and child symptoms relate either bidirectionally (i.e., a relationship in both directions over two time points) or transactionally (i.e., a process that unfolds over time) to one another over a span of several years. In addition, relatively little research addresses the role of fathers’ parenting in the development of children's symptoms and, conversely, how children may elicit certain types of parenting from fathers. In this study, data were collected from 491 families on mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles (authoritarianism, authoritativeness, permissiveness, and overprotectiveness) and children's symptoms of psychopathology (attention deficit, oppositional defiant, depression, and anxiety) when children were age 3, 6, and 9 years old. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that parents and children affected one another in a bidirectional and transactional fashion over the course of the six years studied. Results suggest that children's symptoms may compound over time partially because they reduce exposure to adaptive and increase exposure to maladaptive parenting styles. Likewise, maladaptive parenting may persist over time due to the persistence of children's symptoms.

scholarly journals The Role of Expertise Judgments in Children's Social Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Baugh;Baugh ◽  
Rebekah Richert
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Character Theory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
Over Time

Previous research has examined how children judge sources of information (Corriveau & Harris, 2009; Corriveau, Pickard, & Harris, 2010; Koenig & Harris, 2005), but no studies have attempted to increase or decrease a children’s trust in informants, measure learning from that informant, and analyze how that learning persists over time. The current study examined if children’s trust in informants can be manipulated, and how this trust relates to learning STEM concepts from a video of the character in question. Fifty-seven 3- to 6-year-olds were visited in their preschool classrooms at 3 different time points. Children watched a video of Sid from Sid the Science Kid solving a problem. After the video, children were tasked with solving an analogically-similar problem. Children were tested for verbal reasoning, concept formation, visual matching, executive function, character realism, identification with the character, theory of mind, and character trust (belief in Sid’s expertise in problem-solving). Presenting Sid to the participants as either clever or clumsy did not affect character trust or learning. Children’s belief in Sid’s expertise also did not affect learning; however, levels of learning remained stable over time. Identification with Sid may play a role in how children viewed Sid and learned from him.

scholarly journals Dynamics of gene expression and chromatin marking during cell state transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Borsari ◽  
Amaya Abad ◽  
Cecilia C. Klein ◽  
Ramil Nurtdinov ◽  
Alexandre Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Over Time

SummaryWe have monitored the transcriptomic and epigenomic status of cells at twelve time-points during the transdifferentiation of human pre-B cells into macrophages. Using this data, we have investigated some fundamental questions regarding the role of chromatin in gene expression. We have found that, over time, genes are characterized by a limited number of chromatin states (combinations of histone modifications), and that, consistently, chromatin changes over genes tend to occur in a coordinated manner. We have observed strong association between these changes and gene expression only at the time of initial gene activation. Activation is preceded by H3K4me1 and H3K4me2, and followed in a precise order by most other histone modifications. Further changes in gene expression, comparable or even stronger than those at initial activation, occur without associated changes in histone modifications. The data generated here constitutes, thus, a unique resource to investigate transcriptomic and epigenomic dynamics during a differentiation process.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Subjective Age and Worry for Older Adults in Times of a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Author(s):  
Anna Kornadt ◽  
Isabelle Albert ◽  
Elke Murdock ◽  
Martine Hoffmann ◽  
Josepha Nell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Given the role of age as a risk factor in the covid pandemic, we examined the longitudinal cross-lagged relationship between subjective age and Covid-related worry, and possible moderators of this relationship. Data were obtained at two-time points (June and October 2020) by a phone/online survey, from N = 611 older participants (Mage = 69.92 years). Participants felt on average 10 and 8.5 years younger than their chronological ages at the two-time points, respectively. Younger subjective age at T1 increased the level of worry at T2 irrespective of age, perceived control and subjective health. Higher worry increased subjective age at T2, but only for those with worse subjective health. Our results show that subjective age and Covid-related worry interact over time. This relation needs to be explored further in order to understand the relationship between subjective age and well-being especially, but not only in the pandemic context.

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