scholarly journals Control of Insect Pests in The First Alfalfa Crop, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
R. Berberet ◽  
A. Zarrabi ◽  
A. Bisges
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Seven chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of AW larvae and aphids in the first crop of a second year stand of ‘Cimarron VR’ alfalfa on the Agronomy Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 3.1 AW larvae and 20.5 aphids per stem. Insecticides were applied on 1 Apr using flooding nozzles (Spraying Systems Co., TK SS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi when traveling 3 mph. A RCB design was used with 5 X 10 m plots replicated 4 times. Sampling was conducted at 3, 6, 13, and 18 DAT by pulling 25 stems per plot and placing them in standard Berlese funnels to extract insects for counting. Subsamples of aphids were identified on each date to determine the proportions of species present. Dry matter yields were estimated from samples of forage taken from a 1 X 5 m area in each plot. Subsamples were dried for determination of moisture content and yields were calculated on a dry weight/acre basis.

Digestibility and chemical composition of fractions of lucerne during spring and summer

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Christian ◽  
D. B. Jones ◽  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Leaf Composition

SUMMARYBulk harvests of primary growth were made at intervals during the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years from an ungrazed area of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and the digestibility by sheep was measured. At the same times, shoots of known length representative of the sward were collected, divided into 7·5 cm lengths, and separated into leaf and stem for the determination of ash, nitrogen, cellulose, and in vitro organic matter digestibility.Digestibility and leaf: stem ratio of the bulk harvests decreased and dry matter increased as the season advanced. Leaf composition changed little, but stem increased in lignin and decreased in ash and in vitro digestibility. In vitro digestibility and leaf: stem ratio were highly correlated with sheep digestibility.Chemical composition of shoots of known heights was similar to that of the bulk harvests. Leaf weights/shoot tended to increase linearly with height of shoot, whereas stem increased nearly as the square of the height. Dry matter of leaf and stem were inversely related to leaf:stem ratio. Stem digestibility decreased with leaf:stem ratio and with increase in shoot height.Chemical components of shoot fractions were associated with each other and were largely dependent on the distance from the top of the shoot at which they had been taken, irrespective of shoot height or time of year. Bottom stems had lower ash, nitrogen and digestibility but higher cellulose, dry weight and dry matter than top stems, whose composition approached that of leaves. Leaf fractions showed little consistent trend with position on the shoot.Some of the difficulties in studying changes in plant composition under field conditions are discussed.

The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

1945 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Snow ◽  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Continuous Absorption ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Absorption Apparatus

1. Experiments were made on the respiration of bran at different moisture levels using a continuous absorption apparatus in which the humidity of the air-stream was adjusted to be at equilibrium with the respiring bran. The rate of respiration was accelerated with increasing moisture content and was very rapid deterioration due to the high respiration rate and microbiological damage.2. Experiments were made on the storage of bran at known moisture contents in closed tins in the laboratory and also in sacks kept under farm conditions. The total nitrogen content of the bran stored in the tins appeared to increase during storage. From similar increases in total phosphorus, it is clear that the increase in total nitrogen was caused by a loss of dry matter from the stored feeding stuff, a fact which was further demonstrated by the loss in dry weight of the sacks of bran with attributed to two causes: (1) the respiration of the plant cells still active in the bran itself, and (2) the respiration of developing micro-organisms. It is evident from these experiments that fresh bran, free from insect infestation and stored at a moisture content of less than 13%, will have a very low respiration rate and will, therefore, not be liable to heating. Bran of 15–19% moisture content respires at a much faster rate and the time for which such material can be stored with freedom from heating or other types of deterioration will be limited.

The effect of autotetraploidy in five varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.).

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Hutton ◽  
JW Peak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Induced autotetraploidy in the Dwalganup variety of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) resulted in total dry weight increases of 60 and 65.5 per cent. at flowering and maturity respectively. In the other four varieties the tetraploids had decreased yields of dry matter compared with the diploids, although the decreases for leaf weights at flowering were nonsignificant in Mount Barker and Tallarook, as was the total dry weight reduction in Tallarook at maturity. There were no significant differences between the diploids and tetraploids in percentage moisture content. When early development was stimulated by growth in a glass-house, the tetraploids of all varieties showed a significant increase in yield of green matter. The level of increased growth was maintained only in Dwalganup, and decreased in other varieties during flowering. An analysis was made of the way in which the different plant parts mere changed by tetraploidy. Where decreased growth occurred, the leaves and stems were coarser. In all varieties a reduced seed-setting followed autotetraploidy, although in Dwalganup the yield of seed per plant was not affected.

scholarly journals The digestion of fibre by pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Stanogias ◽  
G. R. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The aim of the study was to determine the relative effects of feeding growing pigs with graded amounts of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from various sources on the empty wet weight of segments of the pig gastrointestinal tract, on the weight and moisture content of their digesta, and on the pattern of digesta movement in them.2. Increased NDF intakes were associated with significantly higher wet weights of all gastrointestinal segments and increased lengths of the caecum. The lengths of both the small and the large intestines were unaffected by the ingestion by the pigs of different amounts of NDF from various sources. However, the caecum responded to these increased intakes of NDF by significant increases in length. The source of NDF in the diet was a factor that markedly influenced both the length and the weight of the distal colon. The nature of these increases in weight and length morphologically and their biological significance have not been determined.3. Despite some significant differences, neither the type nor the level of dietary NDF had any appreciable effect on the dry weight and on the proportion of dry matter (DM) of the contents in the stomach. As the level of NDF intake was increased, more undigested dietary material was found in all segments of the digestive tract of the pigs. The proportion of DM in the residues decreased progressively from the caecal contents to the contents of the distal colon. In most cases the degree to which the level of NDF intake affected the weight of the contents and the proportion of DM in them was highly dependent on the source of NDF in the diet.4. The distribution of the feed consumed in the morning and in the evening, as measured with stained feed particles and polyethylene beads, was extremely variable. It is concluded that prolonged intakes by pigs of diets containing high levels of fibre may lead to a hypertrophy and hence increased weight of segments of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Determination Of Proximate Composition And Crude Yeild Of Shrimp Shells(Peneaus Semisulcatus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutharshiny Sathyaruban ◽  
Shivatharsiny Yohi ◽  
Sivashanthini Kuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Tiger Prawn

The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of green tiger prawn and to select the suitable solvent system for carotenoid extraction. Samples (P. semisulcatus) were purchased from the landsites and transported to the laboratory in an ice box. The whole shrimp were peeled manually, and the residues, consisting head, tail and shells are separated. The moisture content, total lipid, protein, and ash content were quantified using standard methods. Weight of extracted crude of shrimp shells and retention factor (Rf) for the shrimp shell powder were determined using different pure and mixed organic solvents. Moisture content of the fresh shrimp shells was found to be 76.40 ± 0.92 %. In the present study, quantification showed that the shrimp shells are significantly rich in ash content (25.52 ± 0.06 % in dry weight). Significantly (p < 0.05) the highest crude yield of 10.24 ± 0.02 % was obtained from shrimp shells, when the dried shrimp shells powder was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1) than the other solvents. The lowest crude yield (2.32 ± 0.01 %) was extracted with ether. The highest Rf was obtained when the shrimp shell crude was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1). It can be recommended from our findings that the dried shrimp shells of Peneaus semisulcatus would be directly utilized for formulations of poultry animal feeds and sea cucumber juvenile feeds due to its high ash content. The mixture of the acetone and ethanol (1:1) would be the better choice for obtaining the highest crude yield from the shrimp shells.

scholarly journals Determination of the moisture content of white and yellow corn from ohaji in imo state of nigeria using the dry-weight technique

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offurum Julius Chigozie ◽  
C.M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Constant Temperature

The water content determination of two maize species (Yellow corn- and White corn- ) located at Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria were  considered in this study. This was motivated by the regular reported cases of the seed post-harvest spoilages, especially in the local communities. And the moisture content of a particular seed could vary according to the various location of crop, presumably due to the soil texture. The moisture content of a given crop seed can influence its storage value, as well as its choice of selection during manufacturing processes. It was, thus, necessary to determine the moisture content of the two maize species (white and yellow corn) from Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria, in order to identify their dispositions, especially during storage. Modified High Constant Temperature Oven method, as prescribed by the International Seed Testing Association (which involves preliminary pre-drying and grinding), was employed, at a temperature of 102oC. This involved the use of dry-weight technique, which is expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the seeds. The procedure for each sampling was replicated accordingly, and the mean value identified as the actual result. The moisture content for Sample A (white corn) was found to be 31.7%, while that of Sample B (yellow corn) was found to be 21.5%, which shows that the yellow corn would always have longer storage value than the white corn. As any change in the seed moisture content has a way of affecting its storage life, it is advisable not to store the white corn longer than it could be applied in the yellow corn for a better storage value.Keywords: Determination, Moisture Content, White Corn, Yellow Corn, Dry-weight Basis

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK GROWER DAN DEFOLIASI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BIJI DAN PRODUKSITANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Prihatin Ponco Pamungkas ◽  
Maizar Maizar ◽  
Sulhaswardi Sulhaswardi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Main Effect

The study aimed to determine the effect of giving NPK Grower fertilizer and defoliation to seed development and corn crop production. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors. The first factor is NPK Grower (N) fertilizer with a dose of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5g / plant while the second factor is Defoliation (D) with some 0, 2, 4, all leaves under the cob. The parameters observed were changes in seed dry weight (g), changes in seed moisture content (%), speed of accumulation of dry matter (mg / seeds / day), effective filling time (days), harvest age (days), and dry shelled weight ( g). The last observation data were analyzed statistically and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the level of 5%. The results showed that interactively giving NPK Grower and Defoliation fertilizer had a significant effect on changes in seed dry weight, changes in seed moisture content, speed of dry matter accumulation, harvest age and dry shell weight. The best treatment is in the combination of 22.5g / plant NPK Grower fertilizer treatment and Defoliation of all leaves under the cob (N3D3). The main effect of NPK Grower fertilizer has a significant effect on all parameters. The best treatment for NPK Grower fertilizer is 22.5g / plant (N3). The main effect of Defoliation has a significant effect on all parameters. Best treatment Defoliate all leaves under the cob (D3).

DETERMINATION OF STOMATAL NUMBERS, STOMATAL LENGTHS, AND DRY WEIGHT INCREMENTS OF DETACHED BROMEGRASS LEAVES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Impression Technique ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Stomatal Number

A field technique based on dry-matter accumulation in detached leaves was tested with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) for use as an indicator of differences in net photosynthetic rates. It was suggested that the technique could not be used in a breeding program.A second study of differences in stomatal number and length suggested that interplant differences could be detected with some degree of repeatability by using a silicon impression technique.

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