Differences in phosphatidylcholine profiles and identification of characteristic phosphatidylcholine molecules in meat animal species and meat cut locations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yamamoto ◽  
Shigeki Kato ◽  
Nanami Senoo ◽  
Noriyuki Miyoshi ◽  
Akihito Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Meat Animal

Abstract Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an essential component of the plasma membrane. Its profile varies with species and tissues. However, the PC profiles in meat have not been explored in depth. This study aimed to investigate the differences in PC profiles between various meat animal species and meat cut sites, along with the identification of characteristic PC molecules. The results demonstrated that the PC profiles of chicken meat differed from those of other species. Significant differences were also observed between the PC profiles of pork meat and the meat obtained from other species. The amount of PCs containing ether bonds was high in pork meat. PCs containing an odd number of carbon atoms was characteristic of beef and lamb meats. Furthermore, PC profiles differed based on the muscle location in chicken and pork. These results suggest that the PC profiles of skeletal muscles are indicators of animal species and muscle location.

Exercise increases the plasma membrane content of the Na+ -K+ pump and its mRNA in rat skeletal muscles

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tsakiridis ◽  
P. P. Wong ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
C. D. Rodgers ◽  
M. Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
White Type

Muscle fibers adapt to ionic challenges of exercise by increasing the plasma membrane Na+-K+ pump activity. Chronic exercise training has been shown to increase the total amount of Na+-K+ pumps present in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism of adaptation of the Na+-K+ pump to an acute bout of exercise has not been determined, and it is not known whether it involves alterations in the content of plasma membrane pump subunits. Here we examine the effect of 1 h of treadmill running (20 m/min, 10% grade) on the subcellular distribution and expression of Na+-K+ pump subunits in rat skeletal muscles. Red type I and IIa (red-I/IIa) and white type IIa and IIb (white-IIa/IIb) hindlimb muscles from resting and exercised female Sprague-Dawley rats were removed for subcellular fractionation. By homogenization and gradient centrifugation, crude membranes and purified plasma membranes were isolated and subjected to gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting by using pump subunit-specific antibodies. Furthermore, mRNA was isolated from specific red type I (red-I) and white type IIb (white-IIb) muscles and subjected to Northern blotting by using subunit-specific probes. In both red-I/IIa and white-IIa/IIb muscles, exercise significantly raised the plasma membrane content of the alpha1-subunit of the pump by 64 +/- 24 and 55 +/- 22%, respectively (P < 0.05), and elevated the alpha2-polypeptide by 43 +/- 22 and 94 +/- 39%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant effect of exercise could be detected on the amount of these subunits in an internal membrane fraction or in total membranes. In addition, exercise significantly increased the alpha1-subunit mRNA in red-I muscle (by 50 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) and the beta2-subunit mRNA in white-IIb muscles (by 64 +/- 19%; P < 0.01), but the alpha2- and beta1-mRNA levels were unaffected in this time period. We conclude that increased presence of alpha1- and alpha2-polypeptides at the plasma membrane and subsequent elevation of the alpha1- and beta2-subunit mRNAs may be mechanisms by which acute exercise regulates the Na+-K+ pump of skeletal muscle.

The non-human glycan, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), is not expressed in all organs and skeletal muscles of nine animal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 128439
Author(s):  
Marefa Jahan ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Peter C. Wynn ◽  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Animal Species

Immunodiffusion Technique for the Identification of Animal Species

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Guy Fugate ◽  
Shelton R Penn
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Immunodiffusion Test ◽  
Meat Animal ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Abstract An agar-gel immunodiffusion technique was developed for the identification of meat animal species. A pattern of wells and troughs was cut from agar plates. The wells and troughs contained antigens and antisera, respectively. The diffusion of the antigens and antisera through the agar results in the formation of precipitin lines when optimum antigen-antibody conditions exist. The interpretation of the reactions depends upon the position of the formed precipitin lines in relation to each other. Eleven of 12 mixed tissue samples submitted to the authors’ laboratory for species determination were identified correctly by the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. The test is a relatively rapid and simple method of confirming the results of the tube precipitin ring test for animal species identification.

scholarly journals A family outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 haemorrhagic colitis caused by pork meat salami

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CONEDERA ◽  
E. MATTIAZZI ◽  
F. RUSSO ◽  
E. CHIESA ◽  
I. SCORZATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Family Outbreak

A family outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection was microbiologically associated with consumption of dry-fermented salami made with pork meat only and produced in a local plant. E. coli O157 strains isolated from a wife and husband, both hospitalized with bloody diarrhoea, and from the salami carried vt1, vt2 and eae genes and shared the same PFGE pattern. The food vehicle implicated in this outbreak is unusual because of both the animal species from which it originates and the fermentation and drying steps of the manufacturing process. This could be the first report of an outbreak associated with a product containing pork meat only. Even though sources of contamination other than pork meat could not be excluded, pork products should not be neglected in E. coli O157 outbreak investigations.

scholarly journals Basal lamina directs acetylcholinesterase accumulation at synaptic sites in regenerating muscle.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Anglister ◽  
U J McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Synaptic Cleft

In skeletal muscles that have been damaged in ways which spare the basal lamina sheaths of the muscle fibers, new myofibers develop within the sheaths and neuromuscular junctions form at the original synaptic sites on them. At the regenerated neuromuscular junctions, as at the original ones, the muscle fibers are characterized by junctional folds and accumulations of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The formation of junctional folds and the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors is known to be directed by components of the synaptic portion of the myofiber basal lamina. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the synaptic basal lamina contains molecules that direct the accumulation of AChE. We crushed frog muscles in a way that caused disintegration and phagocytosis of all cells at the neuromuscular junction, and at the same time, we irreversibly blocked AChE activity. New muscle fibers were allowed to regenerate within the basal lamina sheaths of the original muscle fibers but reinnervation of the muscles was deliberately prevented. We then stained for AChE activity and searched the surface of the new muscle fibers for deposits of enzyme they had produced. Despite the absence of innervation, AChE preferentially accumulated at points where the plasma membrane of the new muscle fibers was apposed to the regions of the basal lamina that had occupied the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junctions. We therefore conclude that molecules stably attached to the synaptic portion of myofiber basal lamina direct the accumulation of AChE at the original synaptic sites in regenerating muscle. Additional studies revealed that the AChE was solubilized by collagenase and that it remained adherent to basal lamina sheaths after degeneration of the new myofibers, indicating that it had become incorporated into the basal lamina, as at normal neuromuscular junctions.

Diversification of animal species in the hills and uplands

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Meat Animal ◽  
Levels Of Support

AbstractThe options for diversification in the hills and uplands of the United Kingdom are constrained by environmental and nutritional factors to the production of meat, animal fibre or both meat and fibre from deer, sheep, goats and camelids. To be successful, novel animal systems must also produce a commodity for which there is a strong demand and be wholly acceptable as regards both animal welfare and environmental impact. Immediate economic viability is not a prerequisite as levels of support to traditional and alternative enterprises can be changed at any time. Red deer farming and fibre production from fine-wool sheep, Angora and cashmere goats, and guanacos are all considered to be technically possible on hill or upland resources. Fine wool and cashmere have the greatest potential for diversification as they are dual-product enterprises with a balance between meat and fibre which accords with predicted market demands. The realization of the potential of these enterprises will require financial support equivalent to that given to the traditional forms of production if they are to be competitive and constitute realistic opportunities for diversification.

scholarly journals The influence of basal lamina on the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors at synaptic sites in regenerating muscle.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1453-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
U J McMahan ◽  
C R Slater
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Membrane Infoldings

If skeletal muscles are damaged in ways that spare the basal lamina sheaths of the muscle fibers, new myofibers develop within the sheaths and neuromuscular junctions form at the original synaptic sites on them. At the regenerated neuromuscular junctions, as at the original ones, the muscle fiber plasma membrane is characterized by infoldings and a high concentration of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the synaptic portion of the myofiber basal lamina sheath plays a direct role in the formation of the subsynaptic apparatus on regenerating myofibers, a question raised by the results of earlier experiments. The junctional region of the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle was crushed or frozen, which resulted in disintegration and phagocytosis of all cells at the synapse but left intact much of the myofiber basal lamina. Reinnervation was prevented. When new myofibers developed within the basal lamina sheaths, patches of AChRs and infoldings formed preferentially at sites where the myofiber membrane was apposed to the synaptic region of the sheaths. Processes from unidentified cells gradually came to lie on the presynaptic side of the basal lamina at a small fraction of the synaptic sites, but there was no discernible correlation between their presence and the effectiveness of synaptic sites in accumulating AChRs. We therefore conclude that molecules stably attached to the myofiber basal lamina at synaptic sites direct the formation of subsynaptic apparatus in regenerating myofibers. An analysis of the distribution of AChR clusters at synaptic sites indicated that they formed as a result of myofiber-basal lamina interactions that occurred at numerous places along the synaptic basal lamina, that their presence was not dependent on the formation of plasma membrane infoldings, and that the concentration of receptors within clusters could be as great as the AChR concentration at normal neuromuscular junctions.

scholarly journals A new family of cell surface located purine transporters in Microsporidia and related fungal endoparasites

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Major ◽  
Kacper M Sendra ◽  
Paul Dean ◽  
Tom A Williams ◽  
Andrew K Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
New Family ◽  
Intracellular Parasites

Plasma membrane-located transport proteins are key adaptations for obligate intracellular Microsporidia parasites, because they can use them to steal host metabolites the parasites need to grow and replicate. However, despite their importance, the functions and substrate specificities of most Microsporidia transporters are unknown. Here, we provide functional data for a family of transporters conserved in all microsporidian genomes and also in the genomes of related endoparasites. The universal retention among otherwise highly reduced genomes indicates an important role for these transporters for intracellular parasites. Using Trachipleistophora hominis, a Microsporidia isolated from an HIV/AIDS patient, as our experimental model, we show that the proteins are ATP and GTP transporters located on the surface of parasites during their intracellular growth and replication. Our work identifies a new route for the acquisition of essential energy and nucleotides for a major group of intracellular parasites that infect most animal species including humans.

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