scholarly journals Biological market effects predict cleaner fish strategic sophistication

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegni Triki ◽  
Sharon Wismer ◽  
Olivia Rey ◽  
Sandra Ann Binning ◽  
Elena Levorato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partner Choice ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Biological Market

Abstract Market-like situations emerge in nature when trading partners exchange goods and services. However, how partner choice option contributes to the expression of social strategic sophistication (i.e., the ability to adjust behavior flexibly given the specifics of a situation) is still poorly understood. A suitable study system to explore this question is the “cleaner” fish Labroides dimidiatus. Cleaners trade parasite removal in exchange for food with a variety of “client” species. Previous research documented strong interindividual variation in two features of their strategic sophistication, namely, the ability to adjust service quality to the presence of an audience and to give priority to clients with access to alternative cleaners (“visitor clients”) over clients lacking such choice options (“resident clients”). Here, we sampled various demes (i.e., group of individuals) of the same population of cleaner fish in order to investigate the extent to which factors describing fish densities and cleaning interaction patterns predict the strategic sophistication in two laboratory experiments. These experiments tested whether cleaners could increase their food intake through reputation management and/or learning to provide service priority to a visitor-like ephemeral food plate. We found that high “outbidding competition,” characterized by high densities of cleaners and visitor clients, along with visitor’s behavior promoting such competition, consistently predicted high strategic sophistication in cleaners. A better understanding of the role of learning versus potential genetic factors, interacting with local market conditions to affect strategic sophistication, is needed to clarify how natural selection has promoted the evolution and maintenance of cooperation in this cleaning mutualism.

Business-to-Business Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Sean Eom
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Business To Business

Business-to-business networks in a broadest sense are inter-organizational systems (IOSs). In the literature, the term IOSs and inter-organizational information systems (IOISs) are often used interchangeably. An inter-organizational system (IOS) is an information and management system that transcends organizational boundaries via electronic linkages with its trading partners to share data, information, and business applications. It provides the capabilities of electronic transactions including buying and selling goods and services, and also facilitates communications and decision making to increase efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness, and profitability for participating organizations. The electronic linkage is established by the Internet, extranets, intranets, groupware, electronic data interchange (EDI), workflow systems, mobile communication technologies, and other information and communication technologies.

scholarly journals QADE: A NOVEL TRUST AND REPUTATION MODEL FOR HANDLING FALSE TRUST VALUES IN E–COMMERCE ENVIRONMENTS WITH SUBJECTIVITY CONSIDERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva ZUPANCIC ◽  
Denis TRCEK
Keyword(s):  
Trust Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Pairwise Similarity ◽  
Trust And Reputation ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Reputation Model

Trust is essential to economic efficiency. Trading partners choose each other and make decisions based on how much they trust one another. The way to assess trust in e-commerce is different from those in brick and mortar businesses, as there are limited indicators available in online environments. One way is to deploy trust and reputation management systems that are based on collecting feedbacks about partners’ transactions. One of the problems within such systems is the presence of unfair ratings. In this paper, an innovative QADE trust model is presented, which assumes the existence of unfairly reported trust assessments. Subjective nature of trust is considered, where differently reported trust values do not necessarily mean false trust values but can also imply differences in dispositions to trust. The method to identify and filter out the presumably false values is defined. In our method, a trust evaluator finds other agents in society that are similar to him, taking into account pairwise similarity of trust values and similarity of agents’ general mindsets. In order to reduce the effect of unfair ratings, the values reported by the non-similar agents are excluded from the trust computation. Simulations have been used to compare the effectiveness of algorithms to decrease the effect of unfair ratings. The simulations have been carried out in environments with varying number of attackers and targeted agents, as well as with different kinds of attackers. The results showed significant improvements of our proposed method. On average 6% to 13% more unfair trust ratings have been detected by our method. Unfair rating effects on trust assessment were reduced with average improvements from 26% to 57% compared to the other most effective filtering methods by Whitby and Teacy.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM CHALLENGES OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA IN THE PANDEMIC COVID 19 CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Lopotenco
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Financial System ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Financing

This study's main objective is to analyze the challenges faced by the Republic of Moldova in the economic crisis, which was caused by the COVID 19 pandemic. The vulnerabilities of the Republic of Moldova's economy and especially its financial system are related mainly to the specifics of the country's economy, which is small, open, with a continuing current account deficit and a strong subordination to international financial flows.This study's conclusions consist in the fact that the external risks related to the COVID19 pandemic can be transmitted in the economy of our country through two channels. First, due to uncertain financial conditions in the international economy, difficulties with international financing may arise. Secondly, the vulnerabilities in the economies of the Republic of Moldova's trading partners will undoubtedly influence the slowdown in exports of goods and services

scholarly journals Export Diversification of Nepal: Policy Context and Impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (ii) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar K C
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Volume Of Trade

The study aims at examining the extent of diversification attained in trade relationship of Nepal, identify factors responsible for the situation and come out at suggestive package to foster more sustainable and contributing trade relationship to maximize the benefits for the country. studies have revealed that insufficient export diversification has virtually dragged the economy in total disarray due to defect in government policies. The developed world relies heavily on the exchange of goods and services for the faster and sustainable economic progress. The secondary analysis showed that the volume of trade has been continuously increasing with economic liberalization in the aftermath of 1990. However, the volume of exports has remained too meager to sustain Nepal’s imports. Therefore, the volume of trade deficit is ever widening. Reforms to expedite exports that began in the late seventies have failed to yield a positive outcome in the national economy. The liberalization of eighties, nineties and membership of World Trade Organization (WTO) have failed to ensure a sustained diversified trading structure both in terms of products and services and trading partners. Growing dependency on India has been one of the major challenges in the economy. Keywords: Trade, Diversification, Comparative advantage, Competitive advantage, Exports.

scholarly journals Configural learning by cleaner fish in a complex biological market task

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
N. Truskanov ◽  
Y. Emery ◽  
S. Porta ◽  
R. Bshary
Keyword(s):  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Configural Learning ◽  
Biological Market

scholarly journals TO THE THEORETICAL ISSUE OF DEFINING THE INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
I. V. Kovaleva ◽  
L. A. Semina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Products Analysis ◽  
Business Entities

The problems of economic security of the region in the current economic environment are relevant, as changes in the economic system affect the behavior of economic entities. The economic security of organizations, which represents the level of protection of the enterprise from threats to the external environment, is an important condition for the effective activities of business entities. Therefore, ensuring economic security involves conducting economic rapid diagnostics of the enterprise, researching factors that influence the efficiency of the organization. At the same time, an important element of the strategic nature is the level of localization of resources, territorial-production factor, and level of investment activity. Modern Russian and Western economists see localization as a strategy to enter international markets by placing production of goods and services. As a rule, the decisive factors are labor, natural resources, investment climate, and consumer demand for products. Analysis of different approaches to local market definition has shown that the authors use separate approaches and methods in market research, taking into account some factors and not taking into account others. As a result, it seems necessary to study the local market in terms of the totality of market and production, distribution and consumption, which will allow perceiving it as economic local mechanism. Keywords: local, territory, factor, organization, development.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Pakistan Exports of Textile: An Integrated Demand and Supply Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Latif ◽  
Attiya Yasmin Javid
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trading Partners

The determinants of demand and supply of textile and clothing exports of Pakistan are examined for seven major trading partners (US, UK, Canada, Italy, France, Japan and Spain) over the period 1972 to 2013. The simultaneous equation model is estimated by Generalised Method of Moment to handle simultaneous equation bias and for consistent and more precise estimates classical Empirical Bayes technique is applied. The results reveal that income of trading partners and devaluation policy has important and significant role in explaining exports performance of textile and clothing of Pakistan. As regards the supply side, the relative prices and capacity variable are important in determining the textile and clothing exports, however, the real wages have significant but small effect on textile and clothing exports supply. The removal of quantitative restrictions fails to provide incentives to the suppliers. The high income elasticity for the demand suggests that focus should be on raising the factors which can help in expansion of textile and clothing products in local market and marked countries. Keywords: Textile and Clothing Exports of Pakistan, Simultaneous Equations, Real Effective Exchange Rate, Agreement on Textile and Clothing

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