scholarly journals Trading Animal Lives: Ten Tricky Issues on the Road to Protecting Commodified Wild Animals

BioScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Macdonald ◽  
Lauren A Harrington ◽  
Tom P Moorhouse ◽  
Neil D'Cruze
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Wildlife commodification can generate benefits for biodiversity conservation, but it also has negative impacts; overexploitation of wildlife is currently one of the biggest drivers of vertebrate extinction risk. In the present article, we highlight 10 issues that in our experience impede sustainable and humane wildlife trade. Given humanity's increasing demands on the natural world we question whether many aspects of wildlife trade can be compatible with appropriate standards for biodiversity conservation and animal welfare, and suggest that too many elements of wildlife trade as it currently stands are not sustainable for wildlife or for the livelihoods that it supports. We suggest that the onus should be on traders to demonstrate that wildlife use is sustainable, humane, and safe (with respect to disease and invasion risk), rather than on conservationists to demonstrate it is not, that there is a need for a broad acceptance of responsibility and, ultimately, widespread behavior change. We urge conservationists, practitioners, and others to take bold, progressive steps to reach consensus and action.

scholarly journals Animal sales from Wuhan wet markets immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Chris Newman ◽  
Christina D. Buesching ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Zhao-Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Poor Welfare

AbstractHere we document 47,381 individuals from 38 species, including 31 protected species sold between May 2017 and November 2019 in Wuhan’s markets. We note that no pangolins (or bats) were traded, supporting reformed opinion that pangolins were not likely the spillover host at the source of the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While we caution against the misattribution of COVID-19’s origins, the wild animals on sale in Wuhan suffered poor welfare and hygiene conditions and we detail a range of other zoonotic infections they can potentially vector. Nevertheless, in a precautionary response to COVID-19, China’s Ministries temporarily banned all wildlife trade on 26th Jan 2020 until the COVID-19 pandemic concludes, and permanently banned eating and trading terrestrial wild (non-livestock) animals for food on 24th Feb 2020. These interventions, intended to protect human health, redress previous trading and enforcement inconsistencies, and will have collateral benefits for global biodiversity conservation and animal welfare.

scholarly journals On the Road to Sustainable Urban and Transport Development in the Automobile Society? Traced Narratives of Car-Reduced Neighborhoods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Selzer ◽  
Martin Lanzendorf
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City

Worldwide, academics and practitioners are developing ‘planning-oriented’ approaches to reduce the negative impacts of car traffic for more sustainable urban and transport development. One such example is the design of car-reduced neighborhoods, although these are controversial issues in the hegemonic ‘system’ of automobility. Despite the reduction of emissions and frequent recognition as ‘best practice examples’, ‘planning-critical’ research questions the underlying objectives and narratives of such sustainable developments. Our study contributes to this research perspective by improving the understanding of narratives that emerge along with car-reduced housing developments. For this purpose, we analyze two car-reduced neighborhoods in the City of Darmstadt (Germany) by conducting interviews with different actors involved in the planning and implementation processes. Our investigation reveals that the development of car-reduced neighborhoods (i) is consciously embedded in the context of sustainability, (ii) is characterized by power relations, (iii) follows normative indicators, and (iv) does not always correspond to lived realities. Altogether, the traced narratives of car-reduced neighborhoods are embedded in the overarching debate on sustainability, while at the same time revealing the dependence of society on the automobile. Thus, the hegemonic ‘system’ of automobility—although it is beginning to crack—continues to exist.

scholarly journals Public Evaluation of Speed Humps Performance and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Shwaly ◽  
Amal AL-Ayaat ◽  
Mohamed Hamed Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Speed Humps

In Egypt, it is believed that speed humps are the cheapest and best solutions to reduce vehicles speed and thus reduce the number of potential accidents. Due to the lack of specifications in Egypt that govern the installation of speed humps, they were spread randomly and with different dimensions without adequate studies. Consequently, this practice can cause adverse effects on the road users and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to discuss the different effects of using speed humps in Kafr El-Sheikh city as a typical model in the Egyptian cities. To verify that the questionnaire is appropriate for the intended task, it was evaluated by 30 respondents aged 18 years and over. After the trial process, the required corrections were made to the proposed form of the questionnaire. Then, final questionnaires were distributed and 1000 responses were collected from all road users, whether they were pedestrians, drivers, owners of vehicles or vehicle repairmen by using face-to-face interviews. The responses were analysed using SPSS program. The results reflected that the installation of speed humps contributed greatly to reduce vehicles speed, the flow of traffic and accidents rate. On the other hand, the results proved that humps also contribute significantly to the environmental pollution, damage to the pavement and vehicles especially when they are poorly designed and located. The majority of respondents attributed the random spread of the speed humps to the weakness of the authorities in law enforcement and the prevention of the installation of new humps without authorization. Finally, with the widespread use of speed humps and with the exception of the positive impact on traffic safety, it also has negative impacts on both the economy and the environment. Finally, the use of speed humps can cause many harmful effects to the neighbourhood, if there no strict control on its installation process. Unless specifications and some standards should be strictly followed, other means of traffic calming measures should be considered.

scholarly journals How to get the salamander across the road: exploring the policy intersection of biodiversity conservation and road projects in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Wise
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Wildlife Crossing Structures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Connecting landscapes around roads is an important element in a broader strategy to help protect and recover biodiversity. In regions like southern Ontario and the Greater Golden Horseshoe, growing urban footprints are leading to an expansion of road networks. Road planning and design has historically fragmented natural habitat and created barriers for wildlife movement. The negative impacts of roads can be mitigated through the creation of wildlife crossing structures that enable safe passage of wildlife over or under roads. This Major Research Paper will investigate key Ontario land use and regulatory policies that intersect with both road projects and biodiversity recovery to evaluate their effectiveness in recognizing biodiversity values and enabling the creation of wildlife crossing structures. Key words: landscape connectivity, wildlife crossing, safe passage, biodiversity, conservation, policy, planning, Ontario, Greater Golden Horseshoe

scholarly journals How to get the salamander across the road: exploring the policy intersection of biodiversity conservation and road projects in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Wise
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Wildlife Crossing Structures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Connecting landscapes around roads is an important element in a broader strategy to help protect and recover biodiversity. In regions like southern Ontario and the Greater Golden Horseshoe, growing urban footprints are leading to an expansion of road networks. Road planning and design has historically fragmented natural habitat and created barriers for wildlife movement. The negative impacts of roads can be mitigated through the creation of wildlife crossing structures that enable safe passage of wildlife over or under roads. This Major Research Paper will investigate key Ontario land use and regulatory policies that intersect with both road projects and biodiversity recovery to evaluate their effectiveness in recognizing biodiversity values and enabling the creation of wildlife crossing structures. Key words: landscape connectivity, wildlife crossing, safe passage, biodiversity, conservation, policy, planning, Ontario, Greater Golden Horseshoe

Net Impacts of Streetcar Operations on Traffic Congestion in Melbourne, Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Q. Nguyen-Phuoc ◽  
Graham Currie ◽  
Chris De Gruyter ◽  
William Young
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Public transit is widely recognized to reduce urban traffic congestion, as it encourages automobile travelers off the road. However, streetcars have been criticized for causing traffic congestion because large trams must operate in mixed traffic on narrow, congested streets. At the same time, streetcars reduce congestion by encouraging automobile drivers to use trams. So what is the net effect of streetcars on congestion? This paper presents a new method for assessing the net traffic congestion effects associated with streetcar operations in Melbourne, Australia, which has the largest streetcar network in the world. Impacts were determined with the use of a traffic network model to compare congestion with trams and without trams. The positive impacts of trams were estimated by using mode shift from tram to automobile when tram services were removed. Negative impacts were explored by considering streetcar traffic operations, the impact of curbside tram stops, and the effect of exclusive priority tram lanes on traffic flow. Findings show that the streetcar network in inner Melbourne results in a net congestion benefit to traffic; a 3.4% decrease in vehicle time traveled and total delay on the road network was established. The streetcar network also contributes to reducing the number of moderately congested links by 16%. Areas for future research are suggested, such as exploring the spatial distribution of the mode shift to automobile and the long-term effect of trams on traffic.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pola Aktivitas dan Pola Pesebaran Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) di Koridor Jalan Pejanggik, Kecamatan Cakranegara

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ardi Yuniarman ◽  
Baiq Siti Noer Azima ◽  
Sri Apriani Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Road Space ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Abstrak Koridor Jalan Pejanggik merupakan jalan kolektor 3 dengan tingkat kepadatan yang cukup tinggi di Kota Mataram dan merupakan kawasan ekonomi berupa perdagangan dan jasa/komersial. Tingkat kemenarikan kawasan ini secara ekonomi terlihat dengan banyaknya aktifitas ekonomi informal berupa Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL.). kegiatan PKL memberikan dampak positif dan juga negatif terdapak fungsi dan aktifitas kawasan khususnya kawasan ekonomi Cakranegara. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi pola aktivitas dan pola penyebaran PKL. Metode analisis yang digunakan berupa deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan hasil wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa setiap aktivitas pedagang kaki lima dipengaruhi oleh hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan aktivitas formal di koridor jalan tersebut serta aktivitas ini dipengaruhi oleh waktu berdagangnya. Adapun pola penyebarannya cenderung linier mengikuti pola jalan. Saran: Kegiatan PKL perlu diakomodasi sesuai dengan kapasitas dan kemampuan ruang jalan. Abstract:  The Pejanggik Road Corridor is a collector 3 road with a high density in Mataram City and is an economic zone in the form of trade and services/commercial. The level of attractiveness of this region is economically seen by the many informal economic activities in the form of street vendors (PKL.). PKL activities have both positive and negative impacts on the functions and activities of the region, especially the Cakranegara economic area. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the pattern of activity and patterns of distribution of street vendors. The analytical method used in the form of descriptive qualitative based on the results of interviews, observations, literature studies and documentation. The results of the analysis show that every street vendor's activity is influenced by the direct or indirect relationship with formal activities on the road corridor and this activity is affected by the trading time. The distribution pattern tends to be linear, following the road pattern. Suggestion: The activities of street vendors need to be accommodated according to the capacity and ability of the road space.

Wildlife Mortality on the Road by Heavy Vehicular Movements Near Dumna Nature Reserve, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Sanjay Paunikar
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Road Kill ◽  
The Road ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
On The Road

The incidence of wildlife mortalities on the road is widespread phenomenon reported numbers of countries in the world, despites this not much attention gain in our country. To address this issue, investigation on wildlife mortalities species, crushed due to heavy vehicle traffic movements were started to road passing through near Dumna Nature Reserve (DNR), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Central India during 2011-2013. The 58 species of wild animals were recorded road kill mortality during the investigation. Among these 8 (13.79%) species of amphibians, 14 (24.13%) species of reptiles, 16 (27.58%) species of birds and 20 (34.48%) species of mammals were found dead on the road by speedy vehicle near (DNR). Several wild animals come under Wildlife Protection Act. (1972) with different scheduled and IUCN status also included. The 14 (24.13%) species LR-lc, 24 (41.37%) species LC and 18 (31.03%) species LR-nt, come under different IUCN status. It is needed to save our precious wildlife biodiversity from road kill mortality by taking all possible protection measures to heavy traffic movement.

Community Colleges: Vital Partners on the Road to Diversity

ASHA Leader ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly S. Chabon ◽  
Ruth E. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road
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