scholarly journals Phenology of the genetic model Setaria viridis (Poaceae) according to the BBCH-scale of development

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicia E G Junqueira ◽  
Ana C M Bezerra ◽  
Marcus V O Cattem ◽  
Leonardo O Medici ◽  
Márcio Alves-Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Development Data

Abstract Setaria viridis, a genetic model for C4 monocots, has potential to provide information of relevance for plant biotechnology, contributing to an understanding of how genetic engineering can affect phenotype and agricultural production. The BBCH growth scale for the A10.1 accession of S. viridis consists of a detailed phenotypic analysis process, based on defined growth stages. Measurements of morphological attributes complementing the scale were also made, supporting the identification of growth and development stages. Phenotypic stages were grouped into three major stages of development: vegetative (BBCH 0 to 4), reproductive (BBCH 5 to 8) and senescence (BBCH 9). Observation and interpretation of the growth and development data of accessions A10.1 and Ast-1 showed that the former presents phenotypic homogeneity, which makes it suitable for the construction of the BBCH-scale and improves our understanding of the phenology of this model plant. This methodological framework facilitates the comparison of genotypes and phenotypes among natural accessions and future mutants and the study of the evolution of tolerance to abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed mRNA Related to Pigeon Muscle Development

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yueyue Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Genxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Gene Expression And Regulation

The mechanisms behind the gene expression and regulation that modulate the development and growth of pigeon skeletal muscle remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis on skeletal muscle samples at different developmental and growth stages using RNA sequencing (RNA−Seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using edgeR software. Weighted gene co−expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the gene modules related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle based on DEGs. A total of 11,311 DEGs were identified. WGCNA aggregated 11,311 DEGs into 12 modules. Black and brown modules were significantly correlated with the 1st and 10th day of skeletal muscle growth, while turquoise and cyan modules were significantly correlated with the 8th and 13th days of skeletal muscle embryonic development. Four mRNA−mRNA regulatory networks corresponding to the four significant modules were constructed and visualised using Cytoscape software. Twenty candidate mRNAs were identified based on their connectivity degrees in the networks, including Abca8b, TCONS−00004461, VWF, OGDH, TGIF1, DKK3, Gfpt1 and RFC5, etc. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that many pathways were related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, FAK, and thyroid hormone pathways. Five differentially expressed genes (LAST2, MYPN, DKK3, B4GALT6 and OGDH) in the network were selected, and their expression patterns were quantified by qRT−PCR. The results were consistent with our sequencing results. These findings could enhance our understanding of the gene expression and regulation in the development and growth of pigeon muscle.

The growth and development of the leaf in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). I. The plastochron index, a suitable basis for description

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2421-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Coleman ◽  
Richard I. Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Plastochron Index

Growth analysis indicates that the plastochron index (PI) is consistently applicable for describing the morphological status of the vegetative tomato shoot in quantitative terms, and pronounced seasonal variability in the growth habit is minimized. However, the PI is not applicable to tomato shoots after flower buds are produced at the vegetative apex. True leaf no. 3 goes through four growth stages which can be characterized in terms of the leaf plastochron index (LPI3). A basipetal trend in leaf growth and development is evident.

scholarly journals Investigation of pesticide residues in surface water in some areas of agricultural production at Ho Chi Minh city

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Duc Do ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Residual levels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in surface water in some agricultural areas at Ho Chi Minh City were investigated in 2012. Four organophosphorus pesticides including Malathion, Parathion, Ethion and Trithion and seven organochlorine pesticides including Alpha - HCH, beta-HCH, gammaHCH, aldrin, Heptachlor – epoxide, AlphaEndosulfan and Endosulfan-sulfate were determined in the surface water in four dicstricts : Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi and Binh Tan using gas chromatographic method with electron capture detector (GCECD). The results showed that residues of pesticide were found with high concentrations in surface water in agricultural areas and pesticide residues changed depending on growth stages of crops. The concentration and distribution of pesticides were different in the water samples at different sites. Residues of pesticides such as Parathion, Ethion and Trithion were detected in surface water although these chemicals had been banned.

The Growth and Development of Five Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations in a Common Garden

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Heneghan ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Seed Yields

Waterhemp is a weed indigenous to the midwestern United States and is problematic in agronomic crop production. This weed is well suited to inhabit minimally tilled environments and is increasing in prevalence across many agricultural production areas and systems. A common garden experiment was established in Indiana in 2014 and 2015 with waterhemp populations from Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska to compare the growth and development of waterhemp from these regions. Three establishment dates (May, June, and July) were used each year to simulate discontinuous germination. Mean biomass accumulations from the May (1,120 g plant−1) and June (1,069 g plant−1) establishment dates were higher than from the July (266 g plant−1) establishment date. There were no differences in biomass accumulations between the five populations in the May and June establishments, but biomass accumulations ranged from 195 to 338 g plant−1in the July establishment. Mean seed yields were higher from the May (926,629 seeds plant−1) and June (828,905 seeds plant−1) establishment dates compared with the July (276,258 seeds plant−1) establishment. In the May and June establishments, seed yields ranged from 469,939 seeds plant−1to 1,285,556 seeds plant−1. The Illinois population flowered the latest of all the populations yet also grew the tallest. The July establishment flowered the most rapidly after establishment, accumulated less biomass, and also had the largest seeds. This study demonstrated differences among waterhemp populations when grown in a common environment and the effect of establishment timing on waterhemp growth and development.

scholarly journals Analysing growth and development of plants jointly using developmental growth stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaëlle Dambreville ◽  
Pierre-Éric Lauri ◽  
Frédéric Normand ◽  
Yann Guédon
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Developmental Growth

Review:Physiological Approaches to the Improvement of Chemical Control of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana B. Bashtanova ◽  
K. Paul Beckett ◽  
Timothy J. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Fallopia Japonica ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Rhizome Buds ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Japanese knotweed is an aggressive alien species in Europe, North America, and Australia, causing a range of environmental problems. Eradication of Japanese knotweed is proving to be a difficult task, because the plant is able to propagate generatively by intra- and interspecific hybridization, and vegetatively from shoot and tiny rhizome pieces. Despite the economic consequences of Japanese knotweed on natural and built environments, its physiology is not yet fully understood; especially important are sink-source relations between old and young parts of the rhizome and growth of lateral and latent rhizome buds. Current methods of chemical control include three types of phloem-mobile herbicides, such as glyphosate, imazapyr, and synthetic auxins. These herbicides have limitations on their use, and all fail to eradicate the plant completely, for the reasons discussed in this review. Our aim is to suggest prospective approaches to enable chemical eradication: use of signals to induce controlled growth and development of quiescent rhizome buds; use of phytohormones, sugars, and light to increase allocation of phloem-mobile herbicides to the rhizome; use of xylem-mobile herbicides to exterminate the old rhizome parts; and use of different phloem-mobile herbicides at different growth stages.

Brassinosteroids roles and applications: an up-date

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamilet Coll ◽  
Francisco Coll ◽  
Asunción Amorós ◽  
Merardo Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractBrassinosteroids are plant steroidal compounds involved in many functions related with plant development, metabolism, signalling and defense against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant architecture, which has a major effect on crop yield, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroids action. Brassinosteroids are recognized as key regulators of plant growth and development involved in a broad spectrum of processes at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. These roles suggest that many of the constraints of present agricultural production might be alleviated by manipulation of genetic determinants dealing with brassinosteroids, as well as by its exogenous application. Brassinosteroids are natural, nontoxic, non-genotoxic, biosafe, and eco-friendly, and can therefore be used in agriculture and horticulture to improve the growth, yields, quality, and tolerance of various plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present paper comprehensively reviews the latest results in the field of brassinosteroids and envisages future impacts in agriculture.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Development Prospects of Agricultural Economics in Kyrgyzstan in Condition of Economic Integration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusup Pirimbaev ◽  
Dzhumabek Dzhailov ◽  
Umet Momunov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The evaluation of the current state of development of agrarian sector of the national economy and its competitiveness. Conceptual foundations of growth and development of the agricultural sector in the context of deepening integration. The recommendations for the strategic development of the sector in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Particular attention is paid to the problems of reformatting the agricultural production structure, improve the regional and zonal specialization of agricultural production and the balanced development of agriculture. The directions of development of cooperation, integration links in a format forming a single food market. The mechanisms to improve the management system of competitive development of the agrarian economy of Kyrgyzstan.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Different Development Stages of Amylostereum areolatum

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Fu ◽  
Jiaxing Li ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Shixiang Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
The Stability

A strict relationship exists between the Sirex noctilio and the Amylostereum areolatum, which is carried and spread by its partner. The growth and development of this symbiotic fungus is key to complete the life history of the Sirex woodwasp. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used to measure gene expression in samples of A. areolatum at different growth stages and explore the key genes and pathways involved in the growth and development of this symbiotic fungus. To obtain accurate RT-qPCR data, target genes need to be normalized by reference genes that are stably expressed under specific experimental conditions. In our study, the stability of 10 candidate reference genes in symbiotic fungal samples at different growth and development stages was evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, delta Ct methods, and RefFinder. Meanwhile, laccase1 was used to validate the stability of the selected reference gene. Under the experimental conditions of this study, p450, CYP, and γ-TUB were identified as suitable reference genes. This work is the first to systematically evaluate the reference genes for RT-qPCR results normalization during the growth of this symbiotic fungus, which lays a foundation for further gene expression experiments and understanding the symbiotic relationship and mechanism between S. noctilio and A. areolatum.

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