scholarly journals Linking Differences in Eating Behavior with Appetitive Hormones in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 594-594
Author(s):  
Debra Kirsty Tacad ◽  
Christine Bowlus ◽  
Leslie Woodhouse ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Nancy Keim
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Time To Peak

Abstract Objectives Examine and compare the hormones related to satiety in women identified as 1) restrained + disinhibited eaters, 2) restrained, non-disinhibited eaters, or 3) unrestrained, non-disinhibited eaters. We hypothesized restrained eaters with disinhibition would have a different pattern of appetitive hormones involved in food intake regulation. Methods 178 women from a cross-sectional study completed the three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ), and were classified as restrained + disinhibited eaters (RD, n = 38), restrained, non-disinhibited eaters (R, n = 52), or unrestrained, non-disinhibited eaters (LL, n = 88). Women fasted for 12 h prior to baseline blood collection, and postprandial blood was collected after a meal challenge at 30 min, 3 h, and 6 h. Data were evaluated for outliers and missingness, and transformed and imputed using multivariate normal imputation. Differences in glucose, insulin and ghrelin were analyzed using a linear mixed model comparing groups. Time to peak and nadir for glucose, insulin and ghrelin were calculated from response curves. Chi square tests of proportions were used to determine whether the distribution of participants in the three groups were different in their times to peak and nadir. Results There were no significant differences between groups in ghrelin or insulin concentrations over time. However, overall glucose levels in RD were significantly lower than R and LL groups (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). Chi-squared tests indicated that a greater proportion of women in the RD group reached peak glucose at 3 h, compared to women in R and LL with peak glucose occurring at 30 min (P = 0.04). Glucose nadir displayed a bimodal distribution in R, with more women at baseline and 3 h compared to RD and LL (P = 0.05). Ghrelin nadir was reached at 3 h for more participants in RD and LL, but occurred later at 6 h in more participants in R (P = 0.04). Conclusions Dietary restraint and disinhibition are associated with circulating glucose and ghrelin concentrations; however, prospective research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship. Funding Sources USDA CRIS 2032-51530-022, 2032-51530-025, and 2032-51530-026-00-D, and a grant from Arla Foods Inc.

scholarly journals The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Vong Pisey ◽  
Pannee Banchonhattakit
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the secondary data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 was conducted using the combination of household data and children’s data. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results: The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal  unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

scholarly journals The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Vong Pisey ◽  
Pannee Banchonhattakit ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Background:Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods:A cross-sectional study of the secondary data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 was conducted using the combined dataset of household data and children’s data. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results:The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion:Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

Association Between Glycaemic Control and the Intake of Thiazide Diuretics, Beta Blockers and Levothyroxine in People Without Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Roth ◽  
Nicole Müller ◽  
Nadine Kuniss ◽  
Gunter Wolf ◽  
Ulrich Alfons Müller
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract Objective The pharmacological additional information for many medications includes warnings stating that the blood sugar control may be worsened by the intake of certain drugs. However a quantification of the effects is missing. This may result in confusion for patients as well as for their physicians. The aim of this study was to assess a potential association between medication (beta blockers, thiazides, levothyroxine) and HbA1c in people without diabetes. Methods In this cross-sectional study we analysed data from 2 921 people (7 699 visits) without diabetes (age 46.6 y; 69.1% women; BMI 27.6±6.4 kg/m²; HbA1c 5.2%) who had at least one HbA1c determination and a complete documentation of their drug intake. An oral glucose tolerance test was not performed. The participants were divided in 8 groups (no regular drug intake, levothyroxine alone, beta blockers alone, thiazides alone, combination 2 of 3, combination of all 3). Patients with known distorting influences of the HbA1c were excluded. Results People with no regular drug intake had an HbA1c of 5.4% [35.8 mmol/mol]. The HbA1c of the group that took all 3 drugs in combination was 5.6% [38.2 mmol/mol]. A multiple linear mixed model showed an increase in HbA1c for thiazides (β=0.0558, p=0.025) and a decrease for combination of levothyroxine and thiazide (β=−0.0765, p=0.010). Conclusion Thiazides and the combination of levothyroxine and thiazides were associated with slight changes in HbA1c. In this study there was no association between the intake of beta blockers and HbA1c. At least for people without diabetes these effects seem to be of minor importance.

scholarly journals Effects of particulate air pollution on tuberculosis development in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016: methodological considerations involving long-term exposure and time lag

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
Sarah Yu ◽  
Hongjo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological evidence of associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and tuberculosis (TB) risk is accumulating. Two previous studies in Korea found associations between air pollution—especially sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)—and TB. In this study, we conducted an annual time-series cross-sectional study to assess the effect of PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) on TB risk in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016, taking into account time lag and long-term cumulative exposure.METHODS: Age-standardized TB notification rates were derived using the Korea National TB Surveillance System. Annual average PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations were obtained from annual Korean air quality reports. We applied a generalized linear mixed model with unconstrained distributed lags of exposure to PM<sub>10</sub>. We adjusted for potential confounders such as age, health behaviors, and area-level characteristics.RESULTS: Both average annual PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations and age-standardized TB notification rates decreased over time. The association between cumulative exposure to PM<sub>10</sub> and TB incidence became stronger as a longer exposure duration was considered. An increase of one standard deviation (5.63 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) in PM<sub>10</sub> exposure for six years was associated with a 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.22) times higher TB notification rate. The marginal association of exposure duration with the TB notification rate was highest at four and five years prior to TB notification. This association remained consistent even after adjusting it for exposure to SO<sub>2</sub>.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to PM<sub>10</sub> may affect TB risk, with a potential lag effect.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and Demographic Determinants of Women’s Household Decision Making Autonomy in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Kanchan Kumar Sen ◽  
Mirajul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Potential Factors

Women’s autonomy is an important element of the economic and reproductive health developments in a country. The aim of this study was to find out the potential factors associated with women’s decision-making autonomy in Bangladesh. To fulfill this purpose, the cross-sectional data obtained from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), 2014 was used. The generalized linear mixed model approach has been applied to calculate the adjusted effects of the covariates by taking into account the correlation among subjects within clusters. The study reveals that women with age at marriage ≥ 18 years, having family size ≤ 4, having at least one child, exposed to media, belonging to NGO, living in urban areas and working outside home have greater influence on autonomy in household decision making. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 115-120, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals Influence of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Vong Pisey ◽  
Pannee Banchonhattakit
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the combination of two datasets from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea. Results: The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal  unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.

Optic nerve head vessel density in different stages of pseudoexfoliation disease

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317605
Author(s):  
Mona Safizadeh ◽  
Amirreza Shaabani ◽  
Alireza Kamalipour ◽  
Masoud Aghsaei Fard ◽  
Kaileen Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Fellow Eyes

PurposeTo evaluate the superficial vascular density of the optic nerve head in different stages of pseudoexfoliation disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 57 normal eyes, 41 eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS), 82 eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and 27 non-glaucomatous fellow eyes of PXG (NL-PXG) that had OCTA were included. Circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL) thickness and circumpapillary capillary density (cpCD) were compared among the groups after adjusting for confounders using linear-mixed model.ResultsPXG eyes had thinner global RNFL and lower cpCD (74.2±14.3 µm and 36.7±10.0%) than control (103.3±8.6 µm and 52.5±2.3%), PXS (96.8±8.8 µm and 51.5±2.3%), and NL-PXG eyes (96.3±11.1 µm and 50.1±3.9%) (p<0.001). After adjustment for age, gender and signal strength index, global cpRNFL thickness was comparable among control, PXS and NL-PXG. NL-PXG had the lowest cpCD (p=0.045) and sectoral cpCD compared to PXS and control eyes. Although cpCD was comparable between control and PXS (p=0.425) eyes, sectoral differences (p=0.009 and 0.004, for inferonasal and temporal-inferior cpCD, respectively) were detectable between the two groups. AUROC for differentiating NL-PXG eyes from normal were better for cpCD (0.78) compared to cpRNLF (0.69).ConclusionsOCTA can detect reduced capillary density before significant changes in cpRNFL in fellow eyes of PXG patients. This can enable earlier detection of glaucomatous loss in pseudoexfoliation disease and enhance management of the disease.

Comparing Graphical Formats for Feedback of Clinical Practice Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Saillour-Glénisson ◽  
Karine Nouette-Gaulain ◽  
Vianney Jouhet ◽  
Louis-Rachid Salmi ◽  
Aurélie Petit-Monéger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Difference

Summary Objectives: Although graphical formats used to feedback clinical practice data may have an important impact, the most effective formats remain unknown. Using prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by anesthesiologists as an application, the objective of this study was to assess which graphical formats for feedback of clinical practice data are the most incentive to change practice. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among anesthesiologists randomized in two groups between March andJune 2014. Each anesthesiologist assessed 15 graphical formats displaying an indicator of either prescription conformity or prescription effectiveness. Graphical formats varied by: type of graph (bar charts, linear sliders, or pictographs), presence or not of a target to reach, presence or not of a contrast between a hypothetical physician and his/her team, direction of the difference between the physician and his/her team, and restitution or not of the quality indicator evolution over the previous six months. The primary outcome was a numerical scale score expressing the anesthesiologists’ motivation to change his/her practice (ranging from 1 to 10 points). A linear mixed model was fitted to explain variation in motivation. Results: Sixty-six anesthesiologists assessed the conformity indicator and 67 assessed the effectiveness indicator. Factors associated with an increased motivation to change practice were: (i) presence of a clearly defined target to reach (conformity: β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0046; effectiveness: β = 1.11 points, p < 0.0001); (ii) contrast between the physician and his/her team (conformity: β = 0.38 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness: β = 0.33 points, p = 0.0021); (iii) better results for the team than for the physician (conformity: β = 0.65 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness β = 1.16 points, p < 0.0001). For the effectiveness indicator, anesthesiologists were more motivated to change practice with bar charts (β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0447) and pictographs (β = 0.45 points, p = 0.0001) than with linear sliders. Conclusions: Graphs associated with a defined target to reach should be preferred to deliver feedback, especially bar graphs or pictographs for indicators which are more complex to represent such as effectiveness indicators. Anesthesiologists are also more motivated to change practice when graphs report contrasted data between the physician and his/her team and a lower conformity or effectiveness for the physician than for his/her team.

scholarly journals SLEEP DURATION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nur Aisiyah Widjaja ◽  
Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas ◽  
Roedi Irawan ◽  
Meta Herdiana Hanindita
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Glucose Levels

Shorter sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Previous studies conducted on diff erent races showed inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diff erences in sleep duration in obese adolescents who suff er from metabolic syndrome compared with obese adolescents who do not suff er from metabolic syndrome. A cross sectional study was carried out on 59 obese adolescents who visited the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Subjects were selected using total sampling techniques who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in August-November 2018. Anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood tests (HDL cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels) were held to determine obesity according to CDC 2000 and metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation. The diff erence in sleep duration in obese adolescents suff ering from metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome analyzed using Chi square test. A total of 27 subjects (45.8%) suff ered from metabolic syndrome. Most obese adolescents (57,6%) have suffi cient sleep duration (≥ 8 hours/day). There was no sleep duration diff erences in obese adolescents suff ering and not suff ering from metabolic syndrome (p> 0.05).

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