scholarly journals Effect of a Flaxseed Lignan Intervention on Circulating Bile Acids in a Randomized, Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1576-1576
Author(s):  
Sandi Navarro ◽  
Lisa Levy ◽  
Timothy Randolph ◽  
Natalie Hong ◽  
Fausto Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Objectives Health benefits of high-fiber foods may be attributed, in part, to microbial metabolites of plant compounds. Lignans and their microbial metabolites, the enterolignans [enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END)], reduce serum lipids through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of bile acid (BA) synthesis. BA, released into the gut lumen in response to dietary fat, undergo microbial metabolism to secondary (2°) BA, which have been positively associated with chronic disease, e.g., liver disease and colorectal cancer. Our aims were to evaluate the effects of a flaxseed lignan supplement on circulating BA and examine associations between enterolignans and 2° BA. Methods We conducted a randomized, crossover trial of a flaxseed lignan supplement (50 mg/d secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) compared to placebo in 46 healthy men and women (20-45 y). Each period lasted 60 days, separated by a 60-day washout period. Six primary and fourteen 2° BA species were measured in fasting plasma using LC-MS. ENL and END were measured in 24-h urines by GC-MS. Low- and high-ENL excreters were defined as below and above the median 24-h ENL excretion at the end of the flaxseed lignan intervention (23.4 µmol/24 h). Linear mixed models were used to a) test the effects of the intervention on individual BA concentrations, overall and stratified by low and high ENL excreters; and b) to cross-sectionally determine the association between plasma 2o BA and ENL and END. Results There was no significant effect of the flaxseed lignan intervention compared to placebo on BA concentrations overall, or by ENL-excreter status, after FDR adjustment. In the cross-sectional analysis, irrespective of treatment, six 2° BA were statistically significantly associated with ENL (FDR < 0.05), with two positive associations (isolithocholic and lithocholic acids), and four inverse associations (glycoursodeoxycholic, glycohyodeoxycholic, hyodeoxycholic, and muricholic acids). Conclusions The flaxseed lignan intervention and subsequent ENL production had no effect on plasma BA concentrations. However, the strong associations between ENL excretion and certain 2° BA concentrations suggests that the gut microbial communities capable of producing ENL may also play a role in 2° BA metabolism. Funding Sources NIH.

scholarly journals A Single Meal of Milk Containing A2 Β-Casein Causes Fewer Symptoms and Lower Gas Production than Milk Containing Both A1 and A2 Β-Casein Among Lactose Intolerant Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
Monica Ramakrishnan ◽  
Tracy Eaton ◽  
Omer Sermet ◽  
Dennis Savaiano
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Breath Hydrogen ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives We evaluated tolerance to single meals of milks containing different levels of a1 and a2 β-casein as compared to lactose-free milk. We also determined if lactose digestion was affected by a2, high a2 (Jersey) and high a1 (commercial) β-casein milks, as measured by breath hydrogen. Methods A double-blinded, randomized crossover trial was conducted in 21 verified lactose intolerant subjects, feeding four milks (commercial, Jersey, a2 and commercial lactose free) after an overnight fast. Breath hydrogen was measured, and intolerance symptoms were recorded for 6 hours following treatment. Results Mean hydrogen production and total symptoms were significantly lower following consumption of a2 milk as compared to commercial milk (P = 0.03 for both). Similarly, high a2 Jersey milk produced significantly lower hydrogen than commercial milk (P = 0.01). However, symptoms due to Jersey were not significantly different from commercial milk (P = 0.47). Conclusions A2 milk caused fewer symptoms and lower gas production in verified lactose intolerant subjects. Funding Sources Gift funds from the a2 Milk Company.

scholarly journals Effect of a Flaxseed Lignan Intervention on Circulating Bile Acids in a Placebo-Controlled Randomized, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Sandi L. Navarro ◽  
Lisa Levy ◽  
Keith R. Curtis ◽  
Isaac Elkon ◽  
Orsalem J. Kahsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Bacterial Gene Expression ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Plant Lignans ◽  
Inducible Gene

Plant lignans and their microbial metabolites, e.g., enterolactone (ENL), may affect bile acid (BA) metabolism through interaction with hepatic receptors. We evaluated the effects of a flaxseed lignan extract (50 mg/day secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) compared to a placebo for 60 days each on plasma BA concentrations in 46 healthy men and women (20–45 years) using samples from a completed randomized, crossover intervention. Twenty BA species were measured in fasting plasma using LC-MS. ENL was measured in 24-h urines by GC-MS. We tested for (a) effects of the intervention on BA concentrations overall and stratified by ENL excretion; and (b) cross-sectional associations between plasma BA and ENL. We also explored the overlap in bacterial metabolism at the genus level and conducted in vitro anaerobic incubations of stool with lignan substrate to identify genes that are enriched in response to lignan metabolism. There were no intervention effects, overall or stratified by ENL at FDR < 0.05. In the cross-sectional analysis, irrespective of treatment, five secondary BAs were associated with ENL excretion (FDR < 0.05). In vitro analyses showed positive associations between ENL production and bacterial gene expression of the bile acid-inducible gene cluster and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. These data suggest overlap in community bacterial metabolism of secondary BA and ENL.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children With Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1103
Author(s):  
Christopher Westgard ◽  
Luis Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderon ◽  
Alexandra Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Objectives The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. Results The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (P &lt; 0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, P = 0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, P = 0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR = 1.64, CI 95% [1.041–2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR = 0.578, [0.334–0.998]). Conclusions More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Use of Restaurant Nutrition Information and Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults Based on NHANES 2013–2014 Data (P18-120-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Alonso ◽  
Vanessa Martin ◽  
Cristina Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Internal Funds ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Objectives Consumption of energy-dense meals from restaurants may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the past 40 years, consumption of away-from-home meals has nearly doubled, and restaurants with more than 20 locations are now federally mandated to display the nutrition information on menus. As Americans continue to consume a large number of their daily meals from restaurants, it is important to evaluate the association between the use of restaurant-provided nutrition information and health outcomes. No study has reported such association in a representative sample of Americans. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the association between the use of nutrition information in restaurants and cholesterol levels in adults. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2013–2014 data was completed using responses to the question on the use of nutrition information in restaurants to make purchasing decisions. This was associated with the risk of high cholesterol (levels > 200 mg/dL) by using multiple logistic regression and adjusting for medical conditions, energy intake, and weight history. Results A total of 1238 adults (18–65y) responded to the question about viewing nutrition information in restaurants; 43% reported using this information to make purchasing decisions. However, using such information was not associated with a lower risk of high cholesterol (OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 0.797, 1.290). Similar results were seen in the adjusted model (OR: 0.924, 95% CI 0.719, 1.187). Conclusions No significant associations were found between the use of nutrition information in restaurants to make purchasing decisions and a lower risk of high cholesterol. This could be explained by the possibility that individuals with high cholesterol are more aware of their eating patterns and use more than just nutrition information to make purchasing decisions to help lower their cholesterol. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results. Funding Sources FIU Internal funds.

scholarly journals Reduced Postprandial Serum Triglyceride After a Meal Prepared Using an Airfryer: A Randomized Crossover Trial (P08-103-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Ge ◽  
Xiaohui Feng ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Mian Li ◽  
Paul Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride

Abstract Objectives Elevated circulating non-fasting triglyceride (TG) or postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) is as an independent contributor to risk for coronary heart disease.We hypothesized that a commonly consumed fried meal (including French fries and chicken nuggets) prepared by airfrying would result in a significantly lower ppTG response than the same meal prepared using a conventional deep fat frying approach. Methods We conducted a randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effect of airfryer cooking compared to conventional deep fat frying preparation in young healthy male (n = 10) and female subjects (n = 6). A 7-day washout period was included between meal test days. All study participants were blinded to the method of meal preparation. Results The airfryer resulted in a significantly lower postprandial triglyceride response compared to deep fat frying of the same meal (P < 0.001). Glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid response differences were not found. Self-reported satiety did not differ after the meals. Furthermore, air-frying did not influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers, cholesterol, or apolipoproteins. Conclusions Air frying of common fried meals results in lower postprandial triglyceride excursions in young healthy volunteers in the absence of any effects on satiety. Air-frying represents a useful and practical method to reduce meal fat content in line with current dietary recommendations on triglyceride management and general healthy eating. Funding Sources This research was funded by Philips Research China, Philips (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Dietary fat in relation to body fat and intraabdominal adipose tissue: a cross-sectional analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Larson ◽  
G R Hunter ◽  
M J Williams ◽  
T Kekes-Szabo ◽  
I Nyikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals The cluster randomized crossover trial: The effects of attrition in the AB/BA design and how to account for it in sample size calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-429
Author(s):  
Mirjam Moerbeek
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Background/Aims: This article studies the effect of attrition in the cluster randomized crossover trial. The focus is on the two-treatment two-period AB/BA design where attrition occurs during the washout period. Attrition may occur at either the subject level or the cluster level. In the latter case, clusters drop out entirely and provide no measurements in the second period. Subject attrition can only occur in the cohort design, where each subject receives both treatments. Cluster attrition can also occur in the cross-sectional design, where different subjects are measured in the two time periods. Furthermore, this article explores two different strategies to account for potential levels of attrition: increasing sample size and replacing those subjects who drop out by others. Methods: The statistical model that takes into account the nesting of subjects within clusters, and the nesting of repeated measurements within subjects is presented. The effect of attrition is evaluated on the basis of the efficiency of the treatment effect estimator. Matrix algebra is used to derive the relation between efficiency, the degree of attrition, cluster size and the intraclass correlations: the within-cluster within-period correlation, the within-cluster between-period correlation and (in the case of a cohort design) the within-subject correlation. The methodology is implemented in two Shiny Apps. Results: Attrition in a cluster randomized crossover trial implies a loss of efficiency. Efficiency decreases with an increase of the attrition rate. The loss of efficiency due to attrition of subjects in a cohort design is largest for small number of subjects per cluster-period, but it may be repaired to a large degree by increasing the number of subjects per cluster-period or by replacing those subjects who drop out by others. Attrition of clusters results in a larger loss of efficiency, but this loss does not depend on the number of subjects per cluster-period. Repairing for this loss requires a large increase in the number of subjects per cluster-period. The methodology of this article is illustrated by an example on the effect of lavender scent on dental patients’ anxiety. Conclusion: This article provides the methodology of exploring the effect of attrition in cluster randomized crossover trials, and to repair for attrition. As such, it helps researchers plan their trial in an appropriate way and avoid underpowered trials. To use the methodology, prior estimates of the degree of attrition and intraclass correlation coefficients are needed. It is advocated that researchers clearly report the estimates of these quantities to help facilitate planning future trials.

scholarly journals Effect of Daily Egg Ingestion with Thai Food on Serum Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supanee Putadechakum ◽  
Pariya Phanachet ◽  
Varapat Pakpeankitwattana ◽  
Theerawut Klangjareonchai ◽  
Chulaporn Roongpisuthipong
Keyword(s):  
Washout Period ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial

Thai food is one of the healthiest foods. In fact, several Thai dishes, such as Tom Yum soup, are currently under scientific study for their incredible health benefits. Limited data are available on the effects of egg consumption with Thai food in hyperlipidemic patients. To assess the effects of daily egg consumption with Thai food, which is known as low fat diet, on serum lipids profiles in hyperlipidemic subjects without medication treatment, the randomized crossover trial of 71 hyperlipidemic adults (8 men, 63 women) were randomly to one of the two sequences of one and three eggs/day for 4 weeks. Each treatment was separated by a four-week washout period (egg-free). Our data indicated that one or three eggs/day consumption were significantly increases total serum cholesterol ( and versus  mg/dL) and LDL-C levels ( and versus  mg/dL) as compared to egg-free period. No significant change of serum TG, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C levels was observed after 1 or 3 eggs consumption daily in this study.

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