Taste Perception Profiles Are Associated With Adherence to Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives Understanding individual-level drivers of food intake is critical when personalizing dietary guidance. One likely driver is taste perception; yet, limited data relate perception of all 5 tastes (sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami) to dietary patterns (DPs). Our aim was to determine whether a multivariable measure of taste perception, taste perception profiles, was associated with adherence to empirically derived DPs. Methods Participants were 367 community-dwelling adults with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia (55–75 years; 55% female). Six taste perception profiles were derived from 5 taste perception scores via a data-driven clustering approach: Low All (23%), High Bitter (16%), High Umami (17%), Low Bitter & Umami (20%), High All But Bitter (13%) and High All But Umami (11%). DPs were derived via principal component analysis using food groupings tabulated from food frequency questionnaires. Generalized linear models were used to examine relations between taste perception profiles and DP adherence, adjusting for confounders. Results Three DPs were identified, explaining 25% of total variance: a high fruit, vegetable and whole grain DP (Fruit/Veg), a high fat, sugar and refined grain DP (Fat/Sug) and a high alcohol, salt and processed meat DP (Alch/Salt). Adherence to the DPs differed by profile. Across all profiles, High Bitter and Low All individuals were most likely to follow the Alch/Salt DP (44% and 39% in highest tertial of adherence, respectively; P = 0.03), while those with High All But Bitter and High Umami tended to follow the Fat/Sug DP (42% and 39% in highest tertial, respectively; P = 0.08). Compared to Low All individuals, after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, diabetes and BMI, those with Low Bitter & Umami adhered less to the Alch/Salt DP (β [95% CI] = −0.3 [−0.6, −0.03]) while those with High Umami adhered more to the Fat/Sug DP (0.4 [0.1, 0.8]). Conclusions Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were differentially associated with adherence to empirically derived DPs, suggesting the benefit of using taste perception profiles when customizing risk reduction dietary guidance. Funding Sources ARS/USDA, HNRCA Cassidy Student Research Award, Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III; SAF2016–80532-R), CIBEROBN (06/03/0035) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO 17/2017).

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Associations between Taste Perception Profiles and Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns: An Exploratory Analysis among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Julie E. Gervis ◽

Rebeca Fernández-Carrión ◽

Kenneth K. H. Chui ◽

Jiantao Ma ◽

Oscar Coltell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Principal Component ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Animal Fats

Taste perception is a primary driver of food choices; however, little is known about how perception of all five tastes (sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami) collectively inform dietary patterns. Our aim was to examine the associations between a multivariable measure of taste perception—taste perception profiles—and empirically derived dietary patterns. The cohort included 367 community-dwelling adults (55–75 years; 55% female; BMI = 32.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. Six taste perception profiles were previously derived via data-driven clustering (Low All, High Bitter, High Umami, Low Bitter and Umami, High All But Bitter, High All But Umami); three dietary patterns were derived via principal component analysis (% variance explained = 20.2). Cross-sectional associations between profiles and tertials of dietary pattern adherence were examined by multinomial logistic regression. Overall, there were several significant differences in dietary pattern adherence between profiles: the vegetables, fruits, and whole grains pattern was significantly more common for the High All But Umami profile (OR range for high vs. low adherence relative to other profiles (1.45–1.99; 95% CI minimum lower, maximum upper bounds: 1.05, 2.74), the non-extra virgin olive oils, sweets, and refined grains pattern tended to be less common for Low All or High Bitter profiles (OR range: 0.54–0.82), while the alcohol, salty foods, and animal fats pattern tended to be less common for Low Bitter and Umami and more common for High All But Bitter profiles (OR range: 0.55–0.75 and 1.11–1.81, respectively). In conclusion, among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were differentially associated with dietary patterns, suggesting the benefit of integrating taste perception into personalized nutrition guidance.

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Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521004682 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Karen D. Mumme ◽

Cathryn A. Conlon ◽

Pamela R. von Hurst ◽

Beatrix Jones ◽

Jamie V. de Seymour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

New Zealand ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Deprivation ◽

Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is common in older adults and may be modified by the diet. The aim of this study was to examine associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in an older New Zealand population. The REACH study (Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health) included 366 participants (65-74 years, 36% male) living independently in Auckland, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a 109-item food frequency questionnaire with demonstrated validity and reproducibility for assessing dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, physical activity, and energy intake were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns explained 18% of dietary intake variation – ‘Mediterranean style’ (salad/leafy cruciferous/other vegetables, avocados/olives, alliums, nuts/seeds, shellfish and white/oily fish, berries), ‘prudent’ (dried/fresh/frozen legumes, soy-based foods, whole grains, carrots), and ‘Western’ (processed meat/fish, sauces/condiments, cakes/biscuits/puddings, meat pies/hot chips). No associations were seen between ‘Mediterranean style’ [OR=0.75 (95% CI 0.53, 1.06), P=0.11] or ‘prudent’ [OR=1.17 (95% CI 0.83, 1.59), P=0.35] patterns and metabolic syndrome after co-variate adjustment. The ‘Western’ pattern was positively associated with metabolic syndrome [OR=1.67 (95% CI 1.08, 2.63), P=0.02]. There was also a small association between an index of multiple deprivation [OR=1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06), P<0.001] and metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study provides further support for a Western dietary pattern being a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in an older population.

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Taste Perception Profiles and Adiposity in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome – PREDIMED-Plus

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1635-1635

Author(s):

Julie Gervis ◽

Kenneth Chui ◽

Oscar Coltell ◽

Dolores Corella ◽

Alice Lichtenstein

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Research Award ◽

Adjusted Means ◽

Collective Influence ◽

Carlos Iii

Abstract Objectives In humans, perception for each taste (sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami) has been independently related to food preferences and intake. Yet, the collective influence of perception of all 5 tastes on diet and cardiometabolic health remains unexplored. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the relations between a collective measure of taste perception – “taste perception profiles” – and adiposity. Methods We analyzed baseline data of 367 older adults (55–75 years; 55% female) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus Valencia trial. Taste perception was assessed for sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami using sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, phenylthiocarbamide and monopotassium L-glutamate, respectively, and evaluated on a 0–5 scale. Taste perception profiles were derived from perception scores using predictive modeling and k-means clustering (KCA). Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relations between taste perception profiles and BMI, body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC), after adjustment for confounders. Results KCA identified 7 taste perception profiles: Low All (n = 79), High Umami (n = 61), High Bitter (n = 49), High Bitter & Umami (n = 44), High Sweet, Salt & Sour (n = 51), High All But Bitter (n = 49) and High All But Umami (n = 34). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking, diabetes, medication use and energy intake, BMI, BW and WC were highest for the Low All profile (adjusted means: 33.4 kg/m2, 87.5 kg and 108.4 cm; reference). Comparatively, mean BMI and BW were lower for High Bitter (–1.9 kg/m2; –5.4 kg), High Bitter & Umami (–1.7; –4.7), High Sweet, Salt & Sour (–1.3; –4.6) and High All But Bitter (–1.7; –5.0) profiles; and WC was lower for High Bitter & Umami (–3.4 cm) and High All But Bitter (–4.9) profiles (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Taste perception profiles derived via multivariable clustering were related to adiposity in older adults with MetS – individuals with the Low All profile had higher BMI, BW and WC; others had more complex relations. Thus, perception of and interactions among the 5 tastes may collectively influence diet and cardiometabolic health. Funding Sources ARS/USDA, HNRCA Cassidy Student Research Award, Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III; SAF2016–80,532-R) and Generalitat Valenciana.

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Abstract MP04: Taste Perception Profiles Are Associated With Patterns Of Adherence To A Mediterranean Diet Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.mp04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Julie E Gervis ◽

Kenneth Chui ◽

Jiantao Ma ◽

Oscar Coltell ◽

Rebeca Fernández-Carrión ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Red Meat ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Chi Square

Objective: Evidence suggests perception of sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami tastes may be independently related to food preferences and intake. Our objective was to determine whether a collective measure of taste perception for all 5 tastes—“taste perception profiles”—was related to adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD). Methods: Participants were 367 older adults (55-75 years; 55% female) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. A data-driven clustering approach identified six taste perception profiles from baseline taste perception scores: Low All ( n = 85), High Bitter ( n = 41), High Umami ( n = 61), Low Bitter & Umami ( n = 59), High All But Bitter ( n = 72) and High All But Umami ( n = 49). A MedD adherence score was tabulated from a questionnaire which captured adherence to 17 pre-determined MedD criteria (range = 0-17; 1 point per criteria met). Generalized linear models were used to determine the relations between taste perception profiles and MedD adherence scores, with confounder adjustment. Results: Across profiles, there were no significant differences in MedD adherence scores (unadjusted mean range = 8.1-8.6; ANOVA, p = 0.97); however, there were significant differences in the criteria met by each profile. For High All But Bitter and Low All profiles, 71% vs. 42% of individuals, respectively, met criteria for adequate vegetable intake (chi square = 12.8, p = 0.03); and for High All But Umami and High All But Bitter profiles, 95% vs. 65% of individuals, respectively, reported preferring lean over red meat (chi square = 12.5, p = 0.03). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, diabetes, medication use and energy intake, compared to individuals with Low All (reference), those with High All But Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate vegetable (OR [95% CI] = 2.9 [1.3, 6.6]), adequate sofrito (2.4 [1.1, 5.4]) and moderate wine (4.1 [1.5, 11.3]) intakes, and less likely to meet criteria for low non-whole grain pasta/rice (0.3 [0.1, 0.8]), white bread (0.3 [0.1, 0.6]) and red/processed meat (0.3 [0.2, 0.7]) intakes, and to report preferring lean over red meat (0.3 [0.1, 0.8]) and using extra virgin olive oil as a main cooking fat (0.4 [0.2, 0.95]); individuals with High Bitter were more likely to meet criteria for adequate fruit (2.7 [1.3, 5.5]) and less likely to meet criteria for low sugar-sweetened beverage (0.4 [0.2, 0.8]) intakes, while those with High Umami were more likely to meet criterion for adequate vegetable intake (2.2 [1.1, 4.5]). Neither Low Bitter & Umami nor High All But Umami were significantly associated with MedD adherence. Conclusions: Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were associated with differential patterns of adherence to a MedD, supporting the use of taste perception profiles when developing individualized dietary modification strategies to improve cardiometabolic risk factors.

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Education and lifestyle predict change in dietary patterns and diet quality of adults 55 years and over

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-019-0495-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maree G. Thorpe ◽

Catherine M. Milte ◽

David Crawford ◽

Sarah A. McNaughton

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Food Groups ◽

Time Points

Abstract Background Diet is a key risk factor for chronic disease, and an increasing concern among older adults. We aim to examine the changes in dietary patterns using principal component analysis and a diet quality index among older adults and examine the predictors of dietary change over a 4 year period. Methods Data was obtained via a postal survey in a prospective cohort, the Wellbeing Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study. Australian adults aged 55 years and over (n = 1005 men and n = 1106 women) completed a food frequency at three time points and provided self-reported personal characteristics. Principal component analysis was used to assess dietary patterns and diet quality was assessed using the 2013 Revised Dietary Guideline Index. The relationships between predictors and change in dietary patterns were assessed by multiple linear regression. Results Two dietary patterns were consistently identified in men and women at three time points over 4 years. One was characterised by vegetables, fruit and white meat, and the other was characterised by red and processed meat and processed foods. Reduced consumption of key food groups within the principal component analysis-determined dietary patterns was observed. An increase in diet quality over 4 years was observed in men only. Reported higher education levels and favourable lifestyle characteristics, including not smoking and physical activity, at baseline predicted an increase in healthier dietary patterns over 4 years. Conclusions There was stability in the main dietary patterns identified over time, however participants reported an overall decrease in the frequency of consumption of key food groups. Compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines remained poor and therefore targeting this population in nutritional initiatives is important. Design of nutrition promotion for older adults need to consider those with lower socioeconomic status, as having a lower level of education was a predictor of poorer dietary patterns. It is important to consider how nutrition behaviours can be targeted alongside other lifestyle behaviours, such as smoking and inadequate physical activity to improve health.

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Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular and Kidney Phenotypes in an Uruguayan Population Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2213

Author(s):

Paula Moliterno ◽

Carmen Marino Donangelo ◽

Luciana Borgarello ◽

Matías Pécora ◽

Alicia Olascoaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Linear Models ◽

Principal Component ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in an adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study—GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiovascular and kidney phenotypes. In a cross-sectional study (n = 294), DP were derived by the principal component analysis. Blood and urine parameters, anthropometrics, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. Multivariable adjusted linear models and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Three DP were identified (Meat, Prudent, Cereal and Mate) explaining 22.6% of total variance in food intake. The traditional Meat DP, characterized by red and barbecued meat, processed meat, bread, and soft drinks, was associated with worse blood lipid profile. Prudent DP, characterized by vegetables, fish, and nuts, and lower loads for bread and crackers, was associated with reduced risk of vitamin D deficiency. Cereal and Mate DP, was characterized by higher loads of cereals, bread, and crackers, and mate infusion, with higher odds of excessive body weight. No direct associations of dietary patterns with hypertension, arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease, and nephrolithiasis were found in the studied population, nor by age categories or sex.

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Dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms in older Australian women but not men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519002435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (12) ◽

pp. 1424-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael J. Hart ◽

Catherine M. Milte ◽

Susan J. Torres ◽

Maree G. Thorpe ◽

Sarah A. McNaughton

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Short Form ◽

Adult Population ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Principal Component ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Processed Meat

AbstractStudies have examined the association between depressive symptoms and dietary patterns; however, only few studies focused on older adults. The present study examines the association between current and past dietary patterns and depression in a community-dwelling adult population aged 55 years and over. Adults (n 4082) were recruited into the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life study in Victoria, Australia. In 2010 and 2014, data were collected using self-administered questionnaires including a 111-item FFQ, the RAND thirty-six-item Short Form Health Survey of health-related quality of life and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale in 2014. Current (2014) and past (2010) dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms was assessed using a mixed model analysis with adjustment for covariates. Two similar dietary patterns were identified in men and women (n 2142). In women, a healthy dietary pattern (characterised by frequent intake of vegetables, fruits and fish) was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (current diet: β = −0·260, 95 % CI −0·451, −0·070; past diet: β = −0·201, 95 % CI −0·390, −0·013). A current unhealthy dietary pattern in women (characterised by frequent intake of red and processed meat, potatoes, hot chips, cakes, deserts and ice cream) was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (β = 1·367, 95 % CI 0·679, 2·056). No associations were identified in men. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the differences that may occur by sex.

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Diagnostic Power of Circulatory Metabolic Biomarkers as Metabolic Syndrome Risk Predictors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northwest of England (A Feasibility Study)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2275

Author(s):

Razieh Hassannejad ◽

Hamsa Sharrouf ◽

Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽

Ben Kirk ◽

Farzad Amirabdollahian

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Diagnostic Power ◽

Metabolic Biomarkers ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with pathophysiology strongly linked to aging. A range of circulatory metabolic biomarkers such as inflammatory adipokines have been associated with MetS; however, the diagnostic power of these markers as MetS risk correlates in elderly has yet to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study investigated the diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as MetS risk correlates in older adults. Methods: Hundred community dwelling older adults (mean age: 68.7 years) were recruited in a study, where their blood pressure, body composition and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) were measured; and their fasting capillary and venous blood were collected. The components of the MetS; and the serum concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-I (PAI-I), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Cystatin-C, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), insulin and ferritin were measured within the laboratory, and the HOMA1-IR and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were calculated. Results: Apart from other markers which were related with some cardiometabolic (CM) risk, after Bonferroni correction insulin had significant association with all components of Mets and AIP. These associations also remained significant in multivariate regression. The multivariate odds ratio (OR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) showed a statistically significant association between IL-6 (OR: 1.32 (1.06–1.64)), TNF-α (OR: 1.37 (1.02–1.84)), Resistin (OR: 1.27 (1.04–1.54)) and CRP (OR: 1.29 (1.09–1.54)) with MetS risk; however, these associations were not found when the model was adjusted for age, dietary intake and adiposity. In unadjusted models, insulin was consistently statistically associated with at least two CM risk factors (OR: 1.33 (1.16–1.53)) and MetS risk (OR: 1.24 (1.12–1.37)) and in adjusted models it was found to be associated with at least two CM risk factors and MetS risk (OR: 1.87 (1.24–2.83) and OR: 1.25 (1.09–1.43)) respectively. Area under curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) demonstrated a good discriminatory diagnostics power of insulin with AUC: 0.775 (0.683–0.866) and 0.785 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for at least two CM risk factors and AUC: 0.773 (0.653–0.893) and 0.783 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for MetS risk. This was superior to all other AUC reported from the ROC analysis of other biomarkers. Area under precision-recall curve for insulin was also superior to all other markers (0.839 and 0.586 for at least two CM risk factors and MetS, respectively). Conclusion: Fasting serum insulin concentration was statistically linked with MetS and its risk, and this link is stronger than all other biomarkers. Our ROC analysis confirmed the discriminatory diagnostic power of insulin as CM and MetS risk correlate in older adults.

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