scholarly journals Red Wheat Alters Colon Cancer Risk, Oxidative Stress, and the Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1156-1156
Author(s):  
Chelsey Fiecke ◽  
Daniel Gallaher ◽  
Senay Simsek ◽  
Ashok Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

Abstract Objectives Red wheat, the class of wheat used to make yeast bread products, is associated with reductions in colon cancer biomarkers, regardless of refinement state. We hypothesized that red wheat as well as the phenol-rich aleurone and testa layers of red wheat would reduce colonic precancerous lesions and oxidative stress, and beneficially modulate the gut microbiome in rats with diet-induced obesity. Methods Rats were divided into seven groups (12/group) and fed a normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet (50% of total kcal as fat, HFD), whole red wheat + HFD (whR + HFD), refined red wheat + HFD (refR + HFD), refined white wheat + HFD (refW + HFD), aleurone layer + HFD (AL + HFD), or testa layer + HFD (TL + HFD). After a 14-day adaptation period, rats received two i.p. injections of the colon-specific carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), administered one week apart. Sixty-three days after the second injection, colons were harvested and precancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci, ACF) were enumerated. Staining intensity of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was determined immunohistochemically in distal colon tissue. Microbial DNA from cecal contents was sequenced using a 16S rRNA metagenomic approach. Differences in alpha and beta diversity, and microbial abundances were determined. Results Compared to the NFD, the HFD had a greater number of ACF, regardless of size (i.e., AC/ACF). The refR + HFD had significant reductions in medium ACF (3–5 AC/ACF; 2.62 vs. 4.28), large ACF (≥6 AC/ACF; 0.06 vs. 0.45), ACF multiplicity (1.58 vs. 2.01) and 3-NT (% positivity per ACF; 2.06% vs. 4.51%) compared to the HFD. All diets containing wheat reduced large ACF number. The TL + HFD and AL + HFD demonstrated trends for reducing ACF with 8 AC (0.06 vs. 0.18) and 3-NT (2.22% vs. 4.51%), respectively, compared to the HFD. Beta diversity significantly differed between diet groups (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.001), and there was greater abundance of Faecalitalea, Fusicatenibacter, and Lactobacillus in the cecal contents of rats fed wheat-containing diets. Conclusions Red wheat reduces precancerous lesions, oxidative stress, and beneficially modulates the gut microbiome relative to a non-wheat diet. The phenol-rich testa and aleurone layers alone had little influence on these outcomes. Funding Sources NDSU Collaborative Seed Grant Program.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Albert Stec ◽  
Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽  
Aleksandra Knot ◽  
Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Evidence supporting the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 20200430
Author(s):  
Morgan C. Slevin ◽  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
David J. Bradshaw ◽  
Rindy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Development

Recent research in mammals supports a link between cognitive ability and the gut microbiome, but little is known about this relationship in other taxa. In a captive population of 38 zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we quantified performance on cognitive tasks measuring learning and memory. We sampled the gut microbiome via cloacal swab and quantified bacterial alpha and beta diversity. Performance on cognitive tasks related to beta diversity but not alpha diversity. We then identified differentially abundant genera influential in the beta diversity differences among cognitive performance categories. Though correlational, this study provides some of the first evidence of an avian microbiota–gut–brain axis, building foundations for future microbiome research in wild populations and during host development.

Nonproteic Antioxidant Status in Plasma of Subjects with Colon Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Giacomo ◽  
Rosaria Acquaviva ◽  
Raffaele Lanteri ◽  
Francesca Licata ◽  
Antonio Licata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Oxidized Proteins ◽  
Total Thiol

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be important causative agents of a number of human diseases, including cancer. Thus, antioxidants, which control the oxidative stress state, represent a major line of defense regulating overall health. Human plasma contains many different nonenzymatic antioxidants. Because of their number, it is difficult to measure each of these different antioxidants separately. In addition, the antioxidant status in human plasma is dynamic and may be affected by many factors. Thus, the relationship between nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma and levels of well-known markers of oxidative stress (oxidized proteins, lipid hydroperoxides, decreases in thiol groups) better reflects health status. The present study considers antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in human plasma of patients with colon cancer or precancerous lesions, as well as before and after surgical removal of tumors and/or chemo/radiation therapy. Healthy blood donors were used as controls. Colon cancer patients demonstrated a significant decrease in nonproteic antioxidant status and in total thiol groups with respect to healthy controls, whereas oxidized proteins and lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly increased. In patients with precancerous lesions, the only unmodified parameter was the thiol group level. After surgery, the levels of oxidized proteins, lipid hydroperoxides, and total thiol groups were restored to those seen in healthy subjects, whereas nonproteic antioxidant capacity remained unmodified from that determined before surgery. Conversely, chemo/radiation therapy increased both nonproteic antioxidant capacity and levels of oxidized proteins and lipid hydroperoxides and significantly decreased total thiol groups. These results further support the hypothesis that oxidative stress correlates to the risk of some forms of cancer, not only in the initial stages but also during progression.

scholarly journals Predicting the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Constipation Using Machine-Learning Methods: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Yutao Chen ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Wenwei Lu ◽  
Weiwei Yuan ◽  
Mingluo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Potential Biomarker

(1) Background: Constipation is a common condition that affects the health and the quality of life of patients. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome is associated with constipation, but these studies were mainly focused on a single research cohort. Thus, we aimed to construct a classification model based on fecal bacterial and identify the potential gut microbes’ biomarkers. (2) Methods: We collected 3056 fecal amplicon sequence data from five research cohorts. The data were subjected to a series of analyses, including alpha- and beta-diversity analyses, phylogenetic profiling analyses, and systematic machine learning to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the association between constipation and the gut microbiome. (3) Results: The alpha diversity of the bacterial community composition was higher in patients with constipation. Beta diversity analysis evidenced significant partitions between the two groups on the base of gut microbiota composition. Further, machine learning based on feature selection was performed to evaluate the utility of the gut microbiome as the potential biomarker for constipation. The Gradient Boosted Regression Trees after chi2 feature selection was the best model, exhibiting a validation performance of 70.7%. (4) Conclusions: We constructed an accurate constipation discriminant model and identified 15 key genera, including Serratia, Dorea, and Aeromonas, as possible biomarkers for constipation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the gut microbiome in association with biological signatures of inflammation in murine polytrauma and shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Appiah ◽  
Christine L. Foxx ◽  
Dominik Langgartner ◽  
Annette Palmer ◽  
Cristian A. Zambrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractSevere injuries are frequently accompanied by hemorrhagic shock and harbor an increased risk for complications. Local or systemic inflammation after trauma/hemorrhage may lead to a leaky intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent translocation of gut microbiota, potentially worsening outcomes. To evaluate the extent with which trauma affects the gut microbiota composition, we performed a post hoc analysis of a murine model of polytrauma and hemorrhage. Four hours after injury, organs and plasma samples were collected, and the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiome were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although cecal microbial alpha diversity and microbial community composition were not found to be different between experimental groups, norepinephrine support in shock animals resulted in increased alpha diversity, as indicated by higher numbers of distinct microbial features. We observed that the concentrations of proinflammatory mediators in plasma and intestinal tissue were associated with measures of microbial alpha and beta diversity and the presence of specific microbial drivers of inflammation, suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiome at the time of trauma, or shortly after trauma exposure, may play an important role in determining physiological outcomes. In conclusion, we found associations between measures of gut microbial alpha and beta diversity and the severity of systemic and local gut inflammation. Furthermore, our data suggest that four hours following injury is too early for development of global changes in the alpha diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiome. Future investigations with increased temporal-spatial resolution are needed in order to fully elucidate the effects of trauma and shock on the gut microbiome, biological signatures of inflammation, and proximal and distal outcomes.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Alterations in Pediatric Patients with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Bassam Abomoelak ◽  
Veronica Pemberton ◽  
Chirajyoti Deb ◽  
Stephani Campion ◽  
Michelle Vinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

In this prospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 54 healthy pediatric controls and 28 functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) pediatric patients (mean age was 11 ± 2.58 years old). Fecal samples and symptom questionnaires were obtained from all participants over the course of the year. Clinical data assessment showed that FAPDs patients were more symptomatic than the control group. Microbiome analysis revealed that Phylum Bacteroidetes was higher in FAPDs compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while phylum Firmicutes was lower in FAPDs (p < 0.05). In addition, Verrucomicrobiota was higher in the control group than the FAPDs (p < 0.05). At the genus level the relative abundance of 72 bacterial taxa showed statistically significant differences between the two groups and at the school term levels. In the control group, Shannon diversity, Observed_species, and Simpson were higher than the FAPDs (p < 0.05), and beta diversity showed differences between the two groups (PERMANOVA = 2.38; p = 0.002) as well. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), Enterobacteriaceae family and Megaspherae showed increased abundances in vacation term (LDA score > 2.0, LEfSe, p < 0.05). In the FAPDs group, the severity of symptoms (T-scores) correlated with 11 different taxa bacterial relative abundances using Pearson′s correlation and linear regression analyses. Our data showed that gut microbiome is altered in FAPDs compared to the control. Differences in other metrics such as alpha- and beta diversity were also reported between the two groups. Correlation of the severity of the disease (T-scores) correlated with gut microbiome. Finally, our findings support the use of Faecalibacterium/Bacteroides ratio as a potential diagnostic biomarker for FAPDs.

scholarly journals Bone Marrow Cell Therapy on 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1072-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal F. El-Khadragy ◽  
Heba M. Nabil ◽  
Basmaa N. Hassan ◽  
Amany A. Tohamy ◽  
Hanaa F. Waaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Cytokeratin 20 ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Mdr 1

Background/Aims: Stem cell based therapies are being under focus due to their possible role in treatment of various tumors. Bone marrow stem cells believed to have anticancer potential and are preferred for their activities by stimulating the immune system, migration to the site of tumor and ability for inducting apoptosis in cancer cells. The current study was aimed to investigate the tumor suppressive effects of bone marrow cells (BMCs) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats. Methods: The rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, BMCs alone, DMH alone and BMCs with DMH. BMCs were injected intrarectally while DMH was injected subcutaneously at 20 mg/kg body weight once a week for 15 weeks. Histopathological examination and gene expression of survivin, β-catenin and multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in rat colon tissues. This is in addition to oxidative stress markers in colon were performed across all groups. Results: The presence of aberrant crypt foci was reordered once histopathological examination of colon tissue from rats which received DMH alone. Administration of BMCs into rats starting from zero-day of DMH injection improved the histopathological picture which showed a clear improvement in mucosal layer, few inflammatory cells infiltration periglandular and in the lamina propria. Gene expression in rat colon tissue demonstrated that BMCs down-regulated survivin, β-catenin, MDR-1 and cytokeratin 20 genes expression in colon tissues after colon cancer induction. Amelioration of the colon status after administration of MSCs has been evidenced by a major reduction of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and increasing of glutathione content and superoxide dismutase along with catalase activities. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that BMCs have tumor suppressive effects in DMH-induced colon cancer as evidenced by down-regulation of survivin, β-catenin, and MDR-1 genes and enhancing the antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals MON-022 Dissecting the Interplay Between Diet and PCOS Pathology on Gut Microbiota in a PCOS Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Rodriguez Paris ◽  
Nadeem O Kaakoush ◽  
Samantha M Solon-Biet ◽  
Melissa C Edwards ◽  
William L Ledger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

Abstract The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type-2 diabetes, and more recently polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder with reproductive, endocrine and metabolic irregularities, and clinical and animal studies have reported that PCOS causes a decrease in microbial diversity and composition. Diet is an important regulator of the gut microbiome, and a recent study identified that alterations in macronutrient balance impact gut microbial communities which correlate with different metabolic health outcomes (1). We have identified that macronutrient balance impacts the development of PCOS traits. Therefore, to investigate the interplay between macronutrient balance and a PCOS environment on the gut microbiome, we analyzed the intestinal microbiome from fecal pellets of control and DHT-induced PCOS mice exposed to 10 different diets that varied systematically in protein (P), carbohydrate (C) and fat (F) content. The amount of dietary P, C and F consumed significantly altered alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota of pooled control and PCOS mice (P&lt;0.0001). Alpha diversity between control and PCOS mice on the same diet did not differ significantly, and hence was only affected by diet composition. However, beta diversity was significantly altered between control and PCOS mice (P&lt;0.05). We performed DESeq2 analysis and identified an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) within Bacteroides (OTU3) to be the most differentially abundant OTU between control and PCOS mice, with a significant decrease in PCOS mice compared to controls (control: 7.88 and PCOS: 5.38; fold change = 1.464; P&lt;0.0001). The consensus sequence of Bacteroides OTU3 was found to share 99.2% similarity to Bacteroides acidifaciens. B. acidifaciens is associated with obesity with elevated levels reported to prevent the onset of obesity (2). Thus, we then investigated the influence of P, C and F on the relative abundance of Bacteroides OTU3 and revealed an association with C consumption, with increasing levels of C leading to increased levels of Bacteroides OTU3 (Carb: r= 0.22, p=0.0028, q=0.015). These findings demonstrate that diet exerts a stronger influence over the gut microbiome than PCOS pathology. However, the hyperandrogenic PCOS environment does lead to changes in gut microbiota beta diversity, with a specific decrease in an obesity-associated (2) Bacteroides species in PCOS mice that is also responsive to levels of C consumption. Reference: (1) Holmes et al., Cell Metabolism. 2017; 25(1): 140-151. (2) Yang et al., Mucosal Immunology. 2017, 10 (1), 104-116.

scholarly journals The Effect of Common Viral Inactivation Techniques on 16S rRNA Amplicon-Based Analysis of the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Zachary McAdams ◽  
Kevin Gustafson ◽  
Aaron Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Analysis

Research investigating the gut microbiome (GM) during a viral infection may necessitate inactivation of the fecal viral load. Here, we assess how common viral inactivation techniques affect 16S rRNA-based analysis of the gut microbiome. Five common viral inactivation methods were applied to cross-matched fecal samples from sixteen female CD-1 mice of the same GM background prior to fecal DNA extraction. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA. Treatment-dependent effects on DNA yield, genus-level taxonomic abundance, and alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based inactivation method and Holder pasteurization had no effect on measures of microbial richness, while two Buffer AVL-based inactivation methods resulted in a decrease in detected richness. SDS inactivation, Holder pasteurization, and the AVL-based inactivation methods had no effect on measures of alpha diversity within samples or beta diversity between samples. Fecal DNA extracted with TRIzol-treated samples failed to amplify and sequence, making it unsuitable for microbiome analysis. These results provide guidance in the 16S rRNA microbiome analysis of fecal samples requiring viral inactivation.

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