scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances, Obesity, and Cognitive Function in Childhood: A Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola P Mattey-Mora ◽  
Erik J Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling

Abstract Background Childhood cognitive development is influenced by biological and environmental factors. One such factor, obesity, impairs cognitive development and is associated with sleep disturbances (SDs). Objective To examine the mediating role of SDs on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function in children. Methods A total of 9951 children aged 9–10 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Children were recruited from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Cognitive development was assessed using metrics for fluid, crystallized, and total cognitive function. Mediation analyses were conducted via linear regression modeling, with adjustment for potential confounders (sex, age, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and self-reported physical activity) for each of the three outcomes. Mediation significance was determined by bootstrapping. Results A statistically significant inverse association was found between BMI and total (β = −0.41, P < 0.001) and fluid (β = −0.49, P < 0.001) cognition, but not for crystallized cognition. Total sleep disturbances partially mediated the association between BMI and fluid cognition (indirect effect: -0.02, P = 0.002; proportion on the total effect: 0.05, P = 0.002), but no mediation was found in the association between BMI and total cognition. Conclusions Sleep disturbances partially mediate the effect of childhood obesity on cognitive function, particularly in fluid cognitions. Future work is necessary to understand the effects of sleep disturbances, and obesity on reduced childhood cognition throughout time, predominantly, across the life course.

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances, Obesity and Cognitive Function in Childhood: A Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1224-1224
Author(s):  
Paola Mattey-Mora ◽  
Erick Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objectives Childhood cognitive development is influenced by biological and environmental factors. One such factor, obesity, impairs cognitive development and is associated with sleep disturbances (SDs). We examined the mediating role of SDs on the relationship between obesity and cognitive function in children from a large longitudinal study. Methods A total of 9951 children aged 9–11 years were included in this study. Children were recruited from 21 centers across the US from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We assessed cognitive development using metrics for fluid (adaptation and new learning abilities), crystallized (experience-dependent abilities), and total cognitive function. Mediation analyses were conducted via linear regression modeling, with adjustment for potential confounders (sex, age, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and self-reported physical activity) for each of the 3 cognitive outcomes. Mediation significance was determined by bootstrapping. We also stratified our analyses by race (Caucasian, African-American, other racial minorities) to examine potential racial differences. Results We found a statistically significant inverse association between BMI and both total (β = −0.41, P < 0.001) and fluid (β = −0.49, P < 0.001) cognitive function. Stratified regression analyses found similar results for the Caucasians and other minorities groups, for both, fluid (Caucasian: β = −0.52, P < 0.001; other minorities β = −0.75, P = 0.01) and total cognitive function (Caucasian: β = −0.45, P < 0.001; other ethnicities: β = −0.76, P = 0.01). No association was observed among African Americans. Overall mediation analysis revealed that SDs were a partial mediator only for fluid cognitive function (P = 0.002). Further mediation analyses showed similar SDs partial mediation effects over fluid cognitive function in Caucasians (P = 0.002) and borderline significant mediation in the other minorities group (P = 0.06). Conclusions Our results suggest that SDs mediates the effect of obesity on cognitive functioning in children and that these effects vary across races, particularly as it pertains to fluid cognition. Fluid cognition is critical in childhood neurodevelopment, and further research is needed to address its long-term effects across the life course. Funding Sources None to declare.

scholarly journals Loneliness in Older Black Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated with Poorer Cognition

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duke Han ◽  
Oluwatoyin Adeyemi ◽  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
Sue Leurgans ◽  
Antonio Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
White Adults

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with cognitive impairment, and loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in old age. Older Black adults with HIV may be at particular risk of loneliness due to stigma and lack of social resources. Objective: We tested the hypotheses that (1) older Black adults with HIV would show greater loneliness than older White adults with HIV, and (2) greater loneliness among older Black adults with HIV would be associated with poorer cognitive function. Methods: A total of 370 participants (177 with HIV, 193 without HIV; mean age 58.8 years, standard deviation 6.2 years; mean education 13.4 years, standard deviation 2.9 years; 73.9% male, 68.9% Black) in a community-based cross-sectional study of the Rush Center of Excellence on Disparities in HIV and Aging (CEDHA) completed a 5-item self-report scale used to measure emotional loneliness and a battery of cognitive measures. Results: Contrary to our expectations, older Black adults indicated less overall loneliness than White adults (β = -0.3893, SE = 0.1466, p = 0.0087) in models controlling for the effects of age, education, sex, global cognition, and income. However, in models with cognitive function as the outcome, an interaction between race and loneliness was observed, such that older Black adults who indicated greater loneliness showed poorer cognitive function relative to White adults (β = -0.2736, SE = 0.1138, p = 0.0174). Conclusion: Older Black adults with HIV reported less loneliness than older White adults; however, the inverse association between loneliness and cognitive function was stronger in Black than White older adults. Additional work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction.

Nutritional status as a determinant of cognitive development among preschool children in South-Western Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1568-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyepeju Mary Onifade ◽  
Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Titus Ayodeji Oyedele ◽  
Ademola Richard Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Purpose – Improving the health of children under the age of five is one of the main objectives of primary healthcare services in most developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the nutritional status of children under the age of five and its impact on cognitive function. Design/methodology/approach – The cross-sectional study was carried out in a semi-urban community in south-western Nigeria. The sample consisted of 220 school children under the age of five. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and mid arm circumference were carried out to determine the nutritional status of the children. Cognitive function of the children was assessed using a developmental checklist developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and their performance was graded as good, fair and poor. Findings – The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was low with stunting, underweight and wasting recording 8.2, 6.8 and 1.8 percent, respectively thereby making stunting the most common malnutrition indicator in this study. A large proportion of the children (88.6 percent) had good cognitive performance while 11.4 and 5.5 percent had fair and poor cognitive performance, respectively. Among the various malnutrition indicators measured in this study, stunting was found to have a statistically significant association with cognitive development (p=0.005).Stunted children have multiple functional disadvantages that persist throughout childhood and poor nutrition almost certainly plays a role. This paper calls for a need for the Nigerian Government to intervene by ensuring that policies are implemented that will ensure that health and nutritional needs of preschool children are guaranteed right from conception. Originality/value – In view of the importance of nutrition for cognition in children, this research has shown that the cognitive function of preschool children can be affected by stunting and it has contributed to global data on nutrition and cognition particularly in South-Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals A szégyen mediációs szerepe a stigma és az életminőség kapcsolatában coeliakiában szenvedő betegek körében.

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (49) ◽  
pp. 1968-1976
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A coeliakia és a kapcsolódó terhek befolyásolják az érintettek életminőségét. A krónikus betegségekkel járó stigmatizáció hozzájárul a fizikai tünetek és a lelki panaszok fokozódásához, valamint az egészségmagatartás csökkenéséhez. Mindez szükségessé teszi a krónikus megbetegedések kapcsán a stigmatizáció felismerését, felmérését és kezelését. Célkitűzések: Fő célunk a 8 tételes Stigmatizáció Krónikus Betegségekben Kérdőív (SSCI-8) magyar adaptációja és pszichometriai vizsgálata volt coeliakiások körében. További célunk volt megvizsgálni a szégyen közvetítő szerepét a stigmatizáció és a jóllét között. Módszerek: A kutatás önbeszámolós, online kérdőíves, keresztmetszeti vizsgálatként zajlott (n = 85, átlagéletkor: 37,64, 91,8% nő). Az SSCI-8 mellett felvételre kerültek a szégyenélményt, a coeliakiás életminőséget, a jóllétet mérő kérdőívek. A kutatási célok tesztelése megerősítő faktorelemzéssel, korrelációs és mediációs elemzésekkel történt. Eredmények: Az SSCI-8 faktorelemzése során az egydimenziós modell megfelelő illeszkedést mutatott magas belső konzisztenciaértékek mellett. A mediációs modellek szerint a magasabb stigmatizáció a magasabb szégyenélményen keresztül járulhat hozzá a pszichés jóllét (coeliakiás életminőség, jóllét) csökkenéséhez. Megbeszélés: Az SSCI-8 rövid, átfogó kérdőívként megbízhatóan és érvényesen mérte a krónikus betegségben tapasztalt stigmatizációt a jelen coeliakiás mintán. Eredményeink alátámasztják, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyen fontos szerepet tölt be a jóllét csökkenésében. Következtetés: A nemzetközileg széles körben alkalmazott SSCI-8 adaptálására került sor, mely hazai kutatásokban és az egészségügyi ellátásban is hasznos mérőeszköz lehet. Az eredmények rávilágítanak, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyenélmény további kutatása szükséges, különösen a hatékony pszichoszociális intervenciók kifejlesztését megcélozva. Hatékony pszichológiai segítség révén a szégyen és a stigmatizáltság mérséklésével javulhat a coeliakiával élők fizikai és lelki állapota, ami a gluténmentes diéta betartása révén hozzájárulhat a betegség okozta tünetek és szövődmények mérsékléséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976. Summary. Introduction: Coeliac disease can detrimentally affect well-being. Stigmatization related to a chronic disease can enhance physical and psychological symptoms and negatively influence health behaviour, hence, stigma in chronic diseases needs to be addressed. Objectives: Our main goal was to psychometrically evaluate the Hungarian adaptation of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 (SSCI-8). Further aim was to examine the mediating role of shame on the relationship between stigmatization and well-being aspects among individuals with coeliac disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data using online questionnaires based on self-reports (n = 85, mean age: 37.64 years, 91.8% women). Instruments assessed levels of stigmatization, shame experience, quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being. Confirmatory factor, correlation and mediation analyses were used. Results: Factor analysis showed adequate fit for a unidimensional model with high internal consistency. Mediation models showed that higher levels of stigmatization can contribute to decreased levels of quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being via increased levels of shame. Discussion: The SSCI-8 is a short, valid, reliable instrument measuring stigmatization in the current sample of people with coeliac disease. The results highlight the role of stigma and shame in the decrease of well-being. Conclusion: The adapted version of the SSCI-8 can be a useful tool in Hungarian research and healthcare. The results suggest that stigmatization and shame need further attention to develop effective intervention which can reduce their effect and enhance adherence to gluten-free diet and improve physical and psychological well-being. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976.

Comparison of Cognitive and Other Developmental Functions in Children With Stunting and Malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyo Handryastuti ◽  
Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽  
Surastuti Nurdadi ◽  
Anita Chandra ◽  
Feka A. Pramita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Normal Stature

Abstract Background. Stunting is the impairment of growth and development due to malnutrition and/or chronic disease/infection. According to the Indonesia Basic National Health Survey 2013, prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 37.2%. Various studies have shown that impaired cognitive development may be found in children with stunting and malnutrition. This research has purpose to determine cognitive development in stunted children and malnourished children, using Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (Bayley-III). Methods. A cross-sectional study in 51 children aged 6 month to 3 year old who fullfiled the inclusion criteria at the Outpatient Clinic of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from June 2017 until January 2018. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development Third Edition (Bayley-III). Results. Twenty six children with stunting and 25 children with malnutrition without stunting with age of subjects were 11.0 month (2.0-34.0) and 16.0 month (7.0-25.6) respectively. Bayley-III percentile in cognitive scale were 12.5 (0.1-75) and 16.0 (0.1-99.9) with P (p-value)=0.55. Conclusions: Stunted children showed lower cognitive scores compared to the children with malnutrition. Although it was not significant, but it showed that Bayley-III scores group of stunting and malnutrition groups of children with normal stature far below the 50 percentile (P50). This showed that both children with stunting and malnutrition possible to have decreased cognitive function. Further research is needed with a larger sample to get comprehensive conclusions. Early detection and intervention also should be aimed at children who are experienced growth faltering to prevent developmental problems, especially cognitive function.

Postpartum Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Result: Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Israa M. Shatwan ◽  
Eiman A. Alhinai ◽  
Balqees Alawadhi ◽  
Shelini Surendran ◽  
Najlaa M. Aljefree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.

scholarly journals Time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Okinawa, Japan, 2008–2016: a repeated cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Takakura ◽  
Masaya Miyagi ◽  
Akira Kyan
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
School Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Smoking among Japanese adolescents has decreased noticeably. However, little is known whether the decreasing trend in adolescent smoking can be seen across all socioeconomic status (SES) groups. This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among Japanese adolescents between 2008 and 2016. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using data from three surveys of high school students in Okinawa, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants consisted of 7902 students in grades 10 through 12 (15–18 years). Smoking was assessed as current cigarette use. SES indicators included familial SES (parental education and family structure) and student’s own SES (school type). To evaluate absolute and relative inequalities, prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) between low and high SES groups were estimated. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were also calculated. Results Smoking prevalence among boys and girls significantly declined from 11.5% and 6.2% in 2008 to 4.7% and 1.9% in 2016, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in smoking were found among most of the SES groups. The PDs and SII for parental education in boys and family structure in girls decreased over time while those for school type persisted among boys and girls. The PRs and RII for school type in boys increased while those for other SES indicators among both sexes remained stable over time. Conclusions Smoking among Japanese adolescents has been declining and time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking varied by absolute and relative measures. Further policies and/or interventions to reduce smoking inequalities should focus on the context of schools, especially in vocational high schools.

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