The Short-Term Effect of Dried Plums on Inflammation and Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men (P01-027-19)

Abstract Objectives Osteoporosis has significant public health importance for both women and men, where 54% of the U.S. population age 50 and older have low bone mineral density (BMD). Chronic inflammation alters bone remodeling, which is one contributor to bone loss; therefore, foods rich in antioxidants, such as dried plums (DP, Prunus domestica L.), are of great interest for preventing chronic inflammation. Previously, dietary intervention with DP has been shown to prevent orichidectomy-induced decreases in BMD, microstructure, and biomechanics in male rats; however, this has yet to be studied in a clinical setting in adult males. Methods One-hundred and sixty osteopenic men are being recruited from the greater Tallahassee, Florida area to examine the effects of DP on BMD, bone biomarkers, and inflammation after one year of regular consumption. The present analysis is of a subset of this population, documenting the effects of two doses of DP on biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in men after three months of consumption. Twenty-seven men between the ages of 55 and 80 with moderate bone loss (T-score between −0.1 and −2.5 SD below the mean) were included. The men were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g DP, 50 g DP, or control group, with all three groups given a multivitamin containing 450 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D (Shaklee Corporation). Serum samples from the baseline and three-month time points were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP). DXA scans of the lumbar vertebrae alongside TBS iNnsight® software were used to generate trabecular bone score (TBS). Results Three months of DP consumption was associated with numerical increases in BAP in both the 100 g (6.5%, P = 0.14) and 50 g (6.3%, P = 0.3) DP groups, numerical decreases in CRP in both the 100 g (−8.8%, P = 0.75) and 50 g (−8.5%, P = 0.71) DP groups, and minimal change in TBS in both the 100 g (0.37%, P = 0.71) and 50 g (−0.55%, P = 0.44) DP groups. Conclusions Regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g DP for three months may contribute to increases in bone formation and decreases in inflammation, however not to an extent that affects bone quality. Three months of consumption may not be long enough to manifest changes in bone; therefore, further analysis of data after six months and one year of DP consumption in a larger number of men is warranted. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA, Shaklee Corporation, California Dried Plum Board.

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The Short-Term Effects of Prunes in Preventing Inflammation and Improving Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 5-5

Author(s):

Bahram Arjmandi ◽

Kelli George ◽

Lauren Ormsbee ◽

Neda Akhavan ◽

Joseph Munoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Male Rats ◽

Health Concern ◽

Control Group ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Significant Group

Abstract Objectives Osteoporosis is a public health concern for both women and men. Chronic inflammation contributes to bone loss; therefore, foods rich in antioxidants, such as prunes, are of great interest. Previously, dietary intervention with prunes has been shown to prevent orchidectomy-induced decreases in BMD, microstructure, and biomechanics in male rats; however, there is a need for this to be studied in a clinical setting in adult males. Methods Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 with moderate bone loss were included. The men were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g prunes daily, 50 g prunes daily, or control group. All three groups also consumed a multivitamin containing 450 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D. Serum samples from the baseline and three-month time points were analyzed for biomarkers of bone turnover, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results After three months, daily consumption of 100 g prunes was associated with a significant decrease in serum concentrations of osteocalcin (P < 0.001). Consumption of 50 g of prunes was associated with significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, and serum osteocalcin concentrations (P = 0.040), and an increase in the OPG: RANKL ratio (P = 0.041). There were also significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, OPG (P = 0.004), RANKL (P = 0.010), and osteocalcin (P = 0.049) in control group. There was a significant group*time effect for changes in OPG (P = 0.019) and the OPG: RANKL ratio (P = 0.029). Conclusions Decreases in osteocalcin indicate a decrease in bone turnover, and a higher OPG: RANKL ratio indicates that more RANKL is bound to OPG, and not to osteoclasts, thus downregulating osteoclast activity. Therefore, regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g dried plum for three months may make some contributions to bone formation and bone turnover activity, and minimal contribution to decreasing inflammation and improving bone density and quality. Funding Sources USDA/NIFA, California Prune Board, and Shaklee.

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Alendronate as an Effective Treatment for Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Journal of Transplantation ◽

10.1155/2014/269613 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Masanori Okamoto ◽

Shintaro Yamanaka ◽

Wataru Yoshimoto ◽

Takashi Shigematsu

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Secondary Osteoporosis ◽

Control Group ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Group A

Kidney transplant recipients develop secondary osteoporosis induced by immunosuppressive medication, with a high risk of fracture, and abdominal aortic calcification (AC) is a known predictor of cardiovascular mortality. In this study of 12 stable kidney recipients, we estimated the preventive effect of bisphosphonate treatment on bone loss and progression of AC. We randomly divided the subjects into a treatment group with alendronate (group A: 5 subjects) and a control group (group C: 7 subjects). Group A patients received 35 mg/week of alendronate over 24 months, while group C patients were not administered with any bisphosphonates. Two major endpoints were established: (1) the time-dependent change in bone mineral density (BMD) estimated with DEXA and (2) progression of abdominal AC, calculated twice as an index (ACI) using computed tomography data. Over the 2-year study period, group A patients showed significantly increased BMD of 1.86 ± 0.85% (P=0.015versus baseline), and almost complete inhibition of ACI progression (38.2 ± 24.2% to 39.6 ± 24.3%), but group C patients showed a decrease in BMD decline with bone loss and progression of ACI (32.8 ± 25.0% to 37.8 ± 29.2%,P=0.061). In conclusion, alendronate therapy was an effective treatment in kidney transplant recipients for secondary osteoporosis and vascular calcification as ectopic calcification. This clinical trial is registered with number JMA-IIA00155 of JMACCT CTR.

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The Short-Term Effect of Prunes in Improving Bone in Men

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020276 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Kelli S. George ◽

Joseph Munoz ◽

Lauren T. Ormsbee ◽

Neda S. Akhavan ◽

Elizabeth M. Foley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Health Concern ◽

Serum Osteocalcin ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Short Term ◽

Major Health ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

Aging Populations ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Osteoporosis is a major health concern in aging populations, where 54% of the U.S. population aged 50 and older have low bone mineral density (BMD). Increases in inflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the development of osteoporosis. Men are at a greater risk of mortality due to osteoporosis-related fractures. Our earlier findings in rodent male and female models of osteoporosis, as well as postmenopausal women strongly suggest the efficacy of prunes (dried plum) in reducing inflammation and preventing/reversing bone loss. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two doses of prunes, daily, on biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in men with some degree of bone loss (BMD; t-score between −0.1 and −2.5 SD), for three months. Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 years were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g prunes, 50 g prunes, or control. Consumption of 100 g prunes led to a significant decrease in serum osteocalcin (p < 0.001). Consumption of 50 g prunes led to significant decreases in serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) (p = 0.003) and serum osteocalcin (p = 0.040), and an increase in the OPG:RANKL ratio (p = 0.041). Regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g prunes for three months may positively affect bone turnover.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and NF-κB Sensing Interleukin-4 Over-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Equally Effective in Mitigating Particle-Associated Chronic Inflammatory Bone Loss in Mice

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.757830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Zhang ◽

Takeshi Utsunomiya ◽

Tzuhua Lin ◽

Yusuke Kohno ◽

Masaya Ueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Local Injection ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

M2 Macrophage ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Primary Surgery ◽

Polyethylene Particle

Wear particles from total joint arthroplasties (TJAs) induce chronic inflammation, macrophage infiltration and lead to bone loss by promoting bone destruction and inhibiting bone formation. Inhibition of particle-associated chronic inflammation and the associated bone loss is critical to the success and survivorship of TJAs. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that polyethylene particle induced chronic inflammatory bone loss could be suppressed by local injection of NF-κB sensing Interleukin-4 (IL-4) over-expressing MSCs using the murine continuous polyethylene particle infusion model. The animal model was generated with continuous infusion of polyethylene particles into the intramedullary space of the femur for 6 weeks. Cells were locally injected into the intramedullary space 3 weeks after the primary surgery. Femurs were collected 6 weeks after the primary surgery. Micro-computational tomography (μCT), histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Particle-infusion resulted in a prolonged pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage dominated phenotype and a decrease of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype, an increase in TRAP positive osteoclasts, and lower alkaline phosphatase staining area and bone mineral density, indicating chronic particle-associated inflammatory bone loss. Local injection of MSCs or NF-κB sensing IL-4 over-expressing MSCs reversed the particle-associated chronic inflammatory bone loss and facilitated bone healing. These results demonstrated that local inflammatory bone loss can be effectively modulated via MSC-based treatments, which could be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for periprosthetic osteolysis.

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TSH suppressive therapy and bone

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-20-0167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. R158-R172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Brancatella ◽

Claudio Marcocci

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Trabecular Bone Score ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Suppressive Therapy ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Increased Risk

Thyroid hormones stimulate bone turnover in adults by increasing osteoclastic bone resorption. TSH suppressive therapy is usually applied in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) to improve the disease outcome. Over the last decades several authors have closely monitored the potential harm suffered by the skeletal system. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that chronic TSH suppressive therapy is safe in premenopausal women and men. Conversely, in postmenopausal women TSH suppressive therapy is associated with a decrease of bone mineral density, deterioration of bone architecture (quantitative CT, QCT; trabecular bone score, TBS), and, possibly, an increased risk of fractures. The TSH receptor is expressed in bone cells and the results of experimental studies in TSH receptor knockout mice and humans on whether low TSH levels, as opposed to solely high thyroid hormone levels, might contribute to bone loss in endogenous or exogenous thyrotoxicosis remain controversial. Recent guidelines on the use of TSH suppressive therapy in patients with DTC give value not only to its benefit on the outcome of the disease, but also to the risks associated with exogenous thyrotoxicosis, namely menopause, osteopenia or osteoporosis, age >60 years, and history of atrial fibrillation. Bone health (BMD and/or preferably TBS) should be evaluated in postmenopausal women under chronic TSH suppressive therapy or in those patients planning to be treated for several years. Antiresorptive therapy could also be considered in selected cases (increased risk of fracture or significant decline of BMD/TBS during therapy) to prevent bone loss.

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Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Using the Combination of Mediclore® and a Statin

European Surgical Research ◽

10.1159/000519708 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jesung Park ◽

Hyun Kang ◽

Yoo Shin Choi ◽

Suk-Won Suh ◽

Soon Auck Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Fibrosis Score ◽

Abdominal Adhesions ◽

Group Assignment ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Inflammation Score

Purpose: This study investigated the antiadhesive effects of Mediclore®, rosuvastatin, and a combination of Mediclore and rosuvastatin in a rat adhesion model. Methods: The adhesion models (a total of 58 adult male rats) were divided into 4 groups. The control group (group C) received no special materials except for a saline. The experimental groups were treated with 5 mL of Mediclore (group M), rosuvastatin (group R), or rosuvastatin and Mediclore (group RM), and these materials were intraperitoneally placed under the incision. At postoperative day 14, the rats underwent re-laparotomy and adhesiolysis. Three investigators blinded to group assignment scored the extent of adhesion formation, the numbers of remote adhesions, and the extent of acute/chronic inflammation, fibrosis, edema, and congestion on resected specimens via histologic examination. Results: The macroscopic adhesion score in group RM (7.27 ± 3.51) was significantly lower than those in groups C (13.36 ± 2.24) and R (11.71 ± 1.98); group M (9.13 ± 4.09) had a significantly lower adhesion score than group C. The number of remote adhesions was significantly lower in groups R and RM than in group C. The acute inflammation score, chronic inflammation score, and fibrosis score in group RM; the acute inflammation score in group R; and the fibrosis score in group M were significantly lower than those in group C. Conclusion: The intraperitoneal application of Mediclore and a combination of Mediclore and rosuvastatin effectively reduced postoperative adhesions.

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Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-δ Agonist GW501516 on Bone and Muscle in Ovariectomized Rats

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2013-1166 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (6) ◽

pp. 2178-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. P. Mosti ◽

A. K. Stunes ◽

M. Ericsson ◽

H. Pullisaar ◽

J. E. Reseland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Muscle Morphology ◽

Ovx Rats

Estrogen deficiency promotes bone loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have 3 subtypes (α, δ, and γ). PPARγ agonists induce bone loss, whereas PPARα agonists increase bone mass. Although PPARδ agonists are known to influence skeletal muscle metabolism, the skeletal effects are unsettled. This study investigated the musculoskeletal effects of the PPARδ agonist GW501516 in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats, 12 weeks of age, were allocated to a sham-operated group and 3 OVX groups; high-dose GW501516 (OVX-GW5), low-dose GW501516 (OVX-GW1), and a control group (OVX-CTR), respectively (n = 12 per group). Animals received GW501516 or vehicle (methylcellulose) daily for 4 months by gavage. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the femur, spine, and whole body. Bone microarchitecture at the proximal tibia was assessed by microcomputed tomography, and dynamic histomorphometry was performed. Quadriceps muscle morphology and the relative expression of mitochondrial proteins were analyzed. Bone metabolism markers and metabolic markers were measured in plasma. After 4 months, the OVX-GW5 group displayed lower femoral BMD than OVX-CTR. Trabecular separation was higher in the GW-treated groups, compared with OVX-CTR. The OVX-GW5 group also exhibited lower cortical area fraction and a higher structure model index than OVX-CTR. These effects coincided with impaired bone formation in both GW groups. The OVX-GW5 group displayed elevated triglyceride levels and reduced adiponectin levels, whereas no effects on muscle morphology or mitochondrial gene expression appeared. In summary, the PPARδ agonist GW501516 negatively affected bone properties in OVX rats, whereas no effects were detected in skeletal muscle.

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Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rats, and the likely michanism of action

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i4.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 811-815

Author(s):

Maoxiu Peng ◽

Gangyl Jiang ◽

Shaoqi He ◽

Chengxuan Tang

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Lumbar Vertebrae ◽

Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽

Model Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Alendronate Sodium ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Osteoclast Number

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats, and the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Sixty female Wistar rats were assigned to control, model group, ginsenoside Rg3, and alendronate sodium groups, comprised of 15 rats per group. The osteoporosis rat model was established via intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. Changes in bone mineral content (BMC), BMD trabecular thickness and area, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in femurs and lumbar vertebrae were measured after 3 months of treatment.Results: There were significantly higher BMC and BMD levels in ginsenoside Rg3 group than in alendronate rats (p < 0.05). The thickness and trabecular area in femur and lumbar vertebrae in the ginsenoside Rg3 group were significantly higher than those in the model group (p < 0.05), but were comparable with those in the alendronate sodium group (p > 0.05). There were marked increases in osteoblasts, and marked decreases in osteoclasts in the ginsenoside Rg3 group, alendronate sodium and control rats, relative to model rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 arrests bone loss, and enhances bone density, trabecular thickness and area, bone microstructure, osteoblast activity and population of osteoclasts number in glucocorticoidinduced osteoporotic rats. This provides a new research direction for the clinical treatment ofosteoporosis. Keywords: Ginseng soap, Rg3, Glucocorticoid, Osteoporosis, Bone loss, Bone mineral density, Osteoclast population

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Effect of Weight Loss and Exercise Therapy on Bone Metabolism and Mass in Obese Older Adults: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-1473 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 2181-2187 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Dennis T. Villareal ◽

Krupa Shah ◽

Marian R. Banks ◽

David R. Sinacore ◽

Samuel Klein

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Markers ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Hip Bmd ◽

One Year

Abstract Background: Although weight loss and exercise ameliorates frailty and improves cardiac risk factors in obese older adults, the long-term effect of lifestyle intervention on bone metabolism and mass is unknown. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of diet-induced weight loss in conjunction with exercise on bone metabolism and mass in obese older adults. Design and Setting: We conducted a one-year randomized, controlled clinical trial in a university-based research center. Participants: Twenty-seven frail, obese (body mass index = 39 ± 5 kg/m2), older (age 70 ± 5 yr) adults participated in the study. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to diet and exercise (treatment group; n = 17) or no therapy (control group; n = 10). Outcome Measures: Body weight decreased in the treatment group but not in the control group (−10 ± 2 vs. +1 ± 1%, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had greater changes in bone mass, bone markers, and hormones, including 1) bone mineral density (BMD) in total hip (0.1 ± 2.1 vs. −2.4 ± 2.5%), trochanter (0.2 ± 3.3 vs. −3.3 ± 3.1%), and intertrochanter (0.3 ± 2.7 vs. −2.7 ± .3.0%); 2) C-terminal telopeptide (12 ± 35 vs. 101 ± 79%) and osteocalcin (−5 ± 15 vs. 66 ± 61%); and 3) leptin (2 ± 12 vs. −30 ± 25%) and estradiol (0.1 ± 14% vs. −14 ± 21%) (all P < 0.05). Changes in weight (r = 0.55), bone markers (r = −0.54), and leptin (r = 0.61) correlated with changes in hip BMD (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Weight loss, even when combined with exercise, decreases hip BMD in obese older adults. It is not known whether the beneficial effects of weight loss and exercise on physical function lower the overall risk of falls and fractures, despite the decline in hip BMD.

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Tamoxifen Treatment After Adjuvant Chemotherapy Has Opposite Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Patients Depending on Menstrual Status

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.02.3515 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Leena Vehmanen ◽

Inkeri Elomaa ◽

Carl Blomqvist ◽

Tiina Saarto

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Tamoxifen Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Early Menopause ◽

Hormone Receptor Positive ◽

Premenopausal Patients

Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen is a standard treatment option for women with intermediate or high-risk hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Premenopausal women treated with chemotherapy often develop early menopause and thus, enter a period of accelerated bone loss. We conducted a prospective study of the effect of sequential adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen on bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal patients. Patients and Methods One hundred eleven premenopausal women with early breast cancer were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with hormone receptor–positive tumors went on to tamoxifen 6 months after the beginning of the chemotherapy (tamoxifen group), while those with hormone receptor–negative tumors received no further therapy (control group). The effect of tamoxifen and menstrual status on BMD was studied. Results Tamoxifen treatment and menopausal status correlated significantly with the changes in lumbar spine BMD (P < .0001). A significant bone loss was noted in those tamoxifen-treated patients who continued to menstruate after chemotherapy. At 3 years of follow-up, menstruating patients on tamoxifen had lost −4.6% of their baseline BMD values, while a modest gain of +0.6% was noted in the control group. In contrast, bone loss was reduced among tamoxifen-treated women as compared with controls in patients who developed chemotherapy-induced early menopause. In amenorrheic patients, the lumbar spine BMD values decreased −6.8% in tamoxifen users and −9.5% in the controls, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that tamoxifen usage was associated with bone loss in patients who continued to menstruate after adjuvant chemotherapy. On the contrary, tamoxifen decreased bone loss in those women who developed chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea.

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